Observancia de las guías internacionales de manejo temprano en sepsis grave y choque séptico / Adherence to international guidelines on early management in severe sepsis and septic shock

Introducción. La observancia completa del tratamiento temprano dirigido por objetivos, disminuye significativamente la mortalidad a 28 días, mientras que la observancia parcial no tiene ningún beneficio. Objetivos. Determinar la observancia de las guías internacionales en sepsis grave y choque séptico, mediante el conjunto de medidas (bundle) de reanimación de las primeras seis horas en pacientes mayores de 16 años de edad, en un centro de referencia de alta complejidad. Materiales y métodos. Se presenta un estudio de cohorte, prospectivo y descriptivo, llevado a cabo durante un período de seis meses, en pacientes con sepsis grave o choque séptico admitidos a los servicios de urgencias, unidades de cuidados intensivos y cuidados especiales. Se midió la observancia del conjunto de medidas mediante ocho intervenciones: 1) medición del lactato sérico, 2) inicio temprano de antibióticos, 3) toma de hemocultivos, 4) infusión de líquidos intravenosos, 5) uso de medicamentos vasopresores, 6) inserción de catéter venoso central, 7) presión venosa central mayor de 8 mm Hg, y 8) saturación venosa central de oxígeno mayor de 70 %. Resultados. Se tamizaron 723 pacientes; 16 % (n=116) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 92,2 % (n=107) cumplieron los criterios para sepsis grave y 37,9 % (n=44) para choque séptico. El 62,9 % (n=73) fue subdiagnosticado. La observancia completa de las 8 intervenciones del conjunto de medidas fue de 0 %; de 6 a 7, 19 % (n=22); de 3 a 5, 67,2 % (n=78), y de 0 a 2, 98,3 % (n=114). Conclusión. La completa observancia de las guías internacionales de manejo en sepsis grave y choque séptico en las primeras seis horas es nula y solo se cumple de manera parcial.

Introduction. Complete adherence to early goal-directed therapy has shown a significant reduction in 28-day mortality rate, whereas partial adherence has not shown beneficial effect. Objectives. The effect of adherence to 6 hour sepsis bundle treatment was evaluated on patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted during a six-month period. The patients were limited to those 16 years or older and included admissions to intensive care units, special care units or emergency departments with severe sepsis or septic shock. The adherence to the 6-hour sepsis bundle was evaluated through 8 interventions as follows: (1) serum lactate measure,( 2) early antibiotic administration, (3) blood culture samples, (4) infusion of intravenous fluids, (5) vasopressor use, (6) central venous catheter, (7) central venous pressure >8 mm Hg, and (8) central venous oxygen saturation >70%. Results. Seven hundred and twenty three patients were screened; 16% (n=116) met the inclusion criteria; 92.2% (n=107) met the criteria for severe sepsis and 37.9% (44) for septic shock; 62.9% (n=73) were subdiagnosed. Complete adherence to the 8 interventions of 6-hour sepsis bundle was 0%; 6 to 7 (19%, n=22), 3 to 5 (67.2%, n=78), and 0 to 2 (98.3%, n=114). Conclusion. Adherence to 6-hour sepsis bundle treatment for severe sepsis and septic shock was not done for the full 8 interventions and only partial accomplishment of the first 4 interventions.

Determinantes da adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral em Brasília, DF: um estudo de caso-controle / Determinants of antiretroviral treatment adherence in Brasília, Federal District: a case-control study

Buscou-se avaliar os fatores relacionados à adesão ao tratamento anti-retroviral no Distrito Federal. De 150 pacientes entrevistados em sete centros de referência, 35 não aderentes foram definidos como casos, sendo selecionados 70 controles aderentes, pareados por idade. Avaliaram-se variáveis sócio-demográficas, hábitos, suporte social, qualidade de vida, questões relacionadas a doença, estado clínico, tratamento e serviço. Na análise bivariada, houve associação da adesão com raça/cor, escolaridade, centros de referência em que faz acompanhamento e renda familiar. Após ajuste, cor parda, centros de referência localizado no Plano Piloto, escolaridade alta e receber apoio dos amigos quanto às necessidades permaneceram associados com adesão. Retirando raça/cor do modelo, mantiveram-se centros de referência, escolaridade, profissão, renda, apoio (contar com alguém que demonstre gostar de você) e satisfação com o atendimento na farmácia de dispensação. Além dos fatores já consolidados na literatura, questões relacionadas ao apoio no âmbito micro-social e aos serviços de assistência mostraram-se associados à observância terapêutica.

We sought to evaluate factors relating to adherence to antiretroviral treatment in the Federal District. Out of 150 patients interviewed at seven reference centers; 35 non-adherent subjects were considered to be cases; we selected 70 age-matched adherent individuals as controls. Variables relating to sociodemographics, habits, social support, quality of life, disease-related issues, clinical conditions, treatment and healthcare services were evaluated. Bivariate analysis showed that adherence was associated with race/color, educational level, the reference center where the patient was followed up and familial income. After adjustments, mixed race (parda), reference center location in central Brasília, high educational level and friends’ support for needs remained associated with adherence. After excluding race/color from the model, the reference center location, educational level, profession, income, support (being able to count on someone who demonstrably likes you) and satisfaction with the service at the pharmacy remained related to adherence. In addition to the factors already established in the literature, questions relating to support within the microsocial environment and the healthcare services were shown to be associated with therapeutic compliance.