Sazón y formación: prácticas alimenticias e identidad cultural en lasfamilias afrodescendientes de la comuna ocho de Medellín / Seasoning and training: nutritional practices and cultural identity in people of african descent families of the commune eight of Medellin

Con el presente artículo se pretende construir una ruta hermenéutica que genere un acercamiento teórico frente a los cambios en las prácticas alimenticias de algunas familias ubicadas en la comuna ocho de Medellín, para comprender sus condiciones de posibilidad en la comunidad afrodescendiente que por factores personales, grupales, culturales, políticos o económicos, se han visto obligados a migrar a un contexto diferente al suyo, donde sus prácticas y estilos de vida han sufrido algunas modificaciones. En ese orden de ideas,se abordaron conceptos tales como prácticas alimenticias, familias afrodescendientes, migración y acción social que permitieron dar claridad y comprensión al tema de interés.

This article is intended to build a hermeneutic path that generates a theoretical approach to changes in the nutritional practices of some families located in the Commune Eight ofMedellin, in order to understand its conditions of possibility in the community of African descent, who for personal, group, cultural, political, or economic factors have been forced tomigrate to a context different from theirs where its practices and lifestyles have undergone some changes. Along these lines, concepts such as nutritional practices, families, people of African descent, migration, and social action, that allowed you to give clarity andunderstanding to the topic of interest, were addressed.

Crecimiento intrahospitalario de RN de muy bajo peso en el centro materno infantil: comparación con NEOCOSUR / In-hospital weight gain in very low birth weight newborns at the centro materno-infantil of Asuncion, Paraguay: comparison with the NEOCOSUR database

Objetivos: Determinar el crecimiento intrahospitalario y las prácticas alimentarias de los RNMBP en la Unidad de Neonatología de la Cátedra y Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital de Clínicas sede San Lorenzo. Metodología: Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo. Fueron incluidos los RN nacidos en el hopistal, asistidos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) con peso al nacer (PN) entre 500 y 1500 grs, de enero 2007 a diciembre 2009 seguidos desde su nacimiento hasta el alta; registrándose la evolución del peso y las prácticas alimentarias. Fueron considerados como grupo control los RNMBP de la red NEOCOSUR nacidos en el mismo periodo. Resultados: Nacieron 140 RNMBP, fueron incluidos 93 RN, la sobrevida al alta fue de 66,4%. El promedio de PN: 1187 ± 201 grs, a los 7días de vida 1091 ± 200 grs; con promedio de pérdida de 95,4 ± 5,6 grs que corresponde a 8% con relación PN; siendo la pérdida por día de 13,6 grs. A los 28 días de vida el promedio de peso fue de 1470 ± 271 grs; con variación de peso entre la semana de vida y los 28 días de 293 ± 79,4 grs, con ganancia de peso de 26,5%, correspondiendo a una ganancia estimada/día de 10,5 grs. Al alta el promedio de peso fue de 2140 ± 356 grs, con una variación de peso con relación al nacimiento de 930 ± 97 gramos, ganancia de peso de 85,3%, correspondiente a 14,5 grs de aumento/día. Recibieron NPT 69 RNMBP, los aminoácidos (AA) se iniciaron a los 2,7 ± 3,6 días y los lípidos a los 3,9 ± 3,4 días. En el NEOCOSUR, iniciaron AA a los 1,6 ± 1,8 días y lípidos a los 2 ± 1,8 días. Del total recibieron NPT 2346 RNMBP (89%). La alimentación enteral fue iniciada en la UCIN a los 4,1 ± 3,6 días y en el NEOCOSUR a los 3,2 ± 3 días. Se alcanzó el volumen de 100 ml/kg/día a los 14 ± 8 días en la UCIN, y en el NEOCOSUR a los 13,1 ± 8,4 días de vida...

Introduction: Assessing the growth and nutritional status of newborns (NB) is very important because of how strongly both factors are associated with overall health and development. Growth is associated with nutritional practices; with differences in calorie and protein intake varying according to when enteral and parenteral feeding of the VLBWI are begun. Objectives: To determine in-hospital weight gain and feeding practices for VLBWI in the Neonatal Unit of the Pediatrics Department of the Centro Materno-Infantil (CMI), of the School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción (UNA). Methodology: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study. Patients included were NB treated in the CMI Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with birth weights between 500 and 1500 grams between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2009. Their development, weight, and food intake were recorded in follow up from birth until discharge to home. VLBW newborns in the NEOCOSUR database for the same period of time served as the control group. Results: Of the 140 VLBW newborns in that time period, 93 met inclusion criteria, and their rate of survival to discharge was 66.4%. Average birth weight was 1187 ± 201 grams, while on day 7 weight was 1091 ± 200 grams: an average loss of 95.4 ± 5.6 grams, corresponding to 8% of birth weight, and a daily rate of loss of 13.6 grams per day. At 28 days of age, average weight was 1470 ± 271 grams, with weight gain from day 7 to day 28 days of 293 ± 79.4 grams, a gain of 26.5%, corresponding to an estimated gain of 10.5 grams per day. At discharge, the average weight was 2140 ± 356 grams: a variation of weight relative to birthweight of 930 ± 97 grams (85.3%), corresponding to a gain of 14.5 grams per day. Among the 69 (74%) of VLBW newborn who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN), total days of hospitalization averaged 16 ± 9.4, while amino acid supplementation was begun at 2.7 ± 3.6 days and lipids at 3.9 ± 3.4 days...

Avaliação de práticas adotadas após uma atividade educativa sobre alimentação complementar / Evaluation of practices adopted after an educational activity on complementary feeding

Objetivo: Avaliar a apreensão e aplicação de informações sobre alimentação complementar fornecidas em uma atividade educativa para mães ou cuidadores. Métodos: A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com os participantes da oficina rotineiramente realizada no Centro de Saúde do Núcleo Bandeirante – DF, na qual são discutidos os principais aspectos sobre a alimentação complementar. Utilizou-se de um roteiro, no qual obtinham-se dados sobre a alimentação das crianças e realizou-se a avaliação do peso em relação à idade das mesmas. Após a coleta dos dados, realizou-se a análise qualitativa dos mesmos. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 62 mães. A maioria das crianças encontrava- se entre 6 e 8 meses de idade. De acordo com a curva de peso para idade, 85,5% encontravam-se eutróficas, 9,5% com risco nutricional e 5% com risco de sobrepeso. Quanto às características alimentares, a maioria das crianças recebia diariamente carnes (87%), leguminosas (82%), vegetais (95%) e frutas (92%); 84% só utilizavam temperos naturais para o preparo das refeições, 84% amassavam a comida com o garfo e 89% das crianças recebiam 6 refeições ao dia. Foi igual o número e mães que ofereciam os componentes da papa salgada misturados e separados. A maioria das crianças não recebia belisques nem alimentos impróprios para a faixa etária e 63% das crianças recebiam água de 5 a 8 vezes ao dia, a maioria no copo (58%). Conclusão: Acredita-se que a maioria das informações fornecidas durante a atividade educativa tenham sido assimiladas e implementadas pelos participantes.

Objective: To assess the understanding and application of information on complementary nutrition provided by an educational activity for mothers or caretakers. Methods: The research was developed with participants of the workshop held routinely at the Health Center of Núcleo Bandeirante – Federal District, in which the main aspects on complementary nutrition are discussed. A set of guidelines was used to obtain data on children’s nutrition, in addition to their weight-for-age assessment. After collecting data, a qualitative analysis was carried out. Results: 62 mothers were interviewed. Most children were 6 to 8 months old, and, according to their weight-for-age curve, 85.5% were eutrophic, 9.5% had nutritional risk, and 5% had overweight risk. As to eating characteristics, most children received on a daily basis meats (87%), legumes (82%), vegetables (95%), and fruits (92%); 84% used only natural spices for preparing meals, 84% puréed the food with a fork, and 89% of children received 6 meals per day. Most children did not receive snacks or improper foods for their age bracket, and 63% of children received water from 5 to 8 times a day, most of them by using a glass (58%). Conclusion: It is believed that most of the information provided during the educational activity was assimilated and implemented by participants.