Displasia tanatofórica tipo II, una entidad congénita inusual. Reporte de caso / Thanatophoric dysplasia type 2, an unusual congenital disease - Case Report

Resumen La displasia tanatofórica es un defecto congènito inusual y esporádico cuyo desenlace es la muerte intrauterina o pocos días después del nacimiento. Su aparición se ha descrito en 0,2-0,5 casos de cada 10.000 nacidos vivos, y depende de la mutación del receptor del factor de crecimiento fibroblasto-3. Cuenta con dos presentaciones clínicas: tipo I y tipo II; esta última es menos frecuente y se caracteriza por el hallazgo de cráneo en hoja de trébol y micromelia con fémures rectos. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una joven multípara con hallazgo en la primera ecografía del embarazo de feto con acortamiento general de las extremidades y disminución de la osificación general, sugestiva de displasia tanatofórica tipo II, que resultó en la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo. El diagnóstico temprano en la gestación es importante para orientar la práctica médica con base en el mal pronóstico del padecimiento de esta patología.

Abstract Thanatophoric dysplasia is an unusual and sporadic congenital defect whose outcome is intrauterine death or a few days after birth. Its appearance has been described in 0.2-0.5 cases of every 10,000 live births and depends on the mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-3. It exhibits two clinical presentations, of these, the so-called type II is less frequent and is characterized by the finding of a cloverleaf skull and micromelia with straight femurs. The following is the case of a young multiparous pregnant woman with a finding in her first ultrasound of fetus pregnancy with general shortening of the limbs and decreased general ossification, suggestive of thanatophoric dysplasia type II, which resulted in the voluntary termination of pregnancy. Early diagnosis in pregnancy is important in order to guide medical practice based on the poor prognosis of suffering from this pathology.

Prenatal diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia in the second trimester of pregnancy: Two- and three- dimensional ultrasonographic findings

To present a prenatal diagnosis of diastrophic dysplasia in the second trimester of pregnancy using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography. The mother was primigravida and aged 12 years. She underwent the first 2D obstetric ultrasound examination at 27 weeks, showing bilaterally upper and lower limb micromelia, thumb and hallux in bilateral abduction, bilateral talipes equinovarus; hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine, cervical, lumbar, and sacral scoliosis; cervical hyperkyphosis with the misalignment of cervical vertebrae, and straight clavicles. 3D ultrasonography in conventional and HDlive rendering modes confirmed the changes observed in 2D ultrasonography and allowed improved understanding by the parents. At birth, the newborn presented transient respiratory distress and neonatal sepsis. At the time of writing, the child is aged 31 months and under follow-up by the pediatrics department. 3D ultrasound allowed the parents to understand the fetal malformations better, and they received adequate counseling.

Afectación respiratoria en paciente con acrodisostosis: una asociación infrecuente de una enfermedad rara / Respiratory impairment in a patient with acrodysostosis: A rare association of an uncommon pathology

La acrodisostosis es una displasia esquelética rara, de herencia autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por la presencia de disostosis facial y periférica, talla baja y diferentes grados de obesidad. La acrodisostosis de tipo 1, secundaria a la mutación heterocigota en el gen PRKAR1A (17q24.2), se caracteriza por la asociación de resistencia hormonal múltiple con anomalías esqueléticas. Su incidencia está infradiagnosticada debido a que comparte rasgos clínicos y de laboratorio con otras entidades como el seudohipoparatiroidismo. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 8 años, con acrodisostosis tipo 1, confirmada mediante estudio genético. Además del fenotipo característico descrito, la talla baja y la resistencia hormonal, la paciente presentó una afectación progresiva de la función pulmonar: un patrón pulmonar obstructivo no reversible. En la literatura revisada, no se han encontrado otros casos que describan esta asociación entre acrodisostosis y afectación respiratoria.

Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal displasia, of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the presence of facial and peripheral dysostosis, short stature and obesity. Type 1 acrodysostosis is secondary to a mutation in the PRKAR1A (17q24.2) gene, which results in multi hormonal resistance and skeletal anomalities. This syndrome is under-diagnosed as it shares analytical and clinical characteristics with other entities, such as pseudohypoparathyroidism. We report the case of an eight-year-old girl with genetically confirmed type 1 acrodysostosis. In addition to the characteristic phenotype described, the short stature and the hormonal resistance, the patient suffered a progressive lung function deterioration: an irreversible pulmonary obstructive pattern. We have not found in previous literature cases reporting an association between acrodysostosis and lung function impairement.

[Respiratory impairment in a patient with acrodysostosis: A rare association of an uncommon pathology]. / Afectación respiratoria en paciente con acrodisostosis: una asociación infrecuente de una enfermedad rara.

Acrodysostosis is a rare skeletal displasia, of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by the presence of facial and peripheral dysostosis, short stature and obesity. Type 1 acrodysostosis is secondary to a mutation in the PRKAR1A (17q24.2) gene, which results in multi hormonal resistance and skeletal anomalities. This syndrome is under-diagnosed as it shares analytical and clinical characteristics with other entities, such as pseudohypoparathyroidism. We report the case of an eight-year-old girl with genetically confirmed type 1 acrodysostosis. In addition to the characteristic phenotype described, the short stature and the hormonal resistance, the Afectación respiratoria en paciente con acrodisostosis: una asociación infrecuente de una enfermedad rara Respiratory impairment in a patient with acrodysostosis: A rare association of an uncommon pathology patient suffered a progressive lung function deterioration: an irreversible pulmonary obstructive pattern. We have not found in previous literature cases reporting an association between acrodysostosis and lung function impairement.

La acrodisostosis es una displasia esquelética rara, de herencia autosómica dominante, que se caracteriza por la presencia de disostosis facial y periférica, talla baja y diferentes grados de obesidad. La acrodisostosis de tipo 1, secundaria a la mutación heterocigota en el gen PRKAR1A (17q24.2), se caracteriza por la asociación de resistencia hormonal múltiple con anomalías esqueléticas. Su incidencia está infradiagnosticada debido a que comparte rasgos clínicos y de laboratorio con otras entidades como el seudohipoparatiroidismo. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 8 años, con acrodisostosis tipo 1, confirmada mediante estudio genético. Además del fenotipo característico descrito, la talla baja y la resistencia hormonal, la paciente presentó una afectación progresiva de la función pulmonar: un patrón pulmonar obstructivo no reversible. En la literatura revisada, no se han encontrado otros casos que describan esta asociación entre acrodisostosis y afectación respiratoria.

Manejo quirúrgico de la duplicación patelar bilateral en displasia epifisiaria múltiple recesiva. Reporte de caso / Surgical management of bilateral duplication of the patella in multiple recessive epiphyseal dysplasia. A case report

Introducción La displasia epifisiaria múltiple (DEM) es una enfermedad poco frecuente y con gran variedad clínica y se caracteriza por deformidades en las articulaciones, dolor, y trastornos de la marcha. La duplicación patelar se asocia con DEM recesiva y consiste en dos segmentos patelares escalonados separados por tejido blando entre ellos. Caso clínico Paciente masculino de 30 años con cuadro clínico de DEM recesiva con duplicación patelar, presenta dolor crónico bilateral de cadera y rodilla, y trastorno de la marcha. Tras el examen físico, se evidenció derrame articular, dificultad para la flexión de las rodillas y un cuerpo libre intra-articular bilateral. Se identificaron dos segmentos patelares, displasia acetabular y de cabeza femoral bilateral con imágenes diagnósticas. El manejo quirúrgico de la duplicación patelar fue resección de los segmentos óseos accesorios, conduciendo a un resultado clínico satisfactorio al año de seguimiento. Discusión Aunque no se realiza el diagnóstico genético de la DEM, nuestro paciente presenta las características fenotípicas y radiológicas de esta entidad. Para la duplicación patelar, se realizó la resección de las patelas accesorias, considerando el alto riesgo de no unión. Sin embargo, existen varios reportes donde unieron los dos segmentos patelares, pero principalmente en niños. Este es el primer reporte publicado sobre el manejo quirúrgico de esta patología en Colombia. La duplicación patelar puede manejarse con éxito mediante la resección de la patela accesoria en adultos. Aunque los hallazgos imagenológicos son muy sugestivos de esta patología, se requiere un adecuado examen físico para evitar un diagnóstico equivoco y tardío.

Background Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a rare disease with a great clinical variation, and is characterised by deformities in the joints, pain, and gait disorders. Duplication of the patella is associated with recessive MED, and consists of two staggered patellar segments separated by soft tissue between them. Clinical case A 30-years-old male patient with a clinical manifestation of recessive MED with duplication of the patella, chronic bilateral hip and knee pain, as well as gait disorder. After the physical examination, joint effusion, difficulty in flexing the knees, and a bilateral intra-articular free body were evident. Two patellar segments, acetabular dysplasia and bilateral femoral head, were identified with diagnostic imaging. The surgical management of duplication of the patella was resection of the accessory bone segments, leading to a satisfactory clinical result at one year of follow-up. Discussion Although the genetic diagnosis of the MED was not made, our patient presented with the phenotypic and radiological characteristics of this disease. For duplication of the patella, the accessory patella resection was performed, considering the high risk of non-union. However, there are several reports where the two patellar segments are joined; but mainly in children. This is the first report published about the surgical management of this pathology in Colombia. Duplication of the patella can be managed successfully by resecting accessory patella in adults. Although the imaging findings are very suggestive of this pathology, an adequate physical examination is required to avoid a false and late diagnosis.

Bone dysplasias in 1.6 million births in Argentina.

Currently accepted birth prevalence for osteochondrodysplasias (OCDs) is about 2 per 10,000 births. Our main goal is to estimate the prevalence of OCDs in Argentina and compare it with other surveillance systems. We examined 1,663,610 births among 160 hospitals of RENAC (Red Nacional de Anomalías Congénitas - National Network of Congenital Anomalies) between November 2009 and December 2016. Cases were detected and registered according to a pre-established protocol, ranked in three diagnostic evidence levels according to available clinical documentation, and categorized according to the 9th edition of the nosology and classification of genetic skeletal disorders. Within our dataset, the most frequent groups were Group-1 (FGFR3, chondrodysplasia) and Group-25 (Osteogenesis Imperfecta and decreased bone density). Birth prevalence per 10,000 for the main OCD types, were: Achondroplasia 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38-0.59), Thanatophoric Dysplasia 0.37 (95% CI: 0.29-0.48), and the Osteogenesis Imperfecta group 0.34 (95% CI: 0.26-0.44). For total OCD, birth prevalence was 2.20 per 10.000 births (95% CI: 1.98-2.44). RENAC prevalence of total OCDs was found to be lower than that reported by the Latin-American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC) and Utah Birth Defect Network but higher than EUROCAT. Our investigation is the first study of OCD prevalence in Argentina using data from every jurisdiction of the country.

Displasia epifisaria con falanges en forma de ángel: Caso clínico / Angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia: Case report

Se describe una patología de aparición poco frecuente y esporádica que se caracteriza por deformidad en cuello de cisne en las manos, artrosis de cadera en la adultez, retardo en la edad ósea y malformaciones de las falanges medias, en forma de ángel. El paciente es un niño de 4 años de edad que sufrió un traumatismo de mano, por lo cual se le realizó una radiografía donde se observaron falanges con forma de ángel. A partir de este hallazgo, se obtuvieron otras radiografías y se diagnosticó una displasia epifisaria con falanges en forma de ángel. A raíz de este diagnóstico en el niño y de consultas con el Servicio de Genética, se diagnosticó el mismo síndrome en la madre.

We describe a rare and sporadic condition, characterized by swan neck deformity in hands, hip osteoarthritis in adulthood and malformations of the middle phalanges with an angel shape. The patient is a 4 year old boy who suffered hand trauma and on x-ray examination he was diagnosed with angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia. Based on this diagnosis, his mother, who suffered from constant pain in her hips and lower limbs, was diagnosed with this syndrome as well.

[Angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia: case report]. / Displasia epifisaria con falanges en forma de ángel: caso clínico.

We describe a rare and sporadic condition, characterized by swan neck deformity in hands, hip osteoarthritis in adulthood and malformations of the middle phalanges with an angel shape. The patient is a 4 year old boy who suffered hand trauma and on x-ray examination he was diagnosed with angel-shaped phalango-epiphyseal dysplasia. Based on this diagnosis, his mother, who suffered from constant pain in her hips and lower limbs, was diagnosed with this syndrome as well.

Se describe una patología de aparición poco frecuente y esporádica que se caracteriza por deformidad en cuello de cisne en las manos, artrosis de cadera en la adultez, retardo en la edad ósea y malformaciones de las falanges medias, en forma de ángel. El paciente es un niño de 4 años de edad que sufrió un traumatismo de mano, por lo cual se le realizó una radiografía donde se observaron falanges con forma de ángel. A partir de este hallazgo, se obtuvieron otras radiografías y se diagnosticó una displasia epifisaria con falanges en forma de ángel. A raíz de este diagnóstico en el niño y de consultas con el Servicio de Genética, se diagnosticó el mismo síndrome en la madre

Rare case of nephrotic syndrome: Schimke syndrome / Caso raro de síndrome nefrótica: síndrome de Schimke

Abstract Schimke syndrome corresponds to dysplasia of bone and immunity, associated with progressive renal disease secondary to nephrotic syndrome cortico-resistant, with possible other abnormalities such as hypothyroidism and blond marrow aplasia. It is a rare genetic disorder, with few reports in the literature. The most frequent renal involvement is nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and progressive renal failure. The objective of this study was to report a case of Schimke syndrome, diagnostic investigation and management of the case.

Resumo A síndrome Schimke corresponde à displasia imuno-óssea, associada à doença renal progressiva secundária à síndrome nefrótica córtico-resistente, podendo haver outras anormalidades como hipotireoidismo e aplasia de medula óssea. Trata-se de uma patologia genética rara, com poucos relatos na literatura. O acometimento renal mais frequente é uma síndrome nefrótica por glomeruloesclerose segmentar e focal e falência renal progressiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de síndrome de Schimke, investigação diagnóstica e condução do caso.

Displasia cefaloesquelética (Síndrome de Taybi-Linder): Presentación de un caso y consideraciones anestésicas / Cephaloskeletal dysplasia (Taybi-Linder syndrome): Case report and anesthetic considerations

Introduction: Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (or Taybi-Linder syndrome) is a rare disease characterized by bone and central nervous system malformations, in addition to intrauterine retardation. Case presentation: 20-year-old patient operated on for adhesiolysis and enteropexy due to bowel obstruction from post surgical adhesions. Conclusion: The anesthetic considerations in these patients include the potential airway impairment secondary to facial malformations and neurological complications, primarily seizures.

Introducción: El enanismo microcefálico osteodisplásico primario (o síndrome de Taybi- Linder) es una infrecuente enfermedad caracterizada por malformaciones óseas, del sistema nervioso central y crecimiento intrauterino retardado. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 20 años intervenida de adhesiolisis y pexia intestinal por un cuadro de obstrucción intestinal por bridas postquirúrgicas. Conclusión: Como consideraciones anestésicas de estos pacientes destacamos las posibles alteraciones de la vía aérea secundarias a las malformaciones faciales y las complicaciones neurológicas, principalmente crisis convulsivas.

Clinical and molecular characterization of a Brazilian cohort of campomelic dysplasia patients, and identification of seven new SOX9 mutations.

Campomelic dysplasia (CD) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited, skeletal abnormality belonging to the subgroup of bent bone dysplasias. In addition to bowed lower limbs, CD typically includes the following: disproportionate short stature, flat face, micrognathia, cleft palate, bell-shaped thorax, and club feet. Up to three quarters of 46, XY individuals may be sex-reversed. Radiological signs include scapular and pubic hypoplasia, narrow iliac wings, spaced ischia, and bowed femora and tibiae. Lethal CD is usually due to heterozygous mutations in SOX9, a major regulator of chondrocytic development. We present a detailed clinical and molecular characterization of nine Brazilian CD patients. Infants were either stillborn (n = 2) or died shortly after birth and presented similar phenotypes. Sex-reversal was observed in one of three chromosomally male patients. Sequencing of SOX9 revealed new heterozygous mutations in seven individuals. Six patients had mutations that resulted in premature transcriptional termination, while one infant had a single-nucleotide substitution at the conserved splice-site acceptor of intron 1. No clear genotype-phenotype correlations were observed. This study highlights the diversity of SOX9 mutations leading to lethal CD, and expands the group of known genetic alterations associated with this skeletal dysplasia.

Condrodisplasia metafisaria tipo Schmid: un caso de presentación familiar / Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia: a case of familial presentation

Resumen: dentro de las displasias óseas hay cuadros clínicos que hacen parte de las denominadas condrodisplasias metafisarias, conocidas también como disostosis metafisarias, las cuales presentan mínimas diferencias entre sí, lo que las hace susceptibles de ser confundidas con otros cuadros clínicos como la acondroplasia y el raquitismo. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de condrodisplasiametafisaria tipo Schmid de un paciente de Popayán, Colombia, al igual que algunas consideracionessobre las principales características clínicas, radiológicas, de diagnóstico y tipo de herencia de esta enfermedad. El caso clínico corresponde a un paciente de género masculino de 23 meses de edad, en quien se inician estudios por la presencia de talla baja desproporcionada. Los resultados mostraron coxa vara, genu varo y extremidades cortas, con un fenotipo similar en la madre y el abuelo materno. Las radiografías evidencian la presencia de irregularidad con “deshilachamiento” de las metáfisis de huesos largos; además, ensanchamiento y esclerosis en las metáfisis proximales de ambos fémur. La meta final es ser confirmado por medio de pruebas genéticas. En conclusión, las condrodisplasias metafisarias, especialmente la tipo Schmid, son enfermedades caracterizadas por talla baja y hallazgos radiológicos especiales, dados principalmente por el compromiso metafisario a nivel de los huesos largos, que en conjunto con las características fenotípicas pueden conducir a la sospecha e identificación de este tipo de patología.

Abstract: between the dysplastic bone pathologies there are some medical conditions that belong to so-called metaphyseal chondrodysplasias, also known as metaphyseal dysostosis. These differ slightly from each other, making them capable of being confused with other medical conditions such as achondroplasia and rickets. This article presents a case of Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasiafrom Popayan, Colombia, as well as some considerations about the main clinical characteristics, radiological, diagnosis, and type of inheritance of this disease. The clinical case corresponds to a male patient, 23 months old, who was studied by the presence of disproportionate short stature. Findings showed coxa vara, genu varus, and short limbs, with similar phenotype to the mother and maternal grandfather. The radiological images showed the presence of irregularity with ®fraying¼ of the metaphysis of long bones, in addition to widening and sclerosis in the proximal metaphysis of both femurs. The ultimate goal is to be confirmed by genetic testing. In conclusion, the metaphyseal chondrodysplasias, especially Schmid type, are diseases characterized by short stature and by special radiological findings, mainly given by the metaphyseal affectation of long bones, which together with the phenotypic characteristics may lead to the suspicion and identification of this disease.Keywords: Schmid type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, osteochondrodysplasias, collagen type.

What is new in genetics and osteogenesis imperfecta classification? / O que há de novo em genética e classificação de osteogênese imperfeita?

OBJECTIVE: Literature review of new genes related to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and update of its classification. SOURCES: Literature review in the PubMed and OMIM databases, followed by selection of relevant references. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: In 1979, Sillence et al. developed a classification of OI subtypes based on clinical features and disease severity: OI type I, mild, common, with blue sclera; OI type II, perinatal lethal form; OI type III, severe and progressively deforming, with normal sclera; and OI type IV, moderate severity with normal sclera. Approximately 90% of individuals with OI are heterozygous for mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, with dominant pattern of inheritance or sporadic mutations. After 2006, mutations were identified in the CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SP7, WNT1, BMP1, and TMEM38B genes, associated with recessive OI and mutation in the IFITM5 gene associated with dominant OI. Mutations in PLS3 were recently identified in families with osteoporosis and fractures, with X-linked inheritance pattern. In addition to the genetic complexity of the molecular basis of OI, extensive phenotypic variability resulting from individual loci has also been documented. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the discovery of new genes and limited genotype-phenotype correlation, the use of next-generation sequencing tools has become useful in molecular studies of OI cases. The recommendation of the Nosology Group of the International Society of Skeletal Dysplasias is to maintain the classification of Sillence as the prototypical form, universally accepted to classify the degree of severity in OI, while maintaining it free from direct molecular reference. .

OBJETIVO: Revisão da literatura sobre novos genes relacionados à osteogênese imperfeita (OI) e atualização da sua classificação. FONTE DOS DADOS : Revisão nas bases de dados do PUBMED e OMIM com seleção de referências relevantes. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Sillence et al., em 1979, desenvolveram uma classificação dos subtipos de OI baseada em características clínicas e gravidade da doença: OI tipo I, forma leve, comum, com escleras azuladas; OI tipo II, forma perinatal letal; OI tipo III, forma grave e progressivamente deformante com esclera normal; e OI tipo IV, forma de gravidade moderada com esclera normal. Cerca de 90% dos indivíduos com OI são heterozigotos para mutações em COL1A1 e COL1A2, com padrão de herança dominante ou esporádico. A partir de 2006 foram identificadas mutações nos genes CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SP7, WNT1, BMP1 e TMEM38B associadas à OI recessiva e mutação em IFITM5 associada à OI dominante. Mutações em PLS3 foram identificadas recentemente em famílias com osteoporose e fraturas, com padrão de herança ligado ao X. Além da complexidade genética das bases moleculares das OI, extensa variabilidade fenotípica resultante de loci individuais também tem sido documentada. CONCLUSÕES: Face à descoberta de novos genes e à correlação genótipo-fenótipo limitada, o uso de ferramentas de sequenciamento de nova geração torna-se útil no estudo molecular de casos de OI. A recomendação do Grupo de Nosologia da Sociedade Internacional de Displasias Esqueléticas é manter a classificação de Sillence como a forma prototípica e universalmente aceita para classificar o grau de gravidade na OI, e libertá-la de referência ...

What is new in genetics and osteogenesis imperfecta classification?

OBJECTIVE: Literature review of new genes related to osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and update of its classification. SOURCES: Literature review in the PubMed and OMIM databases, followed by selection of relevant references. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: In 1979, Sillence et al. developed a classification of OI subtypes based on clinical features and disease severity: OI type I, mild, common, with blue sclera; OI type II, perinatal lethal form; OI type III, severe and progressively deforming, with normal sclera; and OI type IV, moderate severity with normal sclera. Approximately 90% of individuals with OI are heterozygous for mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, with dominant pattern of inheritance or sporadic mutations. After 2006, mutations were identified in the CRTAP, FKBP10, LEPRE1, PLOD2, PPIB, SERPINF1, SERPINH1, SP7, WNT1, BMP1, and TMEM38B genes, associated with recessive OI and mutation in the IFITM5 gene associated with dominant OI. Mutations in PLS3 were recently identified in families with osteoporosis and fractures, with X-linked inheritance pattern. In addition to the genetic complexity of the molecular basis of OI, extensive phenotypic variability resulting from individual loci has also been documented. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the discovery of new genes and limited genotype-phenotype correlation, the use of next-generation sequencing tools has become useful in molecular studies of OI cases. The recommendation of the Nosology Group of the International Society of Skeletal Dysplasias is to maintain the classification of Sillence as the prototypical form, universally accepted to classify the degree of severity in OI, while maintaining it free from direct molecular reference.

Report of a novel mutation in the SLC26A2 gene found in a Colombian adult patient with diastrophic dysplasia / Reporte de una nueva mutación en el gen SLC26A2 en un paciente adulto colombiano con displasia diastrófica

Summary Background. Diastrophic dysplasia is an osteochondrodysplasia belonging to the group of dysplasias caused by mutations in the diastrophic dysplasia sulfate transporter. This sindrome is a micromelic dysplasia with multiple bone deformities of the hands, feet, knees and spine. Objective. Describe the first report of diastrophic displasia in Colombia Materials and methods. In this paper a Colombian adult patient with diastrophic dysplasia whose clinical diagnosis was confirmed at the molecular level is reported. Results. In this first report of diastrophic dysplasia in Colombia we found that the patient was compound heterozygote for the already reported Arg279Trp substitution and an unpublished mutation, a Ser157Thr substitution in the SLC26A2 gene. Conclusion. Bioinformatic analysis on the latter mutation suggested that it could correspond to a deleterious mutation because it is in a highly conserved domain of the sulfate transporter.

Resumen Antecedentes. La displasia diastrófica es una osteocondrodisplasia que pertenece al grupo de las enfermedades genéticas del esqueleto causadas por mutaciones en los transportadores de sulfato. Se presenta como una displasia micromélica con afectación de múltiples huesos y deformidades en manos, pies, rodillas y columna vertebral. Objetivo. Describir el primer reporte de displasia diastrófica en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se reporta un adulto colombiano con esta displasia, con confirmación clínica, radiológica y molecular. Resultados. En este primer reporte colombiano, se encontró que la paciente presentó una mutación heterocigota compuesta, de Arg279Trp y Ser157Thr, esta última no reportada previamente, en el gen SLC26A2. Conclusión. El análisis bioinformático de la mutación nueva sugiere que podría corresponder a una mutación deletérea dado que el dominio afectado en el transportador de sulfatos es altamente conservado.

Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome: a paediatric dentistry approach / Síndrome de Schwartz-Jampel: uma abordagem odontopediátrica

Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare recessive disorder characterized mainly by myotonia. As the clinical signs and symptoms are manifested in the oromaxillofacial region, paediatric dentists may be first choice of parents that seek information and assistance to their children. A female patient diagnosed with SJS was brought to our clinic for dental treatment with main complain of difficulty on oral hygiene and mastication due to tooth crowding. The treatment included preventive measures, extraction of a supernumerary tooth and the maxillary primary second molars. Furthermore, the patient was referred to orthodontic treatment for correction of tooth crowding. When dealing with children with confirmed diagnosis of SSJ, paediatric dentists should be understand the need of planning the dental treatment considering the characteristics and possible complications associated with the syndrome in order to reduce the risks to patients, especially when surgical procedures are necessary

A síndrome de Schwartz Jampel (SSJ) é uma desordem autossômica recessiva rara, caracterizada principalmente pela miotonia. Desde que alguns dos sinais clínicos e sintomas são manifestados na região oromaxilofacial, o odontopediatra pode ser o primeiro profissional a se deparar com um paciente portador desta síndrome. Um paciente do sexo feminino diagnosticado com SJS procurou a nossa clínica para tratamento dental com queixa principal de dificuldade na realização da higiene oral e mastigação, devido ao mau posicionamento dentário. O tratamento incluiu medidas preventivas, extração de um dente supranumerário e dos segundos molares decíduos e encaminhamento para tratamento ortodôntico. Quando uma criança possui o diagnóstico confirmado para SSJ, o odontopediatra deve ter conhecimento específico para planejar e realizar o tratamento odontológico de forma adequada, considerando as características da síndrome e as possíveis complicações associadas, a fim de reduzir os riscos ao paciente, especialmente quando procedimentos cirúrgicos são necessários.

Síndrome otopalatodigital tipo II, aproximación prenatal y diagnóstico clínico de un caso complejo de displasia ósea / Prenatal diagnosis of otopalatodigital syndrome type 2

El síndrome otopalatodigital tipo 2 (OPD2), es una rara entidad con herencia recesiva ligada al cromosoma X, letal, caracterizada por facies anormales con hipoplasia centrofacial, hipertelorismo ocular, paladar hendido, talla baja, huesos largos curvos, sindactilia en pies y manos y anomalías óseas. Usualmente originadas en mutaciones en el gen de la filamina A (FLNA). Se reporta un caso, con diagnóstico prenatal de osteocondrodisplasia que posteriormente por hallazgos al examen físico y radiológicos del recién nacido se clasifico como síndrome otopalatodigital tipo 2.

Otopalatodigital syndrome, type 2 (OPD2), is a rare entity with recessive heredity linked to the X chromosome, lethal, characterized by abnormal facies, with centro-facial hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, cleft palate, low height, curved long bones, syndactyly, and osseous anomalies on feet and hands. It has been recently shown that patients with OPD2 with mutations in the filamin A gene (FLNA), which is also found altered in allelic entities like the OPD1 syndrome, the Melnik-Needles syndrome and frontometaphyseal dysplasia. Herein, we report a case with prenatal osteochondrodysplasia diagnosis that after physical and radiological exam of the newborn was classified as otopalatodigital syndrome type 2.

Melorreostosis de la mano en un paciente pediátrico / Melorheostosis of the hand in a pediatric patient

La melorreostosis es una rara displasia ósea benigna esclerosante.Su etiología es desconocida y ambos sexos pueden verse afectados. Los huesos largos de las extremidades inferiores y los tejidos blandos adyacentes son los más frecuentementeinvolucrados. La enfermedad se presenta raramente en los miembros superiores y se han comunicado muy pocos casos localizados en la mano. Comunicamos el caso de una niña de 7años de edad que presenta características típicas de melorreostosisen la mano derecha. El diagnóstico se realizó mediante radiografía convencional y gammagrafía ósea. La resonancia magnética contribuyó a la evaluación de las lesiones en partesblandas. El tratamiento médico permitió aliviar el dolor y mejorar la movilidad. Como la melorreostosis tiene una tendencia variable hacia la progresión de las lesiones y asociación conpatologías tumorales, se recomienda un estricto control periódicode estos pacientes.

Melorheostosis is a rare benign sclerosing bone dysplasia. Its etiology is unknown. Both sexes can be affected. Sites most frequently involved are the long bones of the lower limbs andthe adjacent soft tissue structures. The disease is unusual in the upper limbs, and few cases have been reported in the hand. We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who had typical featuresof melorheostosis in the right hand. Diagnosis was made by conventional radiography and bone scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance contributed to the assessment of soft tissue lesions.Medical treatment allowed pain relief and range of motion improvement. Because melorheostosis has a variable tendency towards progression and association with tumors, a close follow-up of these patients is recommended.

Diagnóstico pré-natal de displasia camptomélica: relato de caso / Prenatal diagnosis of camptomelic dysplasia: a case report

A displasia camptomélica pertence a um grupo heterogêneo e raro de displasias esqueléticas letais, que se caracterizam pelo desenvolvimento anormal dos ossos e das cartilagens. É causada por uma mutação no gene Sox9 (SRY-like HMG [high-mobility group] BOX 9) do cromossomo 17 e transmitida pela via autossômica dominante. Apresenta como principais características o encurtamento e o encurvamento dos ossos longos, principalmente nos membros inferiores. Também está associada a outras graves malformações esqueléticas e extra-esqueléticas. O estudo do cariótipo pode revelar incompatibilidade entre o genótipo e o fenótipo genital. A maioria dos portadores morre nos períodos fetal e neonatal precoce. A ultra-sonografia é essencial para a elucidação diagnóstica pré-natal.

Camptomelic dysplasia belongs to a heterogeneous and rare group of lethal skeletal dysplasias, characterized by abnormal development of bones and cartilages. It is caused by a mutation in gene Sox9 (SRY-like HMG [high-mobility group] BOX 9) of chromosome 17 and it is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Its main characteristics are the shortening and bowing of the long bones, principally the lower limbs. It is also associated with other severe skeletal and extraskeletal malformations. Karyotype study may reveal sex reversal. The majority of carriers die during the fetal and early neonatal periods. Ultrasound is essential to elucidate a prenatal diagnosis.