Standard workload-based estimation of nursing manpower requirement in the ICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital: A time and motion study.

BACKGROUND: The safety of patients remain at risk due to a higher workload and lower nurse-to-patient ratio. However, in India, most hospitals still adhere to long-known nurse staffing norms set by their statutory or accreditation bodies. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to recommend a standard workload-based estimation of nursing manpower requirement in the ICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a descriptive, observational, time and motion study was conducted in the medicine ICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Data collection was done by using demographic and clinical profile sheet of patients, NPDS-H dependency assessment scale, time and activities record sheet, and WHO WISN tool. The nurses' activities were observed by nonparticipatory and non-concealment technique. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and the WHO WISN tool. RESULTS: The bed occupancy rate and the average length of stay in the medicine ICU were 93.23% and 7.18 days respectively. Distribution of dependency level of the medical ICU patients was very high (41.67%), low-high (33.33%), and medium-high (25.0%) dependency level. Considering available resources and workload in tertiary care hospitals in India, the study recommended a nurse-to-patient ratio of 1:1.2 in each shift for the medicine ICU of a tertiary care hospital. CONCLUSION: The study suggested minimum nurse-to-patient ratio in medical ICU should be 1:1.2 with provision of power to ICU incharge nurse to allocate nurses according to the workload in different shifts. Also, nurse staffing norms in hospitals need to be estimated or selected with serious consideration of health care demands when employing nurse staffing norms.

Research progress on the mechanism of nursing manpower factors on patients' safe / 中国实用护理杂志

This article reviewed the present situation of the research on the relationship between the number of nursing staff, education level, skill combination and patient safety at home and abroad, as well as the indirect mechanism of nursing manpower factors on patient safety through intermediary factors such as working environment, attendance, nursing lack and so on. In view of the problems existing in domestic research, some suggestions were put forward, such as carrying out longitudinal and intervention research on patient safety, optimizing the allocation of nursing human resources and patient safety indicators, exploring the mechanism of multiple nursing factors and patient safety and conducting empirical analysis. To provide reference for hospital managers to improve nursing quality and ensure patient safety.

An Analysis of Waiting Time for Emergency Treatment and Optimal Allocation of Nursing Manpower.

OBJECTIVE: Emergency care is the frontline of the healthcare system. Taiwanese typically seek emergency care when suffering from an acute or unknown illness, which leads to a large number of emergency patients and the related misallocation of nursing manpower, and the excessive workloads of emergency service providers have become serious issues for Taiwan's medical institutions. PARTICIPANTS: This study conducted purposive sampling and recruited patients and nursing staffs from the emergency room of a medical center in New Taipei City as the research participants. METHODS: This study applied the queueing theory and the derived optimal model to solve the problems of excessive workloads for emergency service providers and misallocation of nursing manpower, in an attempt to provide decision makers with more flexible resource allocation and process improvement suggestions. RESULTS: This study analyzed the causes of emergency service overload and identified solutions for improving nursing manpower utilization. CONCLUSIONS: A wait-time model and the queueing theory were used to determine resource parameters for the optimal allocation of patient waiting times and to develop the best model for estimating nursing manpower.

Nursing manpower forecast for cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This paper presents a dynamic model aimed at predicting nursing manpower requirements for cancer care over the next ten years. The proposed model, based on the Taiwan Health Insurance Database (2000 to 2010), is meant to serve as a reference in establishing policy for government health units. METHODS: The proposed prediction model uses fuzzy sets to replace definite values with interval values in order to account for uncertainties in real-world data and enhance the flexibility of prediction results. RESULTS: Our results suggest that the demand for nursing manpower for cancer care will grow steadily in the foreseeable future. The gap between the demand for nursing staff and the supply is expected to peak in 2027. By then, the number of oncologists is expected to reach 7,083 (54.32% of the total number of in-hospital physicians), but the number of oncology nurses will be less than 26,297 (56.5% of the total healthcare manpower). It is also expected that there will be fewer than 1,613 outpatient physicians (71.81% of the total number of physicians) and fewer than 4,967 outpatient nurses (68.46% of the total nursing manpower). CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides a valuable reference for government agencies involved in the nursing manpower planning to improve the quality of nursing care.

Nurse-to-patient ratio and nurse staffing norms for hospitals in India: A critical analysis of national benchmarks.

Optimum nurse-to-patient ratio is the concern of most of the nurse leaders globally. It has benefits both for nurses and patients; which is essential for patient's safety and quality of care. Some parts of the world such as California, USA, and Queensland, Australia has passed the law for the minimum nurse-to-patient ratio, which has scientifically found to be beneficial for the patients and healthcare system. Indian nurse staffing norms given by the Staff Inspection Unit, Indian Nursing Council, and Medical Council of India are developed through professional judgement models and are not updated. Five electronic databases were considered for literature search; in addition, grey literature and books were also searched. The primary outcome was to summarise exiting national nurse-to-patient norms and to find out the ideal nurse-to-patient ratio and nurse staffing norms as per Indian resources. It is concluded that nurse staffing norms must be immediately revised in the light of international norms and research evidence available in this regard. Further, there is a need for workload analysis based research evidence to have true nurse-to-patient ratio estimation for hospitals in India.

The application of nursing scheduling software combined with mobile phone APP in the nursing manpower arrangement in intensive care unit / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the effect of nursing scheduling software combined with mobile phone APP in the nursing manpower arrangement in intensive care unit.@*Methods@#The nursing scheduling software and mobile phone APP were applied to management resources of 82 nurses in ICU, substituted for traditional manual way. The work efficiency, nursing quality and nurse satisfaction were compared before and after implementing in intensive care unit.@*Results@#After implementation of nursing scheduling software combined with mobile phone APP, the average time of scheduling was reduced from (6.49±0.62) h to (4.29±0.44) h, the difference was statistically significant (t=19.97, P<0.01). The nursing quality score was improved from (97.54±1.19) points to (95.16±1.29) points, the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.70, P<0.01). The nurses′ satisfaction about scheduling was improved from 73.2%(60/82) to 96.3%(79/82), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=17.04, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The mode of nursing scheduling software combined with mobile phone APP in intensive care unit has a good effect, which can improve the scheduling efficiency, the job satisfaction of nursing staff and the quality of nursing,and promote the nursing information management.

Association between patient classification systems and nurse staffing costs in intensive care units: An exploratory study.

OBJECTIVES: Nurse staffing costs represent approximately 60% of total intensive care unit costs. In order to analyse resource allocation in intensive care, we examined the association between nurse staffing costs and two patient classification systems: the nursing activities score (NAS) and nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS). RESEARCH METHODOLOGY/DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive correlational analysis of nurse staffing costs and data of 6390 patients extracted from a data warehouse. SETTING: Three intensive care units in a university hospital and one in a regional hospital in Norway. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nurse staffing costs, NAS and NEMS. RESULTS: For merged data from all units, the NAS was more strongly correlated with monthly nurse staffing costs than was the NEMS. On separate analyses of each ICU, correlations were present for the NAS on basic costs and external overtime costs but were not significant. The annual mean nurse staffing cost for 1% of NAS was 20.9-23.1 euros in the units, which was comparable to 53.3-81.5 euros for 1 NEMS point. CONCLUSION: A significant association was found between monthly costs, NAS, and NEMS. Cost of care should be based on individual patients' nursing care needs. The NAS makes nurses' workload visible and may be a helpful classification system in future planning and budgeting of intensive care resources.

A critical review of knowledge on nurses with problematic substance use: The need to move from individual blame to awareness of structural factors.

Problematic substance use (PSU) among nurses has wide-ranging adverse implications. A critical integrative literature review was conducted with an emphasis on building knowledge regarding the influence of structural factors within nurses' professional environments on nurses with PSU. Five thematic categories emerged: (i) access, (ii) stress, and (iii) attitudes as contributory factors, (iv) treatment policies for nurses with PSU, and (v) the culture of the nursing profession. Conclusions were that an overemphasis on individual culpability and failing predominates in the literature and that crucial knowledge gaps exist regarding the influence of structural factors on driving and shaping nurses' substance use.

Evaluation of nurses' workload in intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital in relation to the patients' severity of illness: A prospective study.

BACKGROUNDS: Costs of intensive care reach up to 30% of the hospital budget with workforce expenses being substantial. Determining proper nurse-patient ratio is necessary for optimizing patients' health related outcomes and hospitals' cost effective functioning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate nurses' workload using Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score and Nursing Activities Score scoring systems while assessing correlation between both scores and the severity of illness measured by Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. DESIGN: A Prospective study SETTINGS: Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia, from October 2014 to February 2015. This Intensive Care Unit has 3 beds that can be expanded upon need. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 99 patients treated at this Unit during the study's period. The scores were obtained by 6 nurses, working in 12h shifts. METHODS: Measurements were obtained for each patient 24h after admission and subsequently twice a day, at the end of the day shift (7pm) and at the end of the night shift (7 am). The necessary data were obtained from the patient's medical records. RESULTS: Nursing Activities Score showed significantly higher number of nurses are required for one 12h shift (Z=3.76, p<0.001). Higher scores were obtained on day shifts vs. night shifts. (Nursing Manpower Use Score, z=3.25, p<0.001; Nursing Activities Score, z=4.16, p<0.001). When comparing Nursing Activities Score and Nursing Manpower Use Score during the week, we calculated higher required number of nurses on weekdays than on weekends and holidays, (Nursing Manpower Use Score, p<0.001; Nursing Activities Score, p<0.001). Correlation analysis of Nursing Activities Score and Nursing Manpower Use Score with Simplified Acute Physiology Score II has shown that Nursing Manpower Use Score positively associated with severity of disease, while Nursing Activities Score shows no association. CONCLUSION: Both scores can be used to estimate required number of nurses in 12-h shifts, although Nursing Activities Score seems more suitable for units with prolonged length of stay, while Nursing Manpower Use Score appears better for units with shorter duration of stay (up to four days). Higher workload measured by Nursing Manpower Use Score scale can be predicted with higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. However, with low Simplified Acute Physiology Score II scores it cannot be assumed that the nursing workload will also be low. Further research is needed to determine the best tool to asses nursing workload in intensive care units.

Application of TISS-28 in the management for ICU nursing / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the application value of therapeutic intervention scoring system-28(TISS-28) in the management for intensive care unit (ICU) nursing.Methods: 120 elderly patients who received cure in ICU were divided into observation group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases) according to treatment time. Patients of observation group received the nursing method of TISS-28, and patients of control group received traditional nursing method. The average work time of nursing, the satisfactory degree of patients for nursing work and the satisfactory degree of paramedics for the manpower management of nursing of the two groups were compared.Results: The average work time of nursing of observation group was significantly less than that of control group (t=16.886, P<0.05). The satisfactory degrees for nursing work included life care, health education, communication with family member and humanistic care of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group, respectively (x2=5.175,x2=4.183,x2=4.227,x2=5.175;P<0.05). The general satisfactory degree for nursing work of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=4.227,P<0.05). The satisfactory degrees of doctor and paramedic for the nursing manpower management of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group (x2=4.571,P<0.05).Conclusion: It is benefit for scientific management of nursing that TISS-28 is adopted to manage the nursing of ICU, and it can enhance work efficiency of nursing and quality of nursing, and improve the satisfactory degrees of patients for nursing work and paramedics for the personnel management.

Application of TISS-28 in the management for ICU nursing / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the application value of therapeutic intervention scoring system-28(TISS-28) in the management for intensive care unit (ICU) nursing.Methods: 120 elderly patients who received cure in ICU were divided into observation group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases) according to treatment time. Patients of observation group received the nursing method of TISS-28, and patients of control group received traditional nursing method. The average work time of nursing, the satisfactory degree of patients for nursing work and the satisfactory degree of paramedics for the manpower management of nursing of the two groups were compared.Results: The average work time of nursing of observation group was significantly less than that of control group (t=16.886, P<0.05). The satisfactory degrees for nursing work included life care, health education, communication with family member and humanistic care of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group, respectively (x2=5.175,x2=4.183,x2=4.227,x2=5.175;P<0.05). The general satisfactory degree for nursing work of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (x2=4.227,P<0.05). The satisfactory degrees of doctor and paramedic for the nursing manpower management of observation group were significantly higher than that of control group (x2=4.571,P<0.05).Conclusion: It is benefit for scientific management of nursing that TISS-28 is adopted to manage the nursing of ICU, and it can enhance work efficiency of nursing and quality of nursing, and improve the satisfactory degrees of patients for nursing work and paramedics for the personnel management.

Academic-Practice Partnerships for Unemployed New Graduates in California.

In California, academic-practice partnerships offer innovative transition programs to new registered nurse (RN) graduates who have not yet found positions in nursing. This report describes the formation of 4 partnerships between 1 or more schools of nursing and clinical practice sites that included hospitals and nonacute care settings, such as hospice, clinics, school districts, and skilled nursing facilities. Factors facilitating the partnerships included relationships established as nurse leaders from practice and academia came together to address previous workforce issues, positive interpersonal experiences, an independent convening and coordinating organization, a shared understanding of the employment challenge faced by new RN graduates, and a shared vision for its solution. Partnerships face continuing challenges that include sustaining engagement, resource constraints, and insufficient nursing leadership succession planning. Partnership benefits include improved relationships between academia and practice, a forum to address contemporary issues in nursing education and practice advances, and stimulation of a reassessment of how to integrate ambulatory, transitional, and community-based nursing into prelicensure education.

[Validating the Spanish version of the Nursing Activities Score]. / Validación de la versión en castellano del Nursing Activities Score.

INTRODUCTION: Validating workload scores ensures that they are appropriate for the purpose for which they were developed. OBJECTIVE: To validate the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) Spanish version. METHODOLOGY: Observational and prospective study. 1,045 patients who were admitted to a medical-surgical unit and a serious burns unit in 2006 were included. The nurse in charge assessed patient workloads by Nine Equivalent of Nursing Manpower use Score and NAS. To assess the internal consistency of the measurements of NAS, item-test correlations, Cronbach's α and Cronbach's α corrected by omitting each of the items were calculated. The intraobserver and interobserver reliability were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient by viewing recordings and Kappa (interobserver reliability) was estimated. For the analysis of internal validity, a factorial principal components analysis was performed. Convergent validity was assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient values obtained from the Nine Equivalent of Nursing Manpower use Score and Spanish-NAS scales. RESULTS: For internal consistency, 164 questionnaires were analysed and a Cronbach's α of 0.373 was calculated. The intraclass correlation coefficient for intraobserver reliability estimate was 0.837 (95% IC: 0.466-0.950) and 0.662 (95% IC: 0.033-0.882) for interobserver reliability. The estimated kappa was 0.371. For internal validity, exploratory factor analysis showed that the first item explained 58.9% of the variance of the questionnaire. For convergent validity 1006 questionnaires were included and a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.746 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The psychometric properties of Spanish-NAS are acceptable.

Intra-hospital organ and tissue donation coordination project: cost-effectiveness and social benefits / Projeto de coordenação intra-hospitalar de doação de órgãos: custo-efetividade e benefícios sociais

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the viability of a professional specialist in intra-hospital committees of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. METHODS Epidemiological, retrospective and cross-sectional study (2003-2011 and 2008-2012), which was performed using organ donation for transplants data in the state of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil. Nine hospitals were evaluated (hospitals 1 to 9). Logistic regression was used to evaluate the differences in the number of brain death referrals and actual donors (dependent variables) after the professional specialist started work (independent variable) at the intra-hospital committee of organ and tissue donation for transplantation. To evaluate the hospital invoicing, the hourly wage of the doctor and registered nurse, according to the legislation of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, were calculated, as were the investment return and the time elapsed to do so. RESULTS Following the nursing specialist commencement on the committee, brain death referrals and the number of actual donors increased at hospital 2 (4.17 and 1.52, respectively). At hospital 7, the number of actual donors also increased from 0.005 to 1.54. In addition, after the nurse started working, hospital revenues increased by 190.0% (ranging 40.0% to 1.955%). The monthly cost for the nurse working 20 hours was US$397.97 while the doctor would cost US$3,526.67. The return on investment was 275% over the short term (0.36 years). CONCLUSIONS This paper showed that including a professional specialist in intra-hospital committees for organ and tissue donation for transplantation proved to be cost-effective. Further economic research in the area could contribute to the efficient public policy implementation of this organ and tissue harvesting model.

OBJETIVO Avaliar a viabilidade de profissional especialista em comissões intra-hospitalares de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. MÉTODOS Estudo epidemiológico, retrospectivo e transversal (2003 a 2011 e 2008 a 2012), realizado com dados de doação de órgãos para transplantes no estado de São Paulo. Foram avaliados nove hospitais (hospitais 1 a 9). Foram avaliadas, por regressão logística, diferenças em número de notificações de morte encefálica e doadores efetivos (variáveis dependentes) após a entrada do profissional especialista (variável independente) na comissão intra-hospitalar de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes. Para avaliação do faturamento hospitalar, foram calculados o salário-hora de médico e enfermeiro, conforme legislação da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, o retorno e o prazo do retorno do investimento. RESULTADOS Após a entrada de enfermeiro especialista na comissão, as notificações de morte encefálica e o número de doadores efetivos aumentaram no hospital 2 (4,17 e 1,52, respectivamente). No hospital 7, o número de doadores efetivos também aumentou de 0,005 para 1,54. E, após entrada de enfermeiro especialista, o faturamento hospitalar aumentou em 190,0% (variação de 40,0% a 1.955%). O custo mensal para 20 horas semanais do enfermeiro foi R$940,00 e, do médico, R$8.330,00. O retorno do investimento foi de 275%, em curto prazo (0,36 anos). CONCLUSÕES A inserção de profissional especialista nas comissões intra-hospitalares para captação de doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes mostra-se custo-efetiva. Novos estudos econômicos na área podem contribuir com uma política pública eficiente de implantação desse modelo de captação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes.

[Clinical nursing manpower: development and future prospects].

The significant changes in nursing manpower utilization in Taiwan over the past two decades are due in large part to the implementation of the National Health Insurance program and the rising need for long-term care. The changes have impacted clinical nursing manpower utilization in two important ways. Firstly, there has been a substantial increase in overall demand for nursing manpower. In particular, the need for clinical nurses has nearly quadrupled during this time period. Secondly, the level of difficulty involved in patient care has risen dramatically, with factors including increased disease severity and increased care quality expectations, among others. These changes, coupled with demands on nursing manpower imposed from other sectors, underpin and further exacerbate the problem of nursing manpower shortages throughout the healthcare system. To raise the quality of the nursing work environment, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) brought together Taiwan's key professional nursing organizations to promote 10 care-reform strategies, establish the nursing-aid manpower system, and create the nursing classification system as an approach to effectively attract nurses to take positions in the medical system.

Research on the nursing dynamic management according to TISS-28 in the elderly ICU / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To measure the daily nursing workload by simplified therapeutic intervention scoring system and provide information for reasonable dynamic management of nursing manpower and improving nursing service satisfaction of patients in elderly ICU.Methods 113 patients in elderly ICU were selected from July 2012 to June 2013.The Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System 28(TISS-28) was used to measure the nursing workload,reasonably arranged the nursing staff according to the daily total nursing workload.The average daily working time and service satisfaction were compared before and after the application of dynamic management of nursing manpower.Results After the application of dynamic management of nursing manpower,the average daily working time of nurses decreased,satisfactory degree of patients with nursing service increased,and satisfactory degree of medical workers with nursing manpower management also increased.Conclusions Measurement of nursing workload by TISS-28 can provide the basis for the dynamic management of nursing manpower in elderly ICU and improve satisfaction degree of medical workers.

Atribuições do enfermeiro do trabalho na prevenção de riscos ocupacionais / Attributions of the nurse of the work in the prevention of occupational risks

Objetivo - O tema em estudo retrata os profissionais atuantes em estabelecimentos de saúde que estão expostos a diversos agentes/fatores de riscos ocupacionais. Método - Realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo do tipo qualitativa no município de Santos no Departamento de Medicina Ocupacional e Departamento de Saúde do Trabalhador, participaram Enfermeiros Pós-Graduados em Enfermagem do Trabalho/ Saúde do Trabalhador. Resultados - Foram analisadas as atribuições do enfermeiro do trabalho que atua na prevenção das patologias e riscos ocupacionais, sendo utilizado para tal um questionário do tipo estruturado composto por sete questões no método qualitativo, pois se acredita que a percepção das instituições com a saúde do trabalhador é insuficiente. Conclusão - Percebeu-se que a educação continuada e permanente é de suma importância para a conscientização e adesão dos trabalhadores sobre a prevenção dos riscos ocupacionais a que estão expostos.

Objective - The subject in study portraies the operating professionals in health establishments that are displayed the diverse agents/factors of occupational risks. Method - It carried through a research of of the qualitative type in the city of Santos in the Department of Occupational Medicine and Department of Worker's Health, had participated graduate nurses in Nursing Work/Worker's Health. Results - It was analyzed the attributions of the nurse of the work that acts in the prevention of the pathologies and occupational risks, being used for such a questionnaire of the type structuralized composed for seven questions in the qualitative method, therefore it gives credit that the perception of the institutions with the health of the worker is insufficient. Conclusion - It perceived that the continued and permanent education is utmost importance for the awareness and adhesion of the workers on the prevention of the occupational risks to that they are displayed.

Analysis and countermeasure research on configuration of orthopedic nursing manpower resource in grade-Ⅲ general hospital in Shanghai / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand and analyze the situation of orthopedic nursing manpower resources in grade- Ⅲ general hospital in Shanghai and provide empirical evidence for appropriate allocation and exploitation of nursing manpower resources. Methods Data were collected by questionnaire and then underwent analysis. Results In 2009,the number of authorized beds was 1866,the actual number of open beds was 2007.The number of nurses was 595 (2 male).The ratio of ward bed and nurse were 1:0.319 and 1:0.296, calculated by the authorized beds and authorized beds, respectively.The average age of head nurses was (37.53±6.11 ) years old, average working life span was (17.87 ± 6.16) years; college degree or above accounted for 95.56%; middle professional titles accounted for 62.22%. College degree or above accounted for 75.13% in nurses, junior professional titles accounted for 92.1%; age group is mostly concentrated in the 20 to 29 years of age, accounted for 67.06%; working life span concentrated within 10 years, accounted foi 73.11%. The education level mainly is primary school in the care workers (carer), accounted for 45.83%; concentrated in the 40 to 49 years of age, accounted for 60.42%; working life span concentrated in more than 6 years, accounted for 55.21%. Conclusions There are shortage of orthopedic nursing manpower resources, unreasonable allocated structure, lack of male nurses in grade- Ⅲ general hospital in Shanghai. The management of the care workers should be standardized.

The Discussing about The Classification of Patients in Hospital and Personnel Arrangement of Nursing Staff / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective Survey the classification on diseases of patients in hospital. Discuss personnel arrange-ment of nursing staff. Methods Survey and star sickbed number,CD rate/month,nurse number accounted on nursing level and sickbed-nurse ratio in 2007, discuss personnel arrangement of nursing staff. Results It is different that the nurse number accounted by two means, Z=2.234,P=0.025. The correlation about CD rate and nurse number in theories: r=0.782,p=0.004, nurse number in theories= CD ratex0.51-17.11, F=16.543,p=0.003.Conclusion CD rate should be reasonable personnel arrangement of nursing staff.

Using the Orem self-care model in the nursing manpower management of pediatrics / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the feasibility of using the Orem self-care model in the nursing manpower management of pediatrics,and then summarized the experiences of nursing.Methods Analyzed the nursing points when using the Orem self-care model in the nursing manpower management of pediatrics,evaluated the limitation of children′s self-care,and then allocated nurses reasonable.Results The Orem self-care model was the key in the course of advance the quality of life for children,which can ameliorate the communication between the nurses and the children.Conclusion Using the Orem self-care model in the nursing manpower management of pediatrics can effective advance the nursing efficiency.