Temporal changes in cumulative mortality risks of cancer, by occupation, in the working population of Japan from 1995 to 2020: a benchmark for radiation risk comparison.

The purpose of this study was to provide benchmark data for discussing the tolerability of cancer risk associated with occupational radiation exposure. It focused on differences in cancer mortality risk by occupation among Japan's working population and examined baseline cancer mortality risks and its variations from 1995 through 2020. Data were collected every five years from national vital statistics sources. By focusing on the same types of cancer among radiation induced effects, cumulative mortality risks were calculated for colorectal, lung, and breast cancer (females only) for those aged 15-74. The average cumulative mortality risk for the working population in Japan has decreased by 30%-60% over the past 25 years. Service workers and male managers were at an average risk, among all workers, while clerical workers and transportation and manufacturing workers had about half the average risk. The risks were higher for professionals and female managers, about 1.5-2 times the average for professionals and up to 5 times the average for female managers. The decrease in the average cancer mortality risk in the working population as a baseline suggests that risk tolerance in society might have changed over time. Since differences in mortality by occupation were confirmed, the usefulness of occupational data as a benchmark needs further investigation, as high-risk/low-risk occupations vary by country and region. The results of this study contribute to put radiation risks into perspective with the background risk of cancer.

Occupational fatalities among grounds maintenance workers in the United States (2016-2020).

BACKGROUND: In 2019, grounds maintenance work was ranked among the most dangerous jobs in the United States. The objective of this study was to provide a national profile of fatal injuries of grounds maintenance workers. METHODS: Data from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Current Population Survey were analyzed to determine grounds maintenance worker fatality rates and rate ratios during 2016-2020. RESULTS: During the 5-year study period, a total of 1064 deaths, or average fatality rate of 16.64 deaths per 100,000 full-time employees (FTEs) was identified in grounds maintenance workers compared to 3.52 deaths per 100,000 FTEs for all occupational worker deaths in the United States. The incidence rate ratio was 4.72 per 100,000 FTEs [95% CI: 4.44-5.02; p < 0.0001]. The primary events or exposures that led to work-related deaths were transportation incidents (28.0%), falls (27.3%), contact with objects and equipment (22.8%), and traumatic acute exposures to harmful substances or environments (17.9%). Black or African American workers had higher death rates, while Hispanic or Latino workers accounted for over one-third of all occupational-related fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Each year, fatal work injury rates were consistently nearly five times higher among those employed in grounds maintenance work than all US worker fatalities. Wide-ranging safety intervention and prevention measures are needed to protect workers. Future research efforts should employ methods that include qualitative approaches to gain a better understanding of worker's perspectives and employer's operational work practices to mitigate risks that contribute to these high work-related fatalities.

Perfil dos acidentes de trabalho com crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, de 2011 a 2020 / Profile of occupational accidents with children and adolescents in Brazil from 2011 to 2020

Resumo Objetivo: descrever o perfil dos acidentes de trabalho envolvendo crianças e adolescentes na faixa etária de 5 a 17 anos no Brasil, no período de 2011 a 2020. Métodos: estudo descritivo com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Resultados: de 2011 a 2020, foram registrados, no SINAN, 24.909 casos de acidentes de trabalho envolvendo menores de 18 anos. A maioria ocorreu com indivíduos do sexo masculino (82,3%), na faixa etária de 16 a 17 anos (84,6%), brancos (44,0%), principalmente em ocupações do subgrupo da Classificação Brasileira de Ocupações "trabalhadores dos serviços". Cerca de a metade dos acidentes atingiram mãos e membros superiores (48,7%) e o principal diagnóstico foi "ferimento do punho e da mão" (17,7%). Foram registrados 466 óbitos no período, sendo 15,9% referentes a mortes de crianças de 5 a 13 anos de idade. Conclusão: houve registro de casos de acidentes de trabalho e óbitos relacionados ao trabalho infantil, inclusive envolvendo menores de 14 anos, faixa etária para a qual o trabalho é proibido. É preciso assegurar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas e de ações que contribuam para a eliminação do trabalho infantil.

Abstract Objective: to describe the profile of occupational accidents involving children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 years in Brazil, in the period from 2011 to 2020. Methods: descriptive study based on data from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN - Notifiable Diseases Information System) and from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). Results: from 2011 to 2020, a total of 24,909 cases of occupational accidents involving minors under 18 years of age were registered on SINAN. Most of these cases occurred with males (82.3%), aged 16 to 17 years (84.6%), whites (44.0%), mainly within "Service workers" job titles subgroup as assigned by Brazilian Classification of Occupations. Almost half of the accidents affected the hands and upper limbs (48.7%) and the main diagnosis was "fist and hand injury" (17.7%). A total of 466 deaths were registered in that time period, with 15.9% referring to deaths of children aged 5 to 13 years. Conclusion: registers show records of occupational accidents and deaths related to child labor, including those involving children under 14 years of age, a group in which work is prohibited. It is necessary to ensure the development of research and actions that contribute to the elimination of child labor.

Acidentes de trabalho: análise epidemiológica dos casos e óbitos notificados em Minas Gerais, entre 2010 e 2019 / Work accidents: epidemiological analysis of cases and deaths reported in Minas Gerais, between 2010 and 2019

Os acidentes de trabalho no Brasil são agravos que, pelo seu expressivo impacto na morbimortalidade da população, são importante problema de saúde pública, sendo, objeto prioritário das ações do Sistema Único de Saúde. O objetivo geral consistiu na análise do perfil dos casos e óbitos, notificados como acidentes de trabalho, em Minas Gerais no período de 2010 a 2019. Metodologicamente tratou-se de estudo transversal descritivo, a partir da análise de dados secundários das fichas de acidente de trabalho do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificações (SINAN) e das declarações de óbito por acidentes de trabalho (Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade ­ SIM). Foram calculadas as incidências e prevalências anuais, intervalos de confiança de 95% e análise espacial por meio de mapas temáticos, utilizando o software SPSS versão 19.0. Resultados: As maiores incidências ocorreram em 2018 e 2019 (1,4 e 1,39, por 1.000 trabalhadores, respectivamente). A maior taxa de mortalidade por AT foi em 2019 (0,07 por 1000 trabalhadores). Em relação a prevalência de AT: segundo Unidade Regional de Saúde (URS) destacaram-se Pirapora e Uberaba (23,9 e 22,6 por 1000 trabalhadores, respectivamente), por área de abrangência de Centro de Referência em Saúde do Trabalhador (CEREST) destacaram-se Poços de Caldas, Betim, Uberaba e Araxá (27,5, 24,5, 22,3 e 20,2 por 1000 trabalhadores, respectivamente). A taxa de mortalidade por AT: segundo URS destacaram-se Uberaba e Governador Valadares (1,1 e 1,0 por 1000 trabalhadores, respectivamente), já em relação aos CERESTs foram Araxá, Betim, Governador Valadares e Uberaba (1,7, 1,4, 1 e 0,9 por 1000 trabalhadores, respectivamente). Na análise municipal destaca-se Brumadinho com taxa de mortalidade de 15,5 por 1000 trabalhadores. Com relação ao perfil sociodemográfico predominaram os casos e óbitos no gênero masculino, na faixa etária de 18 a 39 anos. Negros representaram 52,8% (SINAN) e 54,5% (SIM) dos casos. Em relação a Escolaridade, 36,2% apresentaram o ensino fundamental incompleto (SINAN) e 38,9% ensino médio completo (SIM). A escolaridade apresentou significativo percentual de dados ignorados nos dois sistemas de informação (35,2% e 31%), assim com classificação étnico-racial (30,8% no SINAN e 1,6% no SIM). No SINAN predominaram os acidentes típicos (79,3%), com membros afetados (superior 47,5% e inferior 25,8%). Ocorreram em sua maioria nas instalações do contratante (53,3%), entre trabalhadores registrados com vínculo celetista (67,7%). Quanto a evolução a incapacidade temporária foi a mais frequente (69,8%) e o óbito por AT representou 4,3%. Em 57% dos casos foi emitida Comunicação de Acidente de Trabalho (CAT). Quanto as ocupações foram mais frequentes no SINAN e SIM, respectivamente: Trabalhadores da indústria extrativa e construção civil (17,8% e 17,6%), dos serviços (13,7% e 7,6%), da exploração agropecuária (12,1% e 10,2%) e de funções transversais (9,8% e 29,6%). Já a causa do acidente e causa básica do óbito, foram mais frequentes no SINAN o intervalo CID-10: W20-W49 - Exposição a forças mecânicas inanimadas (31,3%). No SIM foi o V40-V49 Ocupante de um automóvel traumatizado em um acidente de transporte (14,5%). Com concentração em ambos os sistemas, dos acidentes de transporte -V01 a V99, SINAN (19,5%) e SIM (53,1%) dos casos. Constatou-se que os dados sobre os AT estão difusos em vários sistemas. Porém ainda não existe vinculação dos casos entre os mesmos, o que contribui para o subdimensionamento, dificulta o processo de investigação dos AT e compromete a elucidação da real magnitude das estimativas de morbimortalidade relacionadas a ocorrência dos AT. Como produto técnico, foi elaborado um relatório com a caracterização geral do cenário epidemiológico de AT no estado de Minas Gerais e com recomendações dirigidas aos gestores municipais e Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Minas Gerais e Coordenação-Geral de Saúde do Trabalhador do Ministério da Saúde.

Work accidents in Brazil are injuries that, due to their significant impact on the population's morbidity and mortality, are an important public health problem, being a priority object of the actions of the Unified Health System. The general objective consisted of analyzing the profile of cases and deaths , reported as work accidents, in Minas Gerais from 2010 to 2019. Methodologically, it was a descriptive cross-sectional study, based on the analysis of secondary data from work accident records from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and death certificates due to work accidents (Mortality Information System ­ SIM). Annual incidences and prevalences, 95% confidence intervals and spatial analysis were calculated using thematic maps, using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: The highest incidences occurred in 2018 and 2019 (1.4 and 1.39, per 1,000 workers, respectively). The highest mortality rate from TA was in 2019 (0.07 per 1000 workers). Regarding the prevalence of TA: according to the Regional Health Unit (URS), Pirapora and Uberaba stood out (23.9 and 22.6 per 1000 workers, respectively), by area covered by the Reference Center for Occupational Health (CEREST ) Poços de Caldas, Betim, Uberaba and Araxá stood out (27.5, 24.5, 22.3 and 20.2 per 1000 workers, respectively). The mortality rate due to AT: according to URS, Uberaba and Governador Valadares stood out (1.1 and 1.0 per 1000 workers, respectively), while in relation to CERESTs they were Araxá, Betim, Governador Valadares and Uberaba (1.7, 1.4, 1 and 0.9 per 1000 workers, respectively). In the municipal analysis, Brumadinho stands out with a mortality rate of 15.5 per 1000 workers. Regarding the sociodemographic profile, cases and deaths predominated in males, aged between 18 and 39 years. Black people represented 52.8% (SINAN) and 54.5% (SIM) of cases. In relation to Education, 36.2% had incomplete primary education (SINAN) and 38.9% completed secondary education (SIM). Education presented a significant percentage of ignored data in both information systems (35.2% and 31%), as well as ethnic-racial classification (30.8% in SINAN and 1.6% in SIM). In SINAN, typical accidents predominated (79.3%), with affected limbs (upper 47.5% and lower 25.8%). They mostly occurred at the contractor's facilities (53.3%), among workers registered with a CLT (67.7%). Regarding evolution, temporary disability was the most frequent (69.8%) and death due to TA represented 4.3%. In 57% of cases, a Work Accident Report (CAT) was issued. The occupations were most frequent in SINAN and SIM, respectively: Workers in the extractive industry and civil construction (17.8% and 17.6%), services (13.7% and 7.6%), agricultural exploration ( 12.1% and 10.2%) and transversal functions (9.8% and 29.6%). As for the cause of the accident and the underlying cause of death, the ICD-10 range: W20- W49 - Exposure to inanimate mechanical forces (31.3%) was more frequent in SINAN. In SIM it was V40-V49 Occupant of a car injured in a transport accident (14.5%). With a concentration in both systems, from transport accidents -V01 to V99, SINAN (19.5%) and SIM (53.1%) of cases. It was found that data on AT are diffuse across several systems. However, there is still no link between the cases, which contributes to undersizing, complicates the process of investigating TAs and compromises the elucidation of the real magnitude of morbidity and mortality estimates related to the occurrence of TAs. As a technical product, a report was prepared with the general characterization of the TA epidemiological scenario in the state of Minas Gerais and with recommendations addressed to municipal managers and the State Health Department of Minas Gerais and the General Coordination of Workers' Health of the Ministry of Health.

Accidentes de trabajo mortales y enfermedades profesionales en la minería (Régimen General). Perú: 2010-2019 / Fatal work accidents and professional diseases in mining (General Regime). Peru: 2010-2019

Se analiza el comportamiento de los accidentes de trabajo mortales (ATM) y de las enfermedades profesionales (EP), en relación con las empresas del régimen general en la minería peruana, durante los años 2010 al 2019. Se realizó un estudio transversal de la base de datos del Ministerio de Energía y Minas. El estudio incluyó las notificaciones de accidentes de trabajo mortales y de las enfermedades profesionales reportadas en esa década por las empresas mineras del régimen general; del 2010 al 2019 para los ATM, y entre 2011- 2019 para las EP, a nivel nacional. Resultados: De 422 ATM notificados entre 2010-2019 se determinan cuatro rangos, considerando 126 empresas. El rango D (dos empresas) son el 2% pero las que presentan la mayor siniestralidad laboral. La empresa D1 acredita 29 ATM y la empresa D2 tiene19 ATM, ambas asumen el 11.34% del total de los ATM en la década analizada. El rango A, son 95 empresas, conforman el 75% del total y presentan entre 1 a 3 ATM para el mismo periodo. El 61% de trabajadores víctimas de ATM son de contratistas y conexas; mientras que el 39% son ATM de las empresas principales. Entre 2011-2019 se notificaron 40,001 EP en las empresas mineras, trabajadores con menos de un año registran EP y mayores de 55 años tienen una curva pronunciada de EP. El 1% son trabajadoras mineras y el 99% son trabajadores. Se necesita mayor investigación sobre las EP en el sector minero(AU)

To analyse the behavior of fatal work accidents (ATMs for its acronym in Spanish) and occupational diseases (EPs), in companies under the general regime of the mining sector in Peru during the years 2010 to 2019. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the database from the Ministry of Energy and Mines (MINEM). The study included notifications at the national level of ATMs (2010-2019) and EPs (2011 to 2019) reported by the mining companies under the general regime. Results: Of 422 ATMs reported by 126 companies between 2010-2019, four range categories were determined. Rank D grouped two companies (representing only 2%) that had the highest occupational accident rate. Company D1 reported 29 ATMs and company D2 reported 19 ATMs, together accounting for 11.34% of the total number of ATMs during the study period. Rank A consisted of 95 companies (representing 75%) and reporting between 1 to 3 ATMs for the same period. Contractor and outsourcing companies reported 61% of workers victims of ATMs, while main companies reported 39% of ATMs. Between 2011-2019, 40,001 EPs were reported in mining companies, workers under one year reported EPs, and workers over 55 years of age had a steep EP curve. Female workers represent 1% of mining workers and 99% are male workers. More research is needed on EPs in the mining sector(AU)

Occupation- and industry-specific cancer mortality among Japanese women from 1980 to 2015.

BACKGROUND: The number of women in Japan who continue working after childbirth is on the rise. Over the past few years, Japan's cancer mortality rate has increased. About 50% of all cancer deaths among Japanese women aged 25-64 are caused by lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. This study aims to examine the difference in mortality risk for key cancers among women and explore the effect of the economic crisis in the mid-1990s separately for occupational and industrial categories. METHODS: Data from 1980 to 2015 were gathered from the Japanese Population Census and National Vital Statistics conducted in the same year. A Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate mortality risk and mortality trends for lung, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer among Japanese working women aged 25-64 years. RESULTS: Across most industrial and occupational groups, the trends in age-standardised cancer mortality rate for women have declined. Workers in management, security and transportation have a higher cancer mortality risk than sales workers. The risk of death from all four cancers is higher for workers in the mining and electricity industries than for wholesale and retail workers. CONCLUSION: To improve the health and well-being of employed Japanese women, it is crucial to monitor cancer mortality trends. Using these population-level quantitative risk estimates, industry- and occupation-specific prevention programmes can be developed to target women at higher cancer risk and enable the early detection and treatment of cancer.

Difference in Mortality Rates by Occupation in Japanese Male Workers Aged 25 to 64 Years from 1980 to 2015.

This study examines the trends in mortality among Japanese working men, across various occupational categories, from 1980 to 2015. A Poisson model of trend, occupational category, and step variable was analysed for eight occupational categories separately, by cause, to explore the trends in mortality. This study found a sharp increase in mortality in the late 1990s, especially among professionals and managers. The overall trends in cancer, ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and suicide mortality decreased across almost all occupational categories from 1980 to 2015, although there was an increasing trend in cancer of 0.5% among managers. Clerical workers had the greatest relative decrease in mortality rates from cancer (-82.9%), IHD (-81.7%), and CVD (-89.1%). Japan continues to make gains in lowering mortality and extending life expectancy, but its workplace culture must improve to ensure that those working at the heart of the Japanese corporate world can also benefit from Japan's progress in health. Mortality rates in working-aged Japanese men have been declining. However, similar declines are not evident among managers, for whom the mortality rate is remaining stable or slightly increasing. There is a need to address the needs of managers and improve workplace environments for these workers.

Determinantes de letalidad por la COVID-19 en trabajadores de salud en la primera y segunda olas en Perú / Determinants of COVID-19 fatality among healthcare workers during the first and second waves in Peru

RESUMEN Introducción: Los trabajadores de salud presentan alto riesgo de la COVID-19, hecho especialmente importante en el Perú que tiene una de los mayores índices de letalidad por esta pandemia. Objetivo: Identificar y comparar los determinantes de letalidad por la COVID-19 en trabajadores de salud del Perú, entre la primera y segunda olas. Material y Métodos: Análisis secundario de datos de la Sala situacional de trabajadores del sector salud de COVID-19, que incluyó 95 966 casos confirmados de la COVID-19 hasta el 21 de octubre de 2021. Se calculó el índice de letalidad, así como los odds ratio -y sus intervalos de confianza a 95 %- crudo y ajustado mediante regresión logística binaria. Resultados: 65,5 % fueron mujeres, de 41,2 (D.E.=11,1) años en promedio. El índice de letalidad fue mayor durante la segunda ola (2,1 % [IC95%=2,0-2,2] vs 2,6 % [IC95 %=2,5-2,8]). El sexo masculino (3,49 [IC95 %=3,09-3,95] en la primera ola y 2,65 [IC95 %=2,32-3,02] en la segunda ola), la edad ≥40 años (9,97 [IC95 %=8,19-12,13] en la primera ola y 10,77 [IC95 %=8,56-13,54] en la segunda ola), así como ser profesional de salud (1,14 [IC95 %=1,01-1,28] en la primera ola y 1,59 [IC95 %=1,39-1,82] en la segunda ola) determinaron la letalidad por la COVID-19 en ambas olas. Conclusiones: La letalidad fue mayor en la segunda ola y se asoció a determinantes individuales, geográficos y ocupacionales de los trabajadores de salud peruanos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Healthcare workers are at high risk of COVID-19, a fact that is especially important in Peru which has one of the highest COVID-19 case fatality rates. Objective: To identify and compare the determinants of COVID-19 case fatality among healthcare workers in Peru between the first and second waves of the pandemic. Material and Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the COVID-19 Health Sector Workers Situation Room which included 95,966 confirmed cases of COVID-19 until October 21, 2021. Case fatality rate was calculated; crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals were obtained by applying binary logistic regression. Results: The results show that 65,5 % of the workers were female, aged 41,2 (S.D.=11,1) years on average. Case fatality rate was higher in the second wave. Male sex (3,49 [95 %CI=3,09-3,95] in the first wave (2,1 % [95 %CI=2,0-2,2] vs. 2,6 % [95 %CI=2,5-2,8]), and 2,65 [95 %CI=2,32-3,02] in the second wave), ≥40 years ofage (9,97 [95 %CI=8,19-12,13] in the first wave, and 10,77 [95 %CI=8,56-13,54] in the second wave), and healthcare professionals (1,14 [95 %CI=1,01-1,28] in the first wave, and 1,59 [95 %CI=1,39-1,82] in the second wave) were determinants for COVID-19 case fatality in both waves. Conclusions: COVID-19 case fatality was higher in the second wave, and was associated with individual, geographic and occupational determinants in Peruvian healthcare workers.

Emergency physician risk of occupational mortality: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Occupational hazards for emergency physicians are widely known, but the risk of work-related mortality is not clear. The COVID-19 pandemic generated new concerns about the risk of occupational mortality, particularly in the setting of inadequate personal protective equipment. The perception of increased risk generated ethical concerns regarding emergency physicians' duty to treat and employers' duty to protect their employees. We performed this scoping review to define prepandemic emergency physician occupational mortality. METHODS: We performed a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases in September 2020. RESULTS: Of the 747 unique articles identified in the 3 databases, 1 article met inclusion criteria and was included in the final analysis. CONCLUSION: The baseline risk of occupational mortality for emergency physicians is not established in the scientific literature. Further study is needed to quantify risk, as this information would be useful to shape policy and ethical considerations.

Mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho no Brasil: análise de tendência temporal, 2006-2015 / Mortality from occupational accidents in Brazil: temporal trend analysis, 2006-2015

Resumo Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho (AT) no Brasil de 2006 a 2015 e investigar desigualdades segundo sexo, raça/cor da pele, faixa etária, escolaridade e macrorregiões. Métodos: estudo ecológico de tendência temporal, com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Utilizaram-se regressões de Poisson. Resultados: as taxas anuais médias (TAM) de mortalidade por acidente de trabalho mantiveram-se relativamente estáveis no período (variação anual de até 5%), mas alguns grupos e regiões apresentaram tendência de aumento. Mulheres acima de 60 anos da região Centro-Oeste (TAM: 1,21-IC95%: 1,03-1,42) e os trabalhadores pardos de todas as regiões (TAM: 1,03 IC95%: 1,02-1,04) apresentaram aumento significativo na mortalidade. Em 2015, a mortalidade por AT na região Nordeste foi 88% maior entre os pardos (2,45/100 mil) do que entre os brancos (1,30/100 mil), e no Brasil, a mortalidade de trabalhadores com menos de oito anos de estudo foi 15 vezes superior à daqueles com 12 anos de estudo ou mais (4,74/100 mil vs. 0,31/100 mil). Conclusões: embora estável, a taxa de mortalidade por AT no Brasil é elevada, se comparada à dos países de alta renda. Alguns grupos populacionais (homens, pretos, pardos, índios, pessoas com baixa escolaridade) e regiões do país (Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste) apresentam taxas ainda mais elevadas.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to occupational accidents (OA) in Brazil from 2006 to 2015 and investigate inequalities related to gender, race/skin color, age group, education level, and macro-regions. Methods: ecological time series study conducted with data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Data were analyzed by Poisson regressions. Result: the average annual rate (AAR) for deaths due to OA remained relatively stable over the analyzed period (annual variation of up to 5%), but some groups and regions showed an upward trend. Mortality was significantly higher among women over 60 years old from the Midwest region (AAR: 1.21-95%CI: 1.03-1.42) and brown-skinned people from all regions (AAR: 1.03-95%CI: 1.02-1.04). In 2015, mortality from OA in the Northeast region was 88% higher among brown-skinned people (2.45/100,000) than among white people (1.30/100,000). In Brazil, mortality was 15 times higher among individuals with less than eight school years when compared to those with 12 school years or more (4.74/100,000 vs. 0.31/100,000). Conclusions: although stable, the mortality rate due to OA in Brazil is elevated when compared to high-income countries. These rates are even higher among some population groups (men, Blacks, brown-skinned, indigenous, and lower-educated people) and in certain regions of the country (North, Northeast, and Midwest).

Adaptación y validación en español del cuestionario MAPETO-br para evaluar la postura de trabajo en estudiantes de Odontología / Adaptation and validation in Spanish of the MAPETO-br questionnaire to evaluate work posture in dental students

Introducción: La odontología es una de las carreras de mayor exigencia en el eje músculo-esqueletal del cuello y tronco superior, por lo que las posturas inadecuadas aprendidas durante el periodo de pregrado pueden considerarse como factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar el cuestionario MAPETO-br de Danielle Wajngarten para estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: Se preparó en español una versión previa del cuestionario MAPETO-br a partir de dos traducciones independientes de la versión original en portugués. Con el documento se realizó un pretest a dos profesionales de la salud expertos en ergonomía. Luego se aplicó una prueba piloto a 112 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de Odontología. Se realizó la recolección de datos mediante fotografía de la postura de los alumnos durante la atención dental y a través de la encuesta. Se midió la consistencia interna y se efectuó el análisis factorial exploratorio a través de examen de componentes principales. Resultados: La versión final quedó compuesta por 12 de los 14 ítems del cuestionario MAPETO-br después de la validación de contenido y adaptación al medio cultural chileno. La consistencia interna para los 12 ítems tuvo un valor de alfa de Cronbach 0,796. Presenta, además, alta estabilidad en el tiempo. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran medidas válidas y confiables para el Cuestionario MAPETO-cl para evaluación de postura, siendo un método rápido durante la realización de trabajo clínico sentado, ayudando a la identificación de presencia o ausencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos(AU)

Introduction: Dentistry is one of the professions that demands most from the musculoskeletal axis of the neck and upper trunk. Therefore, the inadequate postures learned during undergraduate training may be viewed as risk factors. Objective: Adapt and validate Danielle Wajngarten's MAPETO-br questionnaire for dental students. Methods: A previous version of the MAPETO-br questionnaire was prepared in Spanish based on two separate translations of the original Portuguese version. The document was used to apply a pretest to two health professionals expert in ergonomics. A pilot test was then given to 112 fourth- and fifth-year dental students. Data were collected photographing the students' posture during dental care and via the survey. Internal consistency was measured and exploratory factor analysis was performed by principal component examination. Results: The final version was composed of 12 of the 14 items in the MAPETO-br questionnaire after validation of the content and adaptation to the Chilean cultural environment. Internal consistency for the 12 items had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.796. It also exhibits high stability in time. Conclusions: Results show valid and reliable measurements in the MAPETO-cl Questionnaire for posture assessment, making it a fast method to be applied during work in sitting position, and helping identify the presence or absence of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders(AU)

Perfil dos acidentes de trabalho fatais em empresa de petróleo no período de 2001 a 2016 / Profile of fatal occupational accidents in an oil company between 2001 to 2016

Resumo Objetivo: analisar fatalidades por acidente de trabalho ocorridas no período de 2001 a 2016 em empresa brasileira de petróleo e gás. Métodos: os dados foram extraídos dos relatórios de sustentabilidade social publicados pela empresa. As informações foram complementadas a partir de documentos disponíveis na biblioteca da empresa, documentos sindicais e notícias da mídia. Resultados: há predominância de fatalidades na área de exploração e produção (55,0%), área de refino (15,0%) e engenharia/obras (13,0%). As plataformas apresentaram o maior número de óbitos (19,4%), seguida das refinarias (14,4%) e poços de petróleo (8,1%); veículos automotores causaram 15,8% dos acidentes fatais. As ocupações com mais acidentes fatais foram motorista ou ajudante de motorista (14,4%), técnico de manutenção (9,9%), técnico de operação (9,5%), ajudante (6,8%), auxiliar técnico (5,9%) e operador de equipamento (4,5%). Conclusão: as mortes na indústria de petróleo e gás atingiram principalmente trabalhadores terceirizados da área de exploração e produção, sobretudo em atividades relacionadas com o trabalho em plataformas, corroborando estatísticas internacionais sobre o alto risco do trabalho offshore.

Abstract Objective: to analyze fatalities due to occupational accidents occurred from 2001 to 2016 in a Brazilian oil and gas company. Methods: data were collected from the social sustainability reports published by the company and supplemented by information available at the company library, in union documents, and in the media news. Results: fatalities predominantly occurred in the exploration and production activities (55.0%), refining (15.0%), and engineering/construction (13.0%). The highest number of deaths occurred on offshore platforms (19.4%), followed by refineries (14.4%) and oil wells (8.1%); motor vehicles caused 15.8% of the fatal injuries. Occupations with the most fatal accidents were drivers or drivers' assistants (14.4%), maintenance technicians (9.9%), operation technicians (9.5%), assistants (6.8%), technician assistants (5,9%) and equipment operators (4.5%). Conclusion: deaths in the oil and gas industry struck mainly outsourced workers engaged in exploration and production activities, especially on the platforms, corroborating the international statistics on the high risk in offshore work.

Acidentes de trabalho fatais em empresa brasileira de petróleo e gás: análise da política de saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores / Work fatalities in a Brazilian oil and gas company: analysis of workers' health and safety policy

Resumo Este artigo analisa e discute as alterações da política de saúde e segurança (PSS) de uma empresa de petróleo e gás brasileira, a partir da ocorrência de um acidente ampliado em 2001, buscando compreender as repercussões destas mudanças no dia a dia dos trabalhadores. Trata-se de pesquisa de método misto com triangulação de informações epidemiológicas, pesquisa documental e abordagem qualitativa. O acidente com a plataforma de petróleo em 2001(RJ) foi considerado marco no processo de mudanças na PSS dessa empresa. Inúmeras ações e programas foram implementados e os investimentos na área de saúde e segurança aumentaram substancialmente. Identificou-se que tais iniciativas tiveram limitada participação dos trabalhadores no seu planejamento e elaboração, não priorizaram os problemas mais críticos e a ênfase se deu na instituição de normativas e auditorias para avaliação do cumprimento do estabelecido na prescrição. Por fim, observou-se que a aprendizagem sobre os acidentes do trabalho graves ou fatais é incipiente e não estruturada e que o sistema de consequências acarreta aos trabalhadores medo e insegurança, culpabilizando, em geral, o acidentado pela ocorrência, sem considerar os múltiplos fatores que influenciam e condicionam o acidente.

Abstract This paper aims to discuss the changes in the safety and health policy (SHP) of an oil and gas company from the enlarged accident that occurred in 2001, seeking out to understand the consequences of these changes in the daily activity of workers. It is a mixed study employing an epidemiological data triangulation method, documental research, and qualitative approach. The 2001 oil platform accident (RJ) was considered a milestone in the process of changes in the company's SHP. Several actions and programs have been implemented, and investments in health and safety have increased substantially. We identified that such initiatives had limited participation by workers in their planning and elaboration. They did not prioritize the most critical problems, and emphasis was placed on the establishment of standards and audits to assess compliance with the prescription. Finally, it was observed that learning about severe or fatal occupational accidents is incipient and unstructured, and the system of consequences triggers workers' fear and insecurity, blaming, in general, the injured person for the occurrence, without considering the multiple factors that influence and condition the accident.

Mortalidad según tipos de ocupación en México, 2014 / Mortality by kind of occupation in Mexico, 2014

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los niveles de la mortalidad tomando en cuenta el tipo de ocupación de la población empleada en México. Método: se estimaron tablas de vida para cuatro grupos de ocupación: manual de baja calificación, manual de alta calificación, no manual de baja calificación y no manual de alta calificación, a partir de estas se estimaron las esperanzas de vida según ocupación para el año 2014. Resultados: la mortalidad se concentra en ocupaciones de alta calificación y mejor pagadas que se asocian con un mayor estrés y una vida sedentaria, relacionadas con la nueva dinámica de la globalización, flexibilidad y precariedad laboral.

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the levels of useful life in the account, the type of occupation of the employed population in Mexico. Method: see the tables of life for four groups of occupation: manual of low qualification, manual of high qualification, not manual of low qualification and not manual of high qualification, from these estimations of the life expectancies according to the correction for the year 2014. Results: mortality is concentrated in highly qualified occupations and the best pages are associated with greater stress and a sedentary life, are related to the new dynamics of globalization, flexibility and job insecurity.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. METHODS: A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. RESULTS: Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. CONCLUSIONS: The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.

A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle crashes and their injuries among the general and working populations / Revisión sistemática de la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir las colisiones de vehículos de motor y lesiones Asociados Resultantes en la población general y la población económicamente activa / Revisão sistemática da efetividade de intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e ferimentos na população geral e na população ativa

ABSTRACT Objective To summarize the best available international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to reduce motor vehicle collisions and their consequences among the working and general populations. Methods A broad and systematic review was conducted of the literature available in biomedical databases and grey literature. At least two investigators working in parallel performed data extraction, synthesis, and risk of bias analysis. Results Forty-one studies with low to moderate risk of bias were included. Of these, 18 had an ecological design (time series), 10 were quasi-experimental, one was a population survey, one was a randomized clinical trial, and 11 were systematic reviews. Conclusions The interventions that most consistently show a positive effect on incidence, morbidity, and mortality due to motor vehicle collisions are national policies or programs that: regulate, enforce, and penalize driving under the influence of alcohol; improve driving safety and driver conditions; improve road infrastructure with the purpose of preventing collisions; and educate and penalize drivers with a history of road violations.

RESUMEN Objetivo Resumir la mejor evidencia disponible a nivel internacional sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para reducir el número de colisiones de vehículos de motor y sus consecuencias en la población general y la población económicamente activa. Métodos Revisión amplia y sistemática de la bibliografía contenida en las bases de datos biomédicas y la literatura gris. Al menos dos investigadores trabajando en paralelo realizaron la extracción de datos, la síntesis y el análisis del riesgo de sesgo. Resultados Se incluyeron 41 estudios con un riesgo de sesgo bajo o moderado. De ellos, 18 tenían un diseño ecológico (series de tiempo), 10 eran cuasiexperimentales, 1 era una encuesta poblacional, 1 era un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y 11 eran revisiones sistemáticas. Conclusiones Las intervenciones que muestran más sistemáticamente un efecto positivo sobre la incidencia, la morbilidad y la mortalidad por colisiones de vehículos de motor son las políticas o programas nacionales que reglamentan, hacen cumplir los reglamentos y sancionan a quienes conducen bajo los efectos del alcohol; mejoran la seguridad al conducir y con respecto a los conductores; mejoran la infraestructura vial a fin de prevenir las colisiones; y educan y sancionan a los conductores con antecedentes de infracciones de las leyes de tránsito.

RESUMO Objetivo Sintetizar as melhores evidências científicas internacionais disponíveis sobre a efetividade das intervenções para reduzir os acidentes de trânsito e suas consequências na população geral e na população ativa. Métodos Foi realizada uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura em bases de dados biomédicas e da literatura cinzenta. A extração e a síntese dos dados e a análise de risco de viés foram conduzidas em paralelo por, pelo menos, dois pesquisadores. Resultados Foram selecionados para análise 41 estudos com risco de viés baixo a moderado. Destes, 18 possuíam design ecológico (série temporal), 10 eram estudos quase-experimentais, um estudo era um levantamento populacional, um era um estudo clínico randomizado e 11 eram revisões sistemáticas. Conclusões As intervenções que sistematicamente demonstraram um efeito positivo na incidência, morbidade e mortalidade de acidentes de trânsito são as políticas ou programas nacionais para regulamentar, cumprir as leis e aplicar sanções aos condutores que dirigem sob influência de álcool, melhorar a segurança e condições para condução de veículos, melhorar a infraestrutura viária visando evitar acidentes e educar e multar os condutores com histórico de infrações.

Suicide Mortality Across Broad Occupational Groups in Greece: A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the relationship between specific occupations and suicide mortality, as suicide rates differ by profession. The aim of this study was to investigate suicide mortality ratios across broad occupational groups in Greece for both sexes in the period 2000-2009. METHODS: Data of suicide deaths were retrieved from the Hellenic Statistical Authority and comparative mortality ratios were calculated. Occupational classification was based on the International Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) and the coding for Intentional self-harm (X60-X84) was based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: Male dominant occupations, mainly armed forces, skilled farmers and elementary workers, and female high-skilled occupations were seen as high risk groups for suicide in a period of 10 years. The age-productive group of 30-39 years in Greek male elementary workers and the 50-59 age-productive group of Greek professional women proved to have the most elevated number of suicide deaths. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed into the work-related stressors of occupations with high suicide mortality risk and focused suicide prevention strategies should be applied within vulnerable working age populations.

Utilização do método de captura-recaptura de casos para a melhoria do registro dos acidentes de trabalho fatais em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 2011 / El uso del métodode Captura-recaptura de casos para la mejora del registro de accidentes de trabajo fatales en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2011 / Use of capture-recapture method to improve fatal occupational accident records in Belo Horizonte city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 2011

OBJETIVO: mensurar o sub-registro de acidentes de trabalho típicos fatais (ATTF) no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2011. MÉTODOS: utilizou-se o método de captura-recaptura para estudo de todos os ATTF registrados no município, por residência e/ou ocorrência, mediante relacionamento probabilístico dos dados de três fontes - SIM, Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) e Banco de Necropsias do Instituto Médico Legal de Belo Horizonte. RESULTADOS: entre os 54 casos encontrados, a maioria foi de homens (n=53) e a metade ocorreu com motoristas e trabalhadores da construção civil (n=28); os acidentes de transporte (n=18) e as quedas (n=10) foram as causas mais comuns de óbito; houve subnotificação de 15 óbitos no SIM. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização do método de captura-recaptura contribuiu para a detecção do sub-registro de ATTF.

OBJETIVOS: estimar el subregistro de accidentes de trabajo típicos fatales (ATTF) en el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, en 2011. MÉTODOS: fue utilizado el método de captura-recaptura para el estudio de todos los ATTF registrados en el municipio, por residencia y/u ocurrencia, mediante relacionamiento probabilística de datos de tres fuentes- SIM, Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación (Sinan) y Banco de Necropsias del Instituto Médico-Legal de Belo Horizonte. RESULTADOS: entre los 54 casos de ATTF, la mayoría eran hombres (n=53); la mitad ocurrió enconductores y trabajadores de construcción civil (n=28); los accidentes de transporte (n=18) y las caídas (n=10) fueron las causas más comunes de óbito; hubo subnotificación de 15 óbitos en el SIM. CONCLUSIÓN: la utilización del método de captura-recaptura contribuye para la detección del subregistro de ATTF.

OBJECTIVE: to measure underreporting of typical fatal occupational injuries (FOI) on the Mortality Information System (SIM) in Belo Horizonte city, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2011. METHODS: the capture-recapture method was used to assess all FOI recorded among city residents and/or occurring in the city, using probabilistic linkage of three data sources: SIM, the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and the Belo Horizonte Forensic Medicine Institute Autopsy Database. RESULTS: the majority of the 54 cases found occurred in males (n=53), with drivers and construction workers accounting for half of them (n=28); the most common causes of death were traffic accidents (n=18) and falls (n=10); 15 deaths were underreported on SIM. CONCLUSION: the use of the capture-recapture method contributed to the detection of FOI underreporting.

Mortalidade por acidentes de trabalho entre trabalhadores da agropecuária no Brasil, 2000-2010 / Mortality from work-related accidents among agricultural workers in Brazil, 2000-2010 / Mortalidad por accidentes de trabajo entre trabajadores del sector agropecuario en Brasil, 2000-2010

Resumo: Estima-se a mortalidade anual por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária, 2000-2010, no Brasil. Empregou-se o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM), para identificar os casos. Dados faltantes para ocupação e acidente de trabalho foram recuperados com informações individuais disponíveis, e incorporados casos ao total. Dados da população são dos Censos Demográficos. Foram identificados 8.923 óbitos por acidentes de trabalho, sendo 44,8% destes resultantes da recuperação. Em 2000, a mortalidade bruta por acidentes de trabalho foi estimada em 6,4/100 mil trabalhadores, aumentando para 8,1/100 mil em 2003, quando declinou para 7,3/100 mil em 2010. Entre os homens, "projeções de animais ou veículos de tração animal" foram as circunstâncias mais comuns, mas em mulheres foram as intoxicações por agrotóxicos. A mortalidade geral por acidentes de trabalho na agropecuária foi baixa quando comparada à de outros países, sugerindo sub-registro residual apesar da recuperação, o que requer melhoria da qualidade dos registros. Medidas de prevenção sensíveis a diferenças de gênero são necessárias.

Abstract: This study estimated annual mortality from work-related injuries in agriculture in Brazil, 2000-2010. The Mortality Information System (SIM) was used to identify cases. Missing data for occupation and work-related injuries were retrieved through other available individual records and incorporated into total cases. Population data were obtained from the official censuses. A total of 8,923 deaths from work-related injuries were identified, of which 44.8% were located by data retrieval. In the year 2000, estimated crude mortality from work-related injuries was 6.4/100,000 workers, increasing to 8.1/100,000 in 2003 and declining to 7.3/100,000 in 2010. The leading circumstances of deaths in men involved "riding animals or using animal-drawn vehicles", whereas pesticide poisoning was the leading cause in women. Overall mortality from work-related injuries in agriculture was low when compared to that of other countries, suggesting residual under-recording despite data retrieval and thus calling for quality improvement in records. Gender-sensitive preventive measures are necessary.

Resumen: Se estima la mortalidad anual por accidentes de trabajo en el sector agropecuario, desde el año 2000 al 2010, en Brasil. Se empleó el Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM) para identificar los casos. Los datos ausentes sobre ocupación y accidentes de trabajo se recuperaron con la información individual disponible y se incorporaron al total. Los datos de la población son los de los censos demográficos. Se identificaron 8.923 óbitos por accidentes de trabajo, siendo un 44,8% de los mismos resultados del proceso de recuperación. En el 2000, la mortalidad bruta por accidentes de trabajo fue estimada en 6,4/100 mil trabajadores, aumentando en 8,1/100 mil en 2003, cuando descendió hasta 7,3/100 mil en 2010. Entre los hombres, "los accidentes con animales o vehículos de tracción animal" fueron las circunstancias más comunes, pero en mujeres fueron las intoxicaciones por pesticidas. La mortalidad general por accidentes de trabajo en el sector agropecuario fue baja, cuando se compara con la de otros países, sugiriendo un sub-registro residual a pesar de la recuperación, lo que requiere una mejoría de la calidad de los registros. Son necesarias medidas de prevención sensibles a las diferencias de género.

Suicide Mortality Across Broad Occupational Groups in Greece: A Descriptive Study

BACKGROUND: Several studies have investigated the relationship between specific occupations and suicide mortality, as suicide rates differ by profession. The aim of this study was to investigate suicide mortality ratios across broad occupational groups in Greece for both sexes in the period 2000-2009. METHODS: Data of suicide deaths were retrieved from the Hellenic Statistical Authority and comparative mortality ratios were calculated. Occupational classification was based on the International Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) and the coding for Intentional self-harm (X60-X84) was based on the international classification of diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: Male dominant occupations, mainly armed forces, skilled farmers and elementary workers, and female high-skilled occupations were seen as high risk groups for suicide in a period of 10 years. The age-productive group of 30-39 years in Greek male elementary workers and the 50-59 age-productive group of Greek professional women proved to have the most elevated number of suicide deaths. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed into the work-related stressors of occupations with high suicide mortality risk and focused suicide prevention strategies should be applied within vulnerable working age populations.