A study of latent profile analysis of empathic competence and factors influencing it in nursing interns: a multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Empathy, as one of the fundamental principles of nursing professionalism, plays a pivotal role in the formation and advancement of the nursing team. Nursing interns, as a reserve force within the nursing team, are of significant importance in terms of their ability to empathize. This quality is not only directly related to the degree of harmony in the nurse-patient relationship and the enhancement of patient satisfaction, but also plays a pivotal role in the promotion of the quality of nursing services to a new level. Aim: The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the current state of nursing interns' empathic abilities. To this end, we sought to examine empathic performance under different profile models and to identify the key factors influencing these profile models. Methods: The study utilized 444 nursing interns from 11 tertiary general hospitals in Inner Mongolia as research subjects. The study employed a number of research tools, including demographic characteristics, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale. A latent profile model of nursing interns' empathy ability was analyzed using Mplus 8.3. The test of variability of intergroup variables was performed using the chi-square test. Finally, the influencing factors of each profile model were analyzed by unordered multi-categorical logistic regression analysis. Results: The overall level of empathy among nursing interns was found to be low, with 45% belonging to the humanistic care group, 43% exhibiting low empathy, and 12% demonstrating high empathy. The internship duration, empathy satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, only child, place of birth, and satisfaction with nursing were identified as factors influencing the latent profiles of empathy in nursing interns (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There is considerable heterogeneity in nursing interns' ability to empathize. Consequently, nursing educators and administrators should direct greater attention to interns with lower empathy and develop targeted intervention strategies based on the influences of the different underlying profiles.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception among nursing interns: The moderating role of bullying behaviors in nursing education.

AIM: This study aims to investigate the status of academic support perception among nursing interns and explore the correlation between academic support perception, emotional intelligence, and bullying behaviors in nursing education, especially the moderating role of bullying behavior on the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception. BACKGROUND: Academic support perception is closely related to the nursing interns' mental health and academic performance. To some extent, it can reflect nursing interns' satisfaction and happiness during their internship, affecting their motivation to continue their studies. However, little is known about the nursing interns' academic support perception in China. METHODS: A total of 1020 nursing interns participated in this study. A sociodemographic information questionnaire, Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale, Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Academic Support in the Practicum Scale were used to collect data. FINDINGS: Bullying behaviors and emotional intelligence were significantly associated with nursing interns' academic support perception. In addition, bullying behaviors in nursing education moderated the association between emotional intelligence and academic support perception. DISCUSSION: Nursing interns who possess high emotional intelligence and experience less bullying in nursing education tend to perceive higher academic support in clinical practice. The positive effects of emotional intelligence on nursing interns' academic support perceptions are contingent on the level of bullying behavior experienced in nursing education. Less bullying behaviors in nursing education enhance the impact of emotional intelligence on academic support perception. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Strategies should be created to promote emotional intelligence and decrease bullying behaviors in nursing education to improve the perception of academic support among nursing interns.

The effects of clinical learning environment and career adaptability on resilience: A mediating analysis based on a survey of nursing interns.

BACKGROUND: The resilience education of intern nursing students has significant implications for the development and improvement of the nursing workforce. The clinical internship period is a critical time for enhancing resilience. AIMS: To evaluate the resilience level of Chinese nursing interns and explore the effects of factors affecting resilience early in their careers, focusing on the mediating roles of career adaptability between clinical learning environment and resilience. METHODS: The cross-sectional study design was adopted. From March 2022 to May 2023, 512 nursing interns in tertiary care hospitals were surveyed online with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Clinical Learning Environment Scale for Nurse and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale. Structural equation modelling was used to clarify the relationships among these factors. Indirect effects were tested using bootstrapped confidence intervals. RESULTS: The nursing interns showed a moderately high level of resilience [M (SD) = 70.15 (19.90)]. Gender, scholastic attainment, scholarship, career adaptability and clinical learning environment were influencing factors of nursing interns' resilience. Male interns with good academic performance showed higher levels of resilience. Career adaptability and clinical learning environment positively and directly affected their resilience level (ß = 0.62, 0.18, respectively, p < .01). Career adaptability was also positively affected by the clinical learning environment (ß = 0.36, p < .01), and mediated the effect of clinical learning environment on resilience (ß = 0.22, p < .01). CONCLUSION: Clinical learning environment can positively affect the resilience level of nursing interns. Career adaptability can affect resilience directly and also play a mediating role between clinical learning environment and resilience. Thus, promotion of career adaptability and clinical teaching environment should be the potential strategies for nursing interns to improve their resilience, especially for female nursing interns with low academic performance.

Moral sensitivity and caring behavior in nursing interns: the mediating role of empathy.

Background: The main purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between moral sensitivity, empathy, and caring behaviors and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on moral sensitivity and caring behaviors of nursing interns. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August to September 2022 in which 261 nursing interns from two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an participated. The questionnaires used in the survey include the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version translated into Chinese (MSQ R-CV), the Chinese version of the Jefferson Empathy Scale (JSE), and the Chinese version of the Caring Behavior Inventory (C-CBI). The obtained data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the mediating effect of empathy was tested through structural equations. Results: The overall mean of moral sensitivity of nursing interns in two Grade 3A Hospitals in Xi'an is 40.84 ± 8.73, the overall mean of empathy is 100.51 ± 21.56, and the overall mean of caring behavior is (113.81 ± 21.05). Statistical analysis showed that there is a positive correlation between moral sensitivity and caring behavior of nursing interns (r = 0.376, p < 0.01), between their empathy and moral sensitivity (r = 0.336, p < 0.01), and between their empathy and caring behavior (r = 0.394, p < 0.01). The empathy of nursing interns has a mediated effect on the relationship between moral sensitivity and caring behavior. The mediated effect value was 0.14, accounting for 31.82% of the total effect. Conclusion: The moral sensitivity of nursing interns can have a direct impact on predicting the caring behavior and indirect influences their caring behaviors mediated by empathy, with the latter effect being mediated by empathy. Therefore, nursing educators and hospital administrators should adopt targeted interventions to improve the moral sensitivity and empathy of nursing interns, which can further prove to be beneficial in improving their caring behaviors, leading to enhanced quality of nursing care and reduced nurse-patient conflicts and finally to a stabilized nursing team.

Transition shock, future time perspective, professional self-concept, and professional identity among nursing interns: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Transition shock is prevalent among nursing interns. Future time perspective helps nursing interns learn and work more effectively and improve their problem-solving skills. Professional self-concept and professional identity play an important central and driving role in nursing interns' career choices and career development. However, the mechanism by which future time perspective, professional self-concept and professional identity are linked to transition shock among nursing interns remains unknown. Objectives: We assess the degree of transition shock experienced by nursing interns and investigate the connections among transition shock, future-focused viewpoint, professional identity, and professional self-concept. Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was conducted. Setting: Eight hospitals in Hunan Province, China were included in the study. Participants: Nursing interns at the studied hospital participated in the study. Methods: A total of 1090 nursing interns [929 female, 161 male] were recruited from eight hospitals. Data on transition shock, future time perspective, professional self-concept and professional identity among nursing interns were collected using questionnaires from 30 May to June 15, 2022. Results: On a 4-point rating scale, the participants' felt transition shock had a mean overall score of 2.39 (SD = 0.52). The dimension with the highest score was overwhelming workload (mean = 2.74, SD = 0.58), while the dimension with the lowest score was incongruity between work and personal life (mean = 2.16, SD = 0.70).Professional identity was statistically significantly correlated with transition shock (r = -0.198, p < 0.01). The preferred level of nursing (ß = 0.354, p < 00.01), professional self-concept (ß = 0.226, p < 00.01), professional identity (ß = -0.2576, p < 00.01) and future time perspective (ß = 0.119, p < 00.01) were predictors of transition shock. Conclusions: The development of nursing interns' sense of professional identity and future time perspective should be enhanced during both the education phase and clinical placement to help nursing interns overcome the experience of transition shock.

Knowledge of deep vein thrombosis among nursing interns: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The aims of this study were: (1) to validate whether the Knowledge and Practices of Nurses on Deep Vein Thrombosis Risks and Prophylaxis Knowledge (KPNDVT-K) subscale could effectively measure the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns; (2) to determine the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns; and (3) to analyse the factors affecting the level of DVT knowledge of nursing interns. BACKGROUND: The effective prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients requires nursing staff to have a solid knowledge base of DVT. The level of knowledge about DVT among nursing interns ultimately affects their ability to play an important role in DVT prevention as a qualified nurse. To improve DVT prevention, the current level of knowledge needs to be explored. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Basic information was collected from the nursing interns. The KPNDVT-K subscale was used to assess the level of knowledge of DVT among nursing interns. RESULTS: The KPNDVT-K subscale was used to measure the DVT knowledge of nursing interns with good reliability and validity (difficulty p=0.304-0.426; differentiation D=0.422-0.540; Cronbach's alpha =0.724-0.950; R=0.766). The passing rate for the nursing interns' DVT knowledge was 75.1%, which was in the middle level. Sex (ß=-1.471, P=0.007), Home location (ß=-0.627, P=0.014), Understanding of channels (hospital teachers) (ß=0.688, P=0.008), Internship (ß=-1.625, P=0.035; ß=-1.435, P=0.038) were the main influences on nursing interns' knowledge of DVT. CONCLUSIONS: The KPNDVT-K subscale has high applicability in the measurement of DVT knowledge of nursing interns. The knowledge of DVT among nursing interns was satisfactory and the knowledge related to DVT preventive measures was good. Nursing educators should take active measures in both schools and hospitals to improve the DVT knowledge of nursing interns to reduce the occurrence of DVT in patients.

The mediating role of academic support perception in the relationship between emotional intelligence and bullying behaviours in clinical practice: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Bullying behaviours experienced by nursing interns in clinical practice are a considerable and serious concern. Understanding the factors that influence such behaviours in clinical practice is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and fostering a supportive learning environment. PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of bullying behaviours experienced by nursing interns and examine the mediating role of academic support perception in the relationship between emotional intelligence and bullying behaviours in clinical practice. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that used convenience sampling. A socio-demographic information questionnaire, Bullying Behaviours in Nursing Education Scale, Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Academic Support in the Practicum Scale were used to collect data from nursing interns (n = 813) at seven tertiary hospitals in Changsha, China. Binary logistic regression and mediating analyses were used to explore the factors influencing bullying behaviours in nursing practice and examine the potential mediating role of academic support perception. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying behaviours in clinical practice among 813 nursing interns was 82.7 %. Binary logistic regression analyses indicated that attitude toward the nursing profession, emotional intelligence, and academic support perception were significantly associated with bullying behaviours in clinical practice. Academic support perception (ß = 0.375, p < 0.001) played a significant mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and bullying behaviours in clinical practice, accounting for 55.7 % of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Nursing educators and administrators should recognise that improving emotional intelligence and enhancing academic support perception among nursing interns can reduce the occurrence of bullying behaviours in clinical practice.

Transition shock among nursing interns and its relationship with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Nursing interns often experience lots of challenges during their clinical nursing internships, which can adversely affect career decisions and result in a squandering of nursing education resources. Patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring may affect nursing interns' clinical experience. However, more evidence is requested to validate these relationships for nursing educators to develop effective education programs and facilitate interns' successful transition. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, which used a convenience sampling method to recruit 387 nursing interns during December 2022 to April 2023 in university affiliated hospital in Hunan province, China. Data were collected using standardized scales. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to examine the relationship between transition shock, patient safety attitudes, professional identity, and climate of caring. RESULTS: Nursing interns experienced transition shock at a moderate level and the highest levels of transition shock in response to overwhelming practicum workloads, with the second being related to the conflict between theory and practice. Transition shock was negatively correlated with patient safety attitudes, professional identity and climate of caring among nursing interns. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing managers and educators need to value the transition shock experienced by nursing interns. Our study suggests that developing a strong sense of professional identity and a positive attitude toward patient safety can be effective in reducing the level of transition shock among nursing interns. In addition, a caring climate within the nursing unit can significantly enhance the overall experience of nursing interns. This can be achieved by enhancing the support of clinical mentors, providing patient safety-focused education, and facilitating team communication among nurses.

Measuring care-related regret intensity: Reliability and validation of a 10-item scale among Chinese nursing interns.

AIM: The 10-item care-related regret intensity scale (RIS-10) assesses the experience and intensity of care-related regrets. The aim of this study was to validate a Chinese version of the RIS and examine its reliability and validity when applied to Chinese nursing interns. BACKGROUND: Nursing students, the future healthcare workforce, often face clinical errors and adverse events due to limited knowledge and experience. Assessing care-related regret during their internships is crucial for their development. METHODS: Through a process involving translation, back-translation and cross-cultural adaptation, a Chinese version of the RIS-10 was developed. A convenience sampling method was employed to survey 529 nursing interns to validate the reliability and validity of the scale. RESULTS: The Chinese version of the scale, consisting of 10 items, demonstrated a single dimension, explaining 66.77% of the total variance according to exploratory factor analysis. Content validity for the 10 items ranged from 0.800 to 1.000, with a scale-level content validity of 0.980. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a well-fitting model (CFI = 0.968, GFI = 0.921, NFI = 0.952, IFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.088). Convergent validity was supported by an Average Variance Extracted of 0.636 and a Composite Reliability of 0.946. The scale also exhibited strong reliability with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.945, a split-half reliability coefficient of 0.903 and a test-retest reliability of 0.901. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive translation and validation process confirms the suitability of the Chinese version of the RIS-10 for use among Chinese nursing interns.

Mediating effects of transition shock and professional identity on the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To determine the association between the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns, and the multiple mediating effects of professional identity and transition shock on this relationship. BACKGROUND: Limited research has been conducted on the involvement of nursing interns in patient safety management and the direct relationship between the perception of a caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether professional identity and transition shock play significant roles as mediating factors in this relationship. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study employed a convenience sampling to recruit 356 nursing interns from 30 nursing schools in a comprehensive hospital in Hunan Province, China, between December 2022 and April 2023. Data on general information, the perception of a caring climate in hospitals, professional identity, transition shock, and patient safety attitudes was collected from nursing interns using a general information questionnaire and reliable scales. This study utilized a structural equation model with AMOS 24.0 to examine the relationship between variables. RESULTS: The perception of a caring climate in hospitals directly impacted patient safety attitudes of nursing interns (Effect = 0.253, 95% confidence interval: 0.218-0.542). Meanwhile, the perception of a caring climate in hospitals indirectly influenced patient safety attitudes of nursing interns through multiple mediating factors, including professional identity and transition shock (Effect = 0.037, 95% confidence interval: 0.017-0.073). CONCLUSION: To ensure patient safety, it is crucial to enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Our findings suggest that nursing educators and managers can enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns by establishing a caring climate. Professional identity and transition shock are important mediators of the patient safety attitudes. Additionally, nursing educators can implement measures to foster a positive work environment, including providing care and support to nursing interns and reducing their workload, to increase professional identity, alleviate transition shock, and ultimately enhance patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: The relationship between the perception of caring climate in hospitals and patient safety attitudes of nursing interns. Professional identity and transition shock play multiple mediating roles in the relationship. #PatientSafetyAttitudes #NursingInterns #CaringClimate.

Evaluation and improvement of workplace vertical violence of nursing interns based on the Importance-Performance Analysis method.

Purpose: To analyze the key factors related to workplace vertical violence among nursing interns in China and to propose strategies to improve the nursing practice environment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method to analyze the key factors and significance of workplace vertical violence for nursing interns. The data were obtained by administering a workplace vertical violence survey, designed specifically for this study, to 120 nursing interns at a tertiary general hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Results: The results demonstrated that the variables "I was ordered to do something beyond my ability and lacked guidance (C3)," "Errors in work have been repeatedly emphasized, spread, or exaggerated (C8)," "I was unjustly criticized (C9)," "I was withheld or blocked information purposefully (C1)," and "I was belittled at work (C2)" were the most crucial variables for determining the presence of workplace vertical violence of nursing interns. Moreover, they are priority improvement variables. Conclusion: Managers must prioritize the use of relevant resources during internships to minimize false reinforcement and unfair criticism. Efforts should focus on improving information sharing, emphasizing the role of nursing interns in clinical work, providing better guidance when arranging for nursing interns to do work that exceeds their capacity, reducing workplace vertical violence, and improving nursing intern practice environments.

A study of empathy levels among nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Empathy is one of the therapeutic communication techniques used to help the client feel better. However, there are a few studies have investigated level of empathy among enrollers at nursing colleges. The aim was to examine the level of self-reported empathy among nursing interns. METHODS: The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional in nature. A total of 135 nursing interns fill in the Interpersonal Reactivity Index from August to October 2022. Data was analyzed through the SPSS program. An independent -sample t-test and one way- ANOVA was used to explore differences in the degree of empathy with respect to academic and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that nursing interns showed a mean level of empathy of 67.46 (SD = 18.86). This result indicated that the nursing interns have moderate levels of empathy overall. There was statistical significant difference in the mean level of subscales of perspective-taking and empathic concern between males and females. Additionally, nursing interns who are less than 23 years old scored high in the subscale of perspective-taking. Married nursing interns and who preferred nursing as a profession scored higher in the subscale of empathic concern than unmarried ones and who did not preferred nursing as a profession. CONCLUSION: Perspective taking incresed with younger male nursing interns, this reflects high cognitive flexibility with younger age nursing interns. Morover, the empathic concern incresed with male married nuring interns who preferred nursing as a profession. This implies that they should engage in continuous reflection and educational activities as part of their clinical training as nursing interns in order to improve their empathic attitudes.

Emotional intelligence as a mediator between spiritual care-giving competency and core competencies in Chinese nursing interns: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The development of nursing interns' fundamental competencies should be a top focus because they represent an essential reserve for nursing professionals. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between spiritual care-giving competency (SCG) and nursing core competencies (NCC) among Chinese nursing interns, adopting a competency-based education (CBE) perspective, additionally, the study aims to examine how emotional intelligence (EI) serves as a mediator in this relationship. METHODS: A nationwide online survey was completed by 1811 Chinese nursing interns at vocational colleges between June and July 2022 as part of a multi-site, cross-sectional, web-based study. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and competencies inventory for the registered nurse questionnaire (CIRN), the Chinese version of the spiritual care-giving scale questionnaire (C-SCGS), and the Chinese version of the Wong and Law EI scale questionnaire (WLEIS-C). Means, standard deviations, t-tests, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Pearson's production correlation coefficients were calculated using IBM SPSS25.0 software. Mediated effect tests and studies utilizing the process plug-in SPSS developed by Hayes. RESULTS: The NCCs of college nursing interns were related to whether working as student leaders, whether have a better self-learning evaluation level, whether a college nursing intern with good interpersonal relationship, and whether they intend to engage in the nursing profession in the future. The scores of NCC, EI, and SCG were (156.43±23.14), (61.55±9.10), and (167.64±20.52) respectively. There were positive correlations among SCG (r = 0.402), EI (r = 0.506), and NCC. The partial mediating effect of EI between SCG and NCC was 0.127, accounting for 36.29% of the total results. CONCLUSION: The average levels of Chinese college nursing interns' NCC and SCG were at a moderate level. EI is mediating between SCG and NCC in Chinese nursing interns. This new perspective shows that developing and improving SCG and EI may improve NCC. We suggest modifying the nurse curriculum and instruction to strengthen NCC and integrating SCG and EI management into the nursing curriculum.

Effect of online modified mindfulness-based stress reduction training on the resilience of nursing interns in China.

AIM: This study aimed to adopt online mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training to increase the resilience of nursing interns and help them to achieve a smooth transition. DESIGN: A one-group pretest-posttest study design was used. METHODS: A total of 119 college nursing interns were recruited from 12 tertiary hospitals in Beijing on Feb.20, 2021. The MBSR training was organized into 4 weeks of courses, conducted online using Tencent Meeting and taught by a certified teacher at the Oxford Mindfulness Centre. Resilience was assessed before and 2 weeks after the training, respectively, using Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents via an online questionnaire tool. RESULTS: Seventy-nine college nursing interns finished both of the resilience questionnaire surveys. The mean resilience values before and after the training were 98.7 ± 13.69 and 104.57 ± 16.64 respectively. The 4-week online MBSR training considerably increased the resilience of nursing interns. This can be an effective measure to maintain a balanced state among nursing interns and help them smoothly transition from school to clinical practice. No Patient or Public Contribution.

Application of flipped classroom based on CDIO concept combined with mini-CEX evaluation model in the clinical teaching of orthopedic nursing.

BACKGROUND: After the COVID-19 epidemic, the state has paid more attention to the clinical teaching function of affiliated hospitals of colleges and universities. Strengthening the integration of medicine and education and improving the quality and effect of clinical practice teaching are critical challenges facing medical education. The difficulty of orthopedic teaching lies in the characteristics of a wide variety of diseases, strong professionalism, and relatively abstract characteristics, which affect the initiative, enthusiasm, and learning effect of nursing students. In this study, a flipped classroom teaching plan based on the CDIO (conceive-design-implement-operate) concept was constructed and practiced in the orthopedic nursing student training course to improve the effect of practical teaching, and it is convenient for teachers to implement more effective and targeted teaching in the flipped classroom of nursing education and even medical education in the future. METHODS: Fifty undergraduate nursing students who practiced in the Orthopedics Department of a tertiary hospital in June 2017 were enrolled in the control group, while 50 undergraduate nursing students who practiced in the same department in June 2018 were enrolled in the intervention group. The intervention group adopted the flipped classroom teaching mode of the CDIO concept, whereas the control group adopted the traditional teaching mode. After finishing the department practice task, the students in the two groups completed the evaluation of theory, operation skills, independent learning ability, and critical thinking ability. They completed the evaluation of clinical practice ability in eight dimensions, including four processes of nursing procedures, humanistic care ability, and evaluation of clinical teaching quality for two groups of teachers. RESULTS: After teaching, the clinical practice ability, critical thinking ability, autonomous learning ability, theoretical and operational performance, and evaluation of clinical teaching quality in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The CDIO-based teaching mode can stimulate the independent learning ability and critical thinking ability of nursing interns, promote the organic combination of theory and practice, improve their ability to comprehensively use theoretical knowledge to analyze and solve practical problems, and improve teaching effectiveness.

Psychological workplace violence and its influence on professional commitment among nursing interns in China: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Psychological workplace violence (WPV) is the primary form of workplace violence suffered by nursing interns. Psychological WPV not only damages the physical and mental health of nursing interns, but also has a negative impact on their work quality and career choice. Aim: To investigate the characteristics and types of psychological WPV suffered by nursing interns in China, analyze the influencing factors of psychological WPV among nursing interns, and explore the influence of psychological WPV on the professional commitment of nursing interns. Methods: The subjects were 1,095 nursing interns from 14 medical colleges in Shandong Province. The data were collected electronically using the psychological WPV against nursing interns questionnaire and the professional commitment scale of nursing. The frequency and component ratio were used to describe the incidence and characteristics of psychological WPV. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological WPV, and linear regression investigated the influence of psychological WPV on the professional commitment of nursing interns. Results: In the study, 45.0% (n = 493) of nursing interns suffered at least one incidence of psychological WPV during clinical practice, mainly discrimination and verbal abuse. Patients and their relatives were the main perpetrators of psychological WPV. Discrimination and lack of trust were the two main reasons behind psychological WPV. Furthermore, 75.9% of psychological WPV incidents were not effectively reported. Logistic regression showed that clinical internship duration, place of family residence, and hospital level were the influencing factors of psychological WPV among nursing interns. Linear regression results showed that psychological WPV had a negative effect on nursing interns' professional commitment. Conclusion: Psychological WPV against nursing interns is highly prevalent in China, negatively impacting their professional commitment. It is suggested that colleges should introduce courses for nursing interns to understand and cope with psychological WPV before entering clinical practice, and hospitals should establish a mechanism to prevent, cope with, report, and deal with psychological WPV to effectively reduce the incidence of psychological WPV against nursing interns, improve their ability to cope with psychological WPV, and enhance their professional commitment.

Pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The clinical learning environment and ego identity are positively related to professional identity. However, the pathways from these factors to professional identity are unknown. Aim This study explores the pathways from the clinical learning environment and ego identity to professional identity. METHODS: The study used a convenience sampling method in a comprehensive hospital in Hunan Province, China to enrol 222 nursing interns between April and May 2021. General information questionnaires and scales with good psychometric properties (e.g., Environment Evaluation Scale for Clinical Nursing Internship, Ego Identity Scale, and Professional Identification Scale) were used to collect data. A structural equation model was used to explore the relationships between the clinical learning environment, ego identity, and professional identity among nursing interns. RESULTS: The professional identity of nursing interns was positively correlated with the clinical learning environment and ego identity. The clinical learning environment had a direct effect (Effect = -0.052, P < 0.05) and an indirect effect through ego identity (Effect = -0.042, P < 0.05) on nursing interns' professional identity. CONCLUSION: The clinical learning environment and ego identity are important influencing factors of professional identity among nursing interns. Therefore, clinical teaching hospitals and teachers should pay attention to the improvement in the clinical learning environment and the cultivation of nursing interns' ego identity.

Factors associated with the patient privacy protection behaviours of nursing interns in China: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To explore the associated factors of patient privacy protection behaviours among nursing interns. BACKGROUND: The patient privacy protection behaviours of nursing interns are closely related to information security incidents and the quality of clinical practice. However, little is known about the associated factors of patient privacy protection behaviours among nursing interns. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: A comprehensive hospital in Hunan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: Nursing interns in a comprehensive hospital from 30 different nursing schools were recruited using convenience sampling. METHODS: Data on general information, patient privacy protection cognition, moral sensitivity, empathy and patient privacy protection behaviours were collected with a general information questionnaire and corresponding scales with good psychometric properties. U-test, spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used to determine the associated factors of patient privacy protection behaviours among nursing interns. RESULTS: This study showed that nursing interns in a college programme had better patient privacy protection behaviours than those nursing interns in a baccalaureate programme. Nursing interns who have more knowledge of privacy laws and whose clinical nursing teachers excelled in patient privacy protection might show better patient privacy protection behaviours. Nursing interns with better patient privacy protection cognition, higher moral sensitivity and greater empathy might have better patient privacy protection behaviours. CONCLUSION: Strengthening nursing interns' knowledge of privacy laws and patient privacy protection cognition, improving their moral sensitivity and empathy and standardising the patient privacy protection behaviours of clinical nursing teachers may can improve the patient privacy protection behaviours of nursing interns. Also, clinical teachers should pay close attention to nursing interns in baccalaureate programmes who are likely to have a lower level of patient privacy protection behaviours and act as role models for them in protecting patient privacy in clinical nursing education.

Association between circadian rhythm and sleep quality among nursing interns: A latent profile and moderation analysis.

Background: Disturbances in circadian rhythms are common among night-shift workers and result in poor sleep quality. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of circadian rhythms and their relationship with sleep quality is less explored in nursing interns. Therefore, we aimed to identify the latent subtypes of circadian rhythm, explore their relationship with sleep quality, and evaluate their moderating role between perceived stress and sleep quality in nursing interns. Materials and methods: In all, 452 nursing interns were recruited between October 2020 and January 2021 from Be Resilient to Nursing Career (BRNC), which is a multicenter, prospective cohort of a career growth program for nursing students. They were assessed using the 10-item Chinese Perceived Stress Scale, Circadian Type Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Latent profile analysis and moderation analysis were performed. Results: Overall, 72.3% of the nursing interns reported poor sleep quality. We identified three latent subtypes of circadian rhythms, namely, Vigorousness (40.1%), Inadaptability (18.6%), and Flexibility (41.1%). Females (OR = 1.97, 95% Cl: 1.01-3.83, P = 0.047) with normal body mass index (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 0.95-2.76, P = 0.078) were prone to Flexibility. Circadian rhythm types significantly moderated the association between perceived stress and sleep quality (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing interns suffer from poor sleep. There exists heterogeneity of circadian rhythm subtypes in nursing interns, and attention should be paid to those with Inadaptability type. The association between perceived stress and sleep quality is significantly moderated by circadian rhythm subtypes.

Integrating sustainability development education program in nursing to challenge practice among nursing interns in health care.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the Integrating Sustainability Development Education Program in Nursing to Challenge Practice Among Nursing Interns in Health Care. BACKGROUND: The combination of sustainable development and climate change in health care delivery benefits from the apparent environmental changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, comparative study included 160 nursing interns who completed the intervention. Both genders were assigned to Saudi (N = 80) and Egyptian nursing interns (N = 80). Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, which included the Sustainability Consciousness Questionnaire and the Sustainability Attitudes in Nursing Survey. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was found between student nurses' knowledge, attitude and behaviour during pre-intervention and post-intervention, as well as in student nurses' sustainability development dimension effectiveness after than before program implementation. CONCLUSION: The program had a significant effect on all sustainability development domains and a large effect on total sustainability development during post-intervention. This study recommended that educational programs can upgrade sustainability development and challenge practice levels. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Sustainable development is the future of management and is the next phase of management innovation. Sustainability, in the context of health care, is about progress in high-quality patient care delivery for all by promoting the three elements of sustainable development: environmental, social and financial. Nurses play a significant leadership role in addressing environmental sustainability and climate change.