The Results of Rigid Titanium Plate Reinforcement and Only Conventional Wire Methods in Sternal Fixation in Morbidly Obese Patients.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to compare the clinical results and complications of rigid titanium plate reinforcement and only conventional wire methods for sternum fixation in morbidly obese patients who underwent sternotomy for open-heart surgery. METHODS: The study was planned as a retrospective case-control study. Morbidly obese patients who underwent open-heart surgery with median sternotomy between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of characteristics of the patients (P≥0.05). Sternal dehiscence, sternum revision, wound drainage, and mediastinitis were significantly less common in the titanium plate group (P≤0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of 30-day mortality (P≥0.05). CONCLUSION: Rigid titanium plate reinforcement application produced more positive clinical results than only conventional wire application. In addition, it was determined that although the rigid titanium plate application prolonged the operation time, it did not make a significant difference in terms of mortality and morbidity compared to the conventional wire applied group.

Residual gastric volume in morbidly obese diabetics after an overnight fasting or 3 hours of a carbohydrate-enriched supplement: a randomized crossover pilot study / Volume gástrico residual em diabéticos obesos mórbidos após jejum noturno ou 3 horas de suplemento enriquecido com carboidratos: um estudo piloto cruzado randomizado

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: To reduce the risk of regurgitation during anesthesia for elective procedures, residual gastric volumes (RGV) have traditionally been minimized by overnight fasting. Prolonged preoperative fasting presents some adverse consequences and has been abandoned for most surgical procedures, except for obese and/or diabetic patients. AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the RGV in morbidly obese diabetic patients after traditional or abbreviated fasting. METHODS: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Human Beings from the Federal University of Mato Grosso, under number 179.017/2012. This is a prospective, randomized, and crossover design study in eight morbidly obese type II diabetic patients. RGV was measured endoscopically after either traditional overnight fasting of at least 8 hours, or after abbreviated fasting of 6 hours for solids and 3 hours for a drink containing water plus 25 g (12.5%) of maltodextrin. Data were expressed as mean and range and differences were compared with paired t-tests at p<0.05. RESULTS: The study population had a mean age of 41.5 years (28-53), weight of 135 kg (113-196), body mass index of 48.2 kg/m2 (40-62.4), and type II diabetes for 4.5 years (1-10). The RGV after abbreviated fasting was 21.5 ml (5-40) vs 26.3 ml (7-65) after traditional fasting. This difference was not significant (p=0.82). CONCLUSIONS: Gastric emptying in morbidly obese diabetic patients is similar after either traditional or abbreviated fasting with a carbohydrate drink.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Para reduzir o risco de regurgitação durante a anestesia para procedimentos eletivos, os volumes gástricos residuais (VRG) têm sido tradicionalmente minimizados com jejum noturno. O jejum pré-operatório prolongado tem algumas consequências adversas e tem sido abandonado para a maioria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos, com exceção de pacientes obesos e/ou diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o VRG em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos após jejum tradicional ou abreviado. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, sob o número 179.017/2012. Este é um projeto prospectivo, randomizado e cruzado em 8 pacientes diabéticos tipo II com obesidade mórbida. O VRG foi medido endoscopicamente após jejum noturno tradicional (pelo menos 8 horas) ou após jejum abreviado (6 horas para sólidos e 3 horas para uma bebida contendo água mais 25 g (12,5%) de maltodextrina). Os dados são expressos como média e variação e as diferenças foram comparadas com testes t pareados em p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A população estudada tinha 41,5 (28-53) anos de idade, peso médio de 135 (113-196) kg, índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 48,2 (40-62,4) kg/m2 e diabetes tipo II de 4,5 (1-10) anos. O VRG após o jejum abreviado foi de 21,5 (5-40) ml versus 26,3 (7-65) ml após o jejum tradicional. Essa diferença não foi significativa (p=0,82). CONCLUSÕES: O esvaziamento gástrico em pacientes diabéticos obesos mórbidos é semelhante após jejum tradicional ou abreviado com uma bebida com carboidrato.

The Results of Rigid Titanium Plate Reinforcement and Only Conventional Wire Methods in Sternal Fixation in Morbidly Obese Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction: In this study, it was aimed to compare the clinical results and complications of rigid titanium plate reinforcement and only conventional wire methods for sternum fixation in morbidly obese patients who underwent sternotomy for open-heart surgery. Methods: The study was planned as a retrospective case-control study. Morbidly obese patients who underwent open-heart surgery with median sternotomy between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of characteristics of the patients (P≥0.05). Sternal dehiscence, sternum revision, wound drainage, and mediastinitis were significantly less common in the titanium plate group (P≤0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of 30-day mortality (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Rigid titanium plate reinforcement application produced more positive clinical results than only conventional wire application. In addition, it was determined that although the rigid titanium plate application prolonged the operation time, it did not make a significant difference in terms of mortality and morbidity compared to the conventional wire applied group.

Validity of the brazilian-portuguese version of moorehead-ardelt quality of life questionnaire ii among patients with severe obesity / Validade da versão em português-brasileiro do questionário moorehead-ardelt quality of life-ii em pacientes com obesidade grave

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Patients with obesity present multiple comorbid psychiatric conditions and experience impairments in health-related quality of life. Reliable and valid tools that evaluate health-related quality of life are essential for clinical practice. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the six-item Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II among Brazilian patients with severe obesity. METHODS: We assessed 387 patients (mean age 43 years, 78.8% women, mean body mass index of 46.5 kg/m²) on the waiting list of a bariatric surgery center. Trained research assistants concurrently applied the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II, the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Global Assessment of Functioning for assessing health-related quality of life, comorbid depressive symptoms, and patient functioning level, respectively. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II was considered acceptable. The total score was correlated with the severity of depressive symptoms and functioning level. The more body mass index increases, the more health-related quality of life worsens. The Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II presented a unidimensional structure. CONCLUSIONS: The unidimensional Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II is a reliable and valid measure for evaluating health-related quality of life in Brazilian patients with severe obesity. The questionnaire allows to quickly assess the health-related quality of life of patients in different bariatric contexts, considering depression and functional level.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Pacientes com obesidade apresentam múltiplas condições psiquiátricas comórbidas e experienciam prejuízos na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Ferramentas confiáveis e válidas que avaliam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde são essenciais para a prática clínica. OBJETIVOS: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a confiabilidade e validade do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II de seis itens entre pacientes com obesidade grave. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 387 pacientes (idade média de 43 anos, 78,8% mulheres, índice de massa corporal (IMC) médio de 46,5 kg/m², na lista de espera de um centro cirurgia bariátrica. Assistentes de pesquisa treinados aplicaram simultaneamente o Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II, a Escala de Depressão de Montgomery-Åsberg e a Avaliação Global do Funcionamento para avaliar, respectivamente, a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, os sintomas depressivos comórbidos e o nível funcional do paciente. RESULTADOS: A consistência interna do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II foi considerada aceitável. A pontuação total do Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II foi correlacionada com a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos e nível funcional. Quanto maior o IMC, menor a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. O Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II apresentou uma estrutura unidimensional. CONCLUSÕES: O questionário Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life-II unidimensional é confiável e válido na avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes brasileiros com obesidade grave. O questionário permite avaliar rapidamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde dos pacientes em diferentes contextos, considerando depressão e nível funcional.

Laparoscopic and laparotomy bariatric surgery in a public hospital in brazil: are there differences in costs and complications? / Cirurgia bariátrica laparoscópica e convencional em hospital público no brasil: há diferenças nos custos e complicações?

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Despite its increasing popularity, laparoscopy is not the option for bariatric surgeries performed in the Brazilian public health system. AIMS: To compare laparotomy and laparoscopic access in bariatric surgery, considering aspects such as morbidity, mortality, costs, and length of stay. METHODS: The study included 80 patients who were randomly assigned to perform a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. They were equally divided in two groups, laparoscopic and laparotomy. The results obtained in the postoperative period were evaluated and compared according to the Ministry of Health protocol, and later, in their outpatient returns. RESULTS: The surgical time was similar in both groups (p=0.240). The costs of laparoscopic surgery proved to be higher, mainly due to staplers and staples. The patients included in the laparotomy group presented higher rates of severe complications, such as incisional hernia (p<0.001). Costs related to social security and management of postoperative complications were higher in the open surgery group (R$ 1,876.00 vs R$ 34,268.91). CONCLUSIONS: The costs related to social security and treatment of complications were substantially lower in laparoscopic access when compared to laparotomy. However, considering the operative procedure itself, the laparotomy remained cheaper. Finally, the length of stay, the rate of complications, and return to labor had more favorable results in the laparoscopic route.

RESUMO RACIONAL: Apesar de sua crescente popularidade, a laparoscopia não é a via de acesso em cirurgias bariátricas realizadas no sistema público de saúde brasileiro. OBJETIVOS: Comparar os acessos laparoscópico e laparotômico em cirurgia bariátrica, considerando aspectos como morbidade, mortalidade, custos e tempo de hospitalização. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 80 pacientes candidatos a by-pass gástrico em Y-de-Roux, aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a via de acesso. Os resultados obtidos no período pós-operatório foram avaliados e comparados de acordo com o protocolo do Ministério da Saúde, e posteriormente, em seus retornos ambulatoriais. RESULTADOS: O tempo cirúrgico foi semelhante em ambos os grupos (p=0.240). Os custos da cirurgia laparoscópica foram maiores, principalmente devido aos grampeadores e cargas. Contudo, os pacientes designados à via aberta apresentaram maior índice de complicações graves, como hérnia incisional (p<0.001). Desta forma, os custos com o tratamento das complicações e com o seguro social foram maiores neste grupo (R$ 1,876.00 vs R$ 34,268.91). CONCLUSÃO: Os gastos relacionados ao seguro social e ao tratamento de complicações foram substancialmente menores na cirurgia laparoscópica quando comparada à cirurgia aberta. Entretanto, considerando o procedimento operatório em si, a via aberta foi a mais acessível financeiramente. Por fim, o tempo de hospitalização, a taxa de complicações e o tempo de retorno ao trabalho tiveram resultados mais favoráveis na via laparoscópica.

Long-term evaluation of patients with BMI = 50kg/m2 who underwent Bariatric Surgery / Avaliação no longo prazo de pacientes submetidos à Cirurgia Bariátrica com IMC = 50kg/m2

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the risks and benefits of bariatric surgery in patients with super obesity (SO) in comparison with obesity grades II and III. Methods: retrospective cohort that included a study group of 178 patients with SO and a control group of 181 patients with BMI 35-49.9Kg/m2. The groups were formed in a 1:1 nearest neighbor matching. The main variables were pre- and postoperative BMI and comorbidities, occurrence of severe postoperative complications, bowel obstruction, marginal ulcer, fistulae and 30-day death, besides the necessity of emergency room (ER) admission and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans in the postoperative period due to acute abdomen. Results: the study group comprised 74.0% of women while the control group had 56.7%. The mean follow-up time was similar between both groups (5.48 x 6.09 years, p=0.216). There was no statistically significant difference on the prevalence of hypertension and T2D between the groups according to the surgical technique. All deaths occurred in the Study group (BMI = 50kg/m2) who underwent RYGB. There was no difference between the groups regarding the occurrence of severe complications. Data on ER admissions and the need for abdominal CT to investigate postoperative abdominal pain did not show statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion: despite the high risk related to bariatric surgery in patients with SO, the benefits related to the remission of comorbidities are significant; although being lower than those found in patients with milder grades of obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar os riscos e benefícios da cirurgia bariátrica em pacientes com superobesidade em comparação com obesidade graus II e III. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva que incluiu um grupo Estudo com 178 pacientes portadores de superobesidade e um controle com 181 pacientes com IMC 35-49.9Kg/m2. Os grupos foram formados numa razão 1:1 com pareamento "vizinho próximo". As principais variáveis foram comorbidades e IMC pré e pós-operatório, ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias severas, obstrução intestinal, úlcera marginal, fístula e morte em 30 dias, além da necessidade de idas à emergência e realização de tomografia computadorizada (CT) para investigação de abdome agudo. Resultados: o grupo Estudo foi composto por 74.0% de mulheres, enquanto o Controle teve apenas 56.7%. O tempo médio de seguimento foi similar em ambos os grupos (5.48 x 6.09 anos, p=0.216). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à prevalência de diabetes entre os grupos nem entre a técnica cirúrgica empregada. Todos os óbitos ocorreram no grupo Estudo (IMC = 50kg/m2), com apenas pacientes submetidos ao BGYR. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à ocorrência de complicações pós-operatórias. Ao avaliar idas à emergência e necessidade de TC para investigar dor abdominal, também não foi observada difrença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: apesar do alto risco cirúrgico implicado em pacientes portadores de superobesidade, os benefícios relacionados à remissão de comorbidades ainda são significativos; contudo os resultados parecem ser inferiores aos pacientes com graus mais leves de obesidade.

Complexities and complications of extreme obesity.

Obesity is a common chronic disorder and has detrimental long-term consequences if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a young lady who suffered from morbid obesity and many of its consequences, and we present a literature review of these complications. While the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the genetic component is particularly important in the pathophysiology of marked obesity. Resistance to Leptin is considered one of the main causes of obesity. There is a unique relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, as observed in our case. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart failure, thromboembolic disease, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension. Our patient had cardiomegaly (730 gm) with eccentric hypertrophy of left and right ventricles. The coronary arteries and aorta were free of atherosclerosis, which is a surprising finding that relates to the mysterious phenomenon of obesity paradox. The terminal event in our young woman was multiple segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arterial thrombi/thromboemboli superimposed on chronic cardiopulmonary stress due to massive obesity.

Factores desencadenantes actuales de la obesidad / Obesity and its consequences today

Objetivo: Analizar la obesidad y sus consecuencias como problema de salud pública en la actualidad. Método: Revisión sistemática de artículos publicados en PubMed. Resultados: Se escrutaron 17 artículos que presentan información relevante al tema planteado. Conclusión: Se han identificado varios síndromes específicos, siendo la obesidad el síntoma principal. Estas raras causas de obesidad representan menos del 1% de los casos de obesidad en niños en el entorno de la atención terciaria. La obesidad también es un componente de síndromes genéticos relativamente comunes, incluido el síndrome de Down.

Objective: To analyze obesity and its consequences as a current public health problem. Method: Systematic review of articles published in PubMed. Results: Seventeen articles were scrutinized and presented information relevant to the topic in question. Conclusion: Several specific syndromes have been identified, with obesity being the main symptom. These rare causes of obesity account for less than 1% of obesity cases in children in the tertiary care setting. Obesity is also a component of relatively common genetic syndromes, including Down syndrome.

Oral motor function in obesity.

BACKGROUND: Obese individuals may have impaired oral sensory functioning and abnormal oral motor function, a consequence of fat deposition in muscles. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the oral motor function in obese individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three observational cross-sectional studies were performed. In total, 140 participants were evaluated: (1) orofacial myofunctional evaluation (OMES) was performed in 26 obese and 26 control subjects; (2) time taken for suction of 50 ml of water through straws of 3 mm and 6 mm of diameter was measured in 30 obese and 30 control subjects; (3) the oral phase of swallowing of 5 ml moderately thick and 5 ml extremely thick boluses was analysed by videofluoroscopy in 14 obese and 14 control subjects. Obese and non-obese control subjects had body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 and <30 kg/m2 , respectively. RESULTS: Obese subjects had worse oral myofunctional evaluation scores in posture/appearance (lips, jaw, cheeks, tongue and hard palate), in mobility (lips, tongue, jaw and cheeks) and in breathing, deglutition and mastication functions (p ≤ .020). The OMES total score was 73.5 ± 5.5 in obese and 92.8 ± 3.7 in controls subjects (p < .001). There was no difference between the groups in the time taken for 50 ml of water suction through the 3-mm- or 6-mm-diameter straw. Videofluoroscopic evaluation of the bolus swallowed demonstrated a longer oral preparation time in obese individuals for both boluses (p ≤ .040) and no difference in oral transit time (p ≥ .140). CONCLUSION: A moderate change in oral motor function was observed in obese individuals with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 .

Complexities and complications of extreme obesity

ABSTRACT Obesity is a common chronic disorder and has detrimental long-term consequences if left untreated. Herein, we report a case of a young lady who suffered from morbid obesity and many of its consequences, and we present a literature review of these complications. While the cause of obesity is multifactorial, the genetic component is particularly important in the pathophysiology of marked obesity. Resistance to Leptin is considered one of the main causes of obesity. There is a unique relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity, as observed in our case. Obesity is associated with cardiovascular and lung diseases such as heart failure, thromboembolic disease, sleep apnea, and pulmonary hypertension. Our patient had cardiomegaly (730 gm) with eccentric hypertrophy of left and right ventricles. The coronary arteries and aorta were free of atherosclerosis, which is a surprising finding that relates to the mysterious phenomenon of obesity paradox. The terminal event in our young woman was multiple segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arterial thrombi/thromboemboli superimposed on chronic cardiopulmonary stress due to massive obesity.

Protocolo de Manejo de Cirugía Metabólica y Bariátrica del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín / Management Protocol for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialties Hospital

1. INTRODUCCIÓN. La obesidad mórbida es una enfermedad crónica multifactorial asociada a complicaciones físicas y psicológicas que empeoran la calidad de vida de los pacientes y disminuyen su esperanza de vida; es un problema sanitario de primera magnitud debido al incremento de esta patología en Ecuador y a las dificultades que entraña su prevención y tratamiento. La cirugía de la obesidad es compleja, no exenta de complicaciones, cuyo objetivo es reducir de manera significativa las comorbilidades asociadas y mejorar el bienestar de los pacientes, cuya técnica quirúrgica sea fácil de reproducir, con porcentajes de revisión bajos y que constituya un tratamiento eficaz y seguro para la obesidad clínicamente grave, con evidencia que demuestra reducción de la mortalidad por todas las causas, mejoría en la expectativa y calidad de vida de los pacientes1.

1. INTRODUCTION. Morbid obesity is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with physical and psychological complications that worsen the quality of life of patients and decrease their life expectancy; it is a health problem of the first magnitude due to the increase of this pathology in Ecuador and the difficulties involved in its prevention and treatment. Obesity surgery is complex, not exempt of complications, whose objective is to significantly reduce associated comorbidities and improve the well-being of patients, whose surgical technique is easy to reproduce, with low revision percentages and that constitutes an effective and safe treatment for clinically severe obesity, with evidence that shows a reduction in all-cause mortality, improvement in life expectancy and quality of life of patients1.

The importance of the compartment model of body composition analysis in women with severe obesity / La importancia del modelo compartimentai de análisis de composición corporal en mujeres con obesidad severa

Abstract Introduction. Obesity is usually diagnosed based only on body mass index (BMI), which may lead to an unreliable body composition analysis. Objective: To analyze the body characteristics of morbidly obese (class III) women referred to bariatric surgery using the compartment model of body composition analysis. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 in 14 morbidly obese women aged between 25 and 51 years, who attended clinical and physical therapy assessment prior to undergoing bariatric surgery at a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body composition analysis was performed using an octopolar bioimpedance scale. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between variables, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: A high mean percentage of fat body was observed (51.2%), mainly in the trunk. BMI was correlated with total fat in kilograms (r=0.93), total body fat percentage (TBF%) (r=0.67), total body water (r=0.63), and muscle mass (r=o.6o); besides, a moderate correlation with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was found (r=0.55). WHR showed a correlation with TBF% (r=o.6o) and a moderate correlation with total fat in kilograms (r=0.57). Moreover, the sarcopenia index was correlated with muscle mass (r=0.79) and total body water (r=0.78). All these correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were no sarcopenia cases. Conclusion: A higher concentration of fat in the trunk and the upper limbs was observed in the study population; however, none of the participants had sarcopenia. On the other hand, BMI showed a stronger correlation with both total fat (kg) and TBF% than with WHR. Such findings suggest that assessing these patients based only on BMI or WHR may hinder the development individualized treatment strategies.

Resumen Introducción. Por lo general, el diagnóstico de obesidad se basa en el índice de masa corporal (IMC), lo que puede resultar en un análisis de la composición corporal no confiable. Objetivo. Analizar las características corporales de mujeres mórbidamente obesas (Clase III) remitidas a cirugía bariátrica mediante el modelo compartimental de análisis de composición corporal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 2017 en 14 mujeres con obesidad mórbida con edades entre los 25 y 51 años que se encontraban en valoración clínica y por fisioterapia antes de someterse a cirugía bariátrica en un hospital universitario de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. El análisis de la composición corporal se realizó mediante una balanza de bioimpedancia octopolar. Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson para analizar la correlación entre variables, con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05. Resultados. Se observó un alto porcentaje promedio de grasa corporal (51.2%), principalmente en el tronco. El IMC se correlacionó con la grasa total en kilogramos (r=0.93), el porcentaje de grasa corporal total (r=0.67), el agua corporal total (r=0.63) y la masa muscular (r=0.60); además, se encontró una correlación moderada con el índice cintura-cadera (IC-C) (r=0.55). Por su parte, el IC-C mostró una correlación con el porcentaje de grasa corporal total (r=0.60) y una correlación moderada con la grasa total en kilogramos (r=0.57). Además, el índice de sarcopenia se correlacionó con la masa muscular (r=0.79) y el agua corporal total (r=0.78). Todas estas correlaciones fueron estadísticamente significativas. No se observó sarcopenia en la muestra. Conclusión. Se observó una mayor concentración de grasa en el tronco y las extremidades superiores, pero ninguna de las participantes tuvo sarcopenia. Por otra parte, el IMC mostró una mayor correlación con la cantidad de grasa (tanto en kilogramos como en porcentaje de grasa total) que con el IC-C. Estos hallazgos sugieren que evaluar este tipo de pacientes basándose únicamente en el IMC o el I-CC puede dificultar el desarrollo de estrategias de tratamiento individualizado.

Impact of bariatric surgery in anxiety and oral condition of obese individuals: a cohort prospective study / Impacto da cirurgia bariátrica em ansiedade e condições bucais de indivíduos obesos: um estudo de coorte prospectivo

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and bariatric surgery may be related with mental and oral disorders. Aim: To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on anxiety, initial dental caries lesion and gingival bleeding in obese patients. Methods: Eighty-nine patients were divided in two groups: Control Group (CG) - obese patients and Experimental Group (EG) - patients submitted to bariatric surgery. EG was analyzed before and 12 months after bariatric surgery; for the CG, was respected an interval of 12 months between the evaluations. International Caries Detection and Assessment System, Gingival Bleeding Index and Trace-State Anxiety Inventory were used. Medical profile, anthropometrics data, sociodemographic and behavioral variables were considered. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in evaluation times regarding to initial dental caries lesion and anxiety. However, the number of teeth with initial dental caries lesion (p=0.0033) and gingival bleeding (p<0.0001) increased significantly after bariatric surgery in EG. Conclusion: These results reinforce the need for multi-professional team follow-up, including dental care, for both obese and bariatric patients.

RESUMO Racional: A obesidade e a cirurgia bariátrica podem estar relacionadas a desordens mentais e bucais. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da cirurgia bariátrica na ansiedade, lesões iniciais de cárie dentária e sangramento gengival em pacientes obesos. Método: Oitenta e nove pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC) - obesos e Grupo Experimental (GE) - pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. O GE foi analisado antes e 12 meses após a cirurgia bariátrica; para o GC, foi respeitado um intervalo de 12 meses entre as avaliações. Foram utilizados o Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie, Índice de Sangramento Gengival e Inventário de Ansiedade do Traço-Estado. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos nos dois momentos de avaliação em relação à lesão inicial de cárie dentária e ansiedade. No entanto, o número de dentes com lesão inicial de cárie dentária (p=0,0033) e sangramento gengival (p<0,0001) aumentou significativamente após a cirurgia bariátrica no GE. Conclusão: É necessário acompanhamento de equipe multiprofissional, incluindo atendimento odontológico, tanto para pacientes obesos quanto para bariátricos.

Post-bariatric body contouring surgery: analysis of complications in 180 consecutive patients / Cirurgia de contorno corporal pós-bariátrica: análise das complicações em 180 pacientes consecutivos

ABSTRACT Introduction: bariatric surgery is the main treatment for cases of severe obesity and body contour surgery to correct body dysmorphia resulting from weight loss. However, these procedures are associated with a significant number of postoperative complications. Objective: this study aims to analyze complications in post-bariatric patients undergoing body contour surgeries and correlating them with the age and BMI of these patients. Methods: the current study is a retrospective study evaluating 180 consecutive patients undergoing body contour surgery after bariatric surgery within a period of three years (2014-2016). Data such as age, gender, Body Mass Index before bariatric and plastic surgeries, type of surgery performed and complications were collected, and correlated the age as well as the BMI of the patients in the pre-bariatric (PB) and pre-plastic (PP) periods with the complications presented. Results: of the 180 patients evaluated, 91.7% were females (n = 165), and the mean age was 46.3 ± 1.7 years. The most performed surgery was abdominoplasty (48.9%), followed by mammaplasty (21.1%). Some complications occurred in 26.1% of the patients with partial dehiscence (40.4%) and seroma (14.9%) being the most frequent. Patients who presented complications had a higher mean age (50.8 years) than those who presented with no complications, and major complications accounted for 2.7% of the sample. Conclusions: a statistically significant number of surgeries progressed without complications and, when they occurred, there were minor complications in most of the sample. Complications were more frequent in older patients with some of them having a BMI over 30 Kg/m2.

RESUMO Introdução: a cirurgia bariátrica é o principal tratamento para os casos de obesidade grave e a cirurgia de contorno corporal trata a dismorfia corporal resultante desta perda de peso. No entanto, estes procedimentos estão associados a um número significativo de complicações pós-operatórias. Objetivo: analisar as complicações maiores e menores que ocorreram nos pacientes pós-bariátricos submetidos a cirurgias reparadoras do contorno corporal e correlacioná-las com idade e IMC destes pacientes. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo que avaliou 180 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a cirurgia de contorno corporal, após cirurgia bariátrica, no período de 3 anos (2014-2016). Foram coletados dados como idade, gênero, IMC pré-bariátrica e pré-plástica, tipo de cirurgia realizada e complicações, correlacionando a idade e o IMC dos pacientes nos períodos pré-bariátrica (PB) e pré-plástica (PP) com as complicações apresentadas. Resultados: dos 180 pacientes avaliados, 91,7% eram do gênero feminino (n=165) e a idade média foi de 46,3 ± 1,7 anos. A cirurgia mais realizada foi abdominoplastia (48,9%), seguida da mamoplastia (21,1%). Complicações ocorreram em 26,1% dos pacientes, sendo deiscência parcial a principal (40,4%) seguida de seroma (14,9%). Pacientes com complicações apresentaram média etária maior (50,8 anos) que os sem complicações, sendo que as complicações maiores ocorreram em 2,7% da amostra. Conclusões: a maioria estatisticamente significante das cirurgias cursou sem complicações e, quando ocorreram, foram complicações menores na maior parte da amostra. As complicações foram mais frequentes nos pacientes de idade mais avançada, dos quais alguns com IMC maior que 30kg/m2.

Cirurgias bariátricas realizadas no Brasil, 2011-2019 / Bariatric surgeries performed in Brazil, 2011-2019 / Cirugías bariátricas realizadas en Brasil, 2011-2019

Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de implementação de cirurgias bariátricas (CB) realizadas no "Brasil" entre os anos de "2011 a 2019", ou seja, nove (09) anos. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram extraídos junto a Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Bariátrica e Metabólica (SBCBM). Foi implementada análise estatística do tipo descritiva. Os resultados foram apresentados por meio de tabelas explicativas e de gráficos. Resultados: Foi identificado o universo de 493.212 CB realizadas, com média e desvio padrão de (54.801±11.300,2). O ano de 2019 registrou a maior preponderância com 13,9% (n=68.530) e 2011 registrou a menor preponderância com 7% (n=34.629). Foram identificadas 79,9% (n=394.101) CB financiadas pelos Planos de Saúde, 15,3% (n=75.624) pelo SUS e 4,8% (n=23.487) por instituições particulares. Considerações finais: Foi verificado aumento na frequência de registros de CB realizadas no recorte geográfico e histórico analisados.

Objective: To analyze the frequency of implementation of bariatric surgery (CB) performed in "Brazil" between the years "2011 to 2019", that is, nine (09) years. Method: Exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The data were extracted from the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (SBCBM). Descriptive statistical analysis was implemented. The results were presented using explanatory tables and graphs. Results: The universa of 493.212 CB performed was identified, with a mean and standard deviation of (54,801±11,300.2). The year 2019 registered the highest preponderance with 13.9% (n=68.530) and 2011 registered the lowest preponderance with 7% (n=34.629). 79.9% (n=394.101) CB were financed by Health Plans, 15.3% (n=75.624) by SUS and 4.8% (n=23.487) by private institutions. Final considerations: There was an increase in the frequency of CB records made in the analyzed geographical and historical section.

Objetivo: Analizar la frecuencia de implementación de la cirugía bariátrica (CB) realizada en "Brasil" entre los años "2011 a 2019", es decir, nueve (09) años. Método: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron extraídos de la Sociedad Brasileña de Cirugía Bariátrica y Metabólica (SBCBM). Se implementó un análisis estadístico descriptivo. Los resultados se presentaron mediante tablas explicativas y gráficos. Resultados: Se identificó el universo de 493,212 CB realizados, con una media y desviación estándar de (54,801±11,300.2). El año 2019 registró la mayor preponderancia con 13,9% (n=68.530) y 2011 registró la menor preponderancia con 7% (n=34.629). 79,9% (n=394,101) CB fueron financiados por Planes de Salud, 15,3% (n=75,624) por SUS y 4,8% (n=23,487) por instituciones privadas. Consideraciones finales: Hubo un aumento en la frecuencia de registros de CB realizados en el tramo geográfico e histórico analizado.

Atypical lymphangioma and hyperkeratosis in a patient with morbid obesity

Abstract Lymphangioma is a rare and understudied pathology that is usually detected in the first decade of life, and its appearance in adults is rare. This report details a 51-year-old man with morbid obesity who presented, for the last eight months, multiple asymmetric tumor lesions with extension to the scrotal region. The diagnosis of circumscribed lymphangioma with associated infection was confirmed. This case report demonstrates an unusual presentation of the characteristics of the lymphangioma that are seldom described in the literature.

Associação entre polimorfismos no gene/receptor da leptina e obesidade: uma revisão de literatura / Association between polymorphisms in the leptin gene/receiver and obesity: a literature review

Mutações na leptina ou em seu receptor causam a denominada obesidade mórbida relacionada à deficiência de leptina congênita, capaz de ser revertida eficazmente pela terapia com leptina. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura relacionada a evidências de Associação entre polimorfismos no gene/receptor da leptina avaliados por meio da reação em cadeia de polimerase e presença de obesidade. Foram incluídos artigos publicados em língua portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, na íntegra, entre 2009 e 2019, que respondessem a problemática da pesquisa. A busca deu-se nas bases de dados: SCIELO, PUBMED e LILACS, a partir dos descritores PCR, Leptin, Obesity; a amostra final foi constituída de 09 artigos. Concluiu-se que polimorfismos no gene codificador/receptor desse hormônio regulador da ingestão de alimentos e energia metabólica podem ser um dos mais promissores candidatos no que diz respeito a biomarcadores da obesidade. (AU)

Mutations in leptin or in its receptor cause morbid obesity related to congenital leptin deficiency that can be effectively reversed with leptin therapy. In this sense, the aim of the study is to perform an integrative literature review related to evidence of the association between gene/leptin receptor polymorphisms, evaluated through polymerase chain reaction, and the presence of obesity. Publications in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in full, between 2009 and 2019, which responded to the research problem were included. The search was made in the following databases: SCIELO, PUBMED and LILACS, using the descriptors PCR, Leptin, Obesity; the final sample consisted of 09 articles. It is concluded that polymorphisms of coding gene/receptor of this food intake regulating hormone and metabolic energy may be more promising candidates for a biological risk of obesity. (AU)

Atypical lymphangioma and hyperkeratosis in a patient with morbid obesity.

Lymphangioma is a rare and understudied pathology that is usually detected in the first decade of life, and its appearance in adults is rare. This report details a 51-year-old man with morbid obesity who presented, for the last eight months, multiple asymmetric tumor lesions with extension to the scrotal region. The diagnosis of circumscribed lymphangioma with associated infection was confirmed. This case report demonstrates an unusual presentation of the characteristics of the lymphangioma that are seldom described in the literature.

Comparison of the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients / Comparação da gravidade da doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica de pacientes obesos diabéticos e não diabéticos

ABSTRACT Introduction: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease presents a broad spectrum of histopathological alterations, from steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) present increased incidence and severity of NAFLD. Objective: determine the prevalence and severity of NAFLD in diabetic and non-diabetic obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Method: the evaluation of liver biopsies was carried out through NAFLD activity score (NAS) in order to evaluate degree of hepatic steatosis, presence of ballooning, inflammatory activity and degree of fibrosis. Results: a total of 154 patients who have undergone bariatric surgery with intraoperative biopsy were observed and divided into two BMI ranges: from 35 to 44.9 and from 45 to 54.9. 32 (20.8%) from 154 patients were diabetic and 122 (79.2%) were non-diabetic. Patients with DM were significantly older than patients without the disease, presenting 41.29 ± 9.40 years vs 36.71 ± 10.13 years in the group with BMI of 35 to 44.9 (p=0.049); and 45.13 ± 7.10 years vs 37.00 ± 9.24 years in the group with BMI of 45 to 54.9 (p=0.024). In the histological evaluation, patients with DM from the BMI group of 35 to 44.9 had a strong association with higher prevalence and severity of steatosis, balloning, inflammation, fibrosis and steatohepatitis. Conclusion: the present study confirms the high prevalence of NAFLD in patients with Morbid Obesity. Prevalence and severity increase proportionally to BMI and who have DM as comorbidity.

RESUMO Introdução: a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica apresenta um amplo espectro de alterações histopatológicas, desde a esteatose até a cirrose hepática. Pacientes com diabetes Mellitus (DMT2) têm risco aumentado para incidência e gravidade dessa doença. Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e a gravidade da DHGNA em pacientes obesos diabéticos e não diabéticos submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Pacientes e Métodos: avaliação das biópsias hepáticas através do NAFLD activity score (NAS) para avaliação quanto ao grau de esteatose hepática, à presença de balonização, à atividade da inflamação e ao grau de fibrose. Resultados: foram observados 154 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica com biópsia transoperatória concomitante, divididos em duas faixas de IMC, de 35 a 44.9kg/m² e de 45 a 54.9kg/m². Dos 154 pacientes, 32 (20,8%) eram diabéticos e 122 (79,2%) eram não diabéticos. Os pacientes com DMT2 eram significativamente mais velhos, 41,29 ± 9,40 anos vs 36,71±10,13 anos, no grupo com IMC de 35 a 44.9kg/m² (p=0,049) e 45,13 ± 7,10 anos vs 37,00 ± 9,24 anos no grupo com IMC de 45 a 54.9kg/m² (p=0,024). Na avaliação histológica realizada, os pacientes com DMT2 do grupo com IMC de 35 a 44.9 apresentaram forte associação com maior prevalência e gravidade de estetose, balonização, inflamação, fibrose e esteato-hepatite. Conclusão: os dados deste estudo confirmam prevalência elevada de DHGNA em pacientes com obesidade mórbida. A prevalência e a gravidade aumentam proporcionalmente ao IMC e com a presença de DMT2.

Assessment of alveolar bone pattern in obese and non-obese women, before and after bariatric surgery: a prospective cohort study / Avaliação do padrão ósseo alveolar em mulheres obesas e não obesas, antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica: um estudo de coorte prospectivo

ABSTRACT Background: Bariatric surgery may have a negative impact on oral bone structure. Aim: To verify the alveolar bone pattern through radiomorphometric indices of panoramic radiography and linear measurements performed in periapical radiographs in eutrophic and morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery. Methods: The sample consisted of 31 women aged 20-35 years old, divided into two groups: obese group (GO-obese grade III) and control group (GC-eutrophic). Twenty eutrophic and 11 obese morbidities were evaluated in the pre and postoperative bariatric surgery (six months). Radiomorphometric and plaque indices were evaluated at T0 (baseline) and T1 (six months) times, in both groups. In the radiographic analysis the trabecular pattern through the Lindh visual ladder and the bone loss were evaluated by calculating the distance from the cement-enamel junction to the bone crest in periapical radiographs. Panoramic radiographs were used to measure the mandibular cortical index (ICM), mentonian index (IM) and panoramic mandibular index (MPI), in addition to the Turesky plate index. Results: There was a significant loss of bone in T1 in patients submitted to bariatric surgery, when compared to eutrophic patients (p<0.05). The trabecular pattern became sparser after surgery with a visual difference. The plate index showed a slight improvement after surgery and the eutrophic maintained similar values over time. Conclusion: The standard alveolar bone presents greater bone loss in obese patients and worsens this standard after bariatric surgery when compared to eutrophic patients. The same happens with the trabecular pattern that becomes sparser after bariatric surgery.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica pode ter um impacto negativo na estrutura óssea bucal. Objetivo: Verificar o padrão ósseo alveolar por meio de índices radiomorfométricos da radiografia panorâmica e medidas lineares realizadas em radiografias periapicais, em pacientes eutróficas e obesas mórbidas antes e após a cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 31 mulheres com idade de 20 a 35 anos, sendo divididas em dois grupos: grupo obeso (GO-obesas de grau III) e grupo controle (GC-eutróficas). Foram avaliadas 20 eutróficas e 11 obesas mórbidas no pré e pós-operatório de operação bariátrica (seis meses). Índices radiomorfométricos e de placa dentária em ambos os grupos foram avaliados nos tempos T0 (baseline) e T1 (seis meses). Na análise radiográfica foram avaliados o padrão trabecular através da escada visual de Lindh e a perda óssea por meio do cálculo da distância da junção cemento-esmalte à crista óssea, em radiografias periapicais. Já as radiografias panorâmicas mensuram índice da cortical mandibular (ICM), índice mentoniano (IM) e índice panorâmico mandibular (IPM), além do índice de placa de Turesky. Resultados: Houve perda óssea significativa em T1 em pacientes do GO, quando comparada com as eutróficas (p<0,05). O padrão trabecular tornou-se mais esparso após a operação apresentando diferença visual. No índice de placa foi observada ligeira melhora após a operação e os eutróficos mantiveram valores similares ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: Pacientes obesas apresentam maior perda óssea, a qual piora após a operação bariátrica, quando comparada com pacientes eutróficas. O mesmo acontece com o trabeculado ósseo que se torna mais esparso após a operação.