Medical Assistance in the De-Occupied Ukrainian Territory.

INTRODUCTION: The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has affected more people and destroyed a local public health facility. When some territories in Ukraine were de-occupied, national and international mobile clinics (MCs) were involved for medical assistance to local inhabitants. Knowledge about population health, medical, and humanitarian needs after they have been de-occupied has to improve planning for health system response. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to summarized the MC experience at the first month after the area was de-occupied, as well as to show out-patient visits and to identify a need for medicines and medical equipment in the MC. METHODS: The information related to the missions was obtained by direct observation and estimation on empirical data gathering in the field during a twelve-day mission in April-May 2022. All patients were divided by age, sex, and diseases according to the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10). During the twelve-day MC mission, medical assistance was provided for 478 out-patients. Descriptive statistical methods were undertaken using Microsoft Office 2019, Excel with data analysis. INTERVENTIONS: All out-patients were evaluated clinically. Personal medical cards were completed for each patient. Glucose testing as well as tests for coronavirus disease 2019/COVID-19 had been done, if it was necessary. All sick persons were treated for their disease. RESULTS: The priority needs for emergency and primary medical care, medicines, and hygienic and sanitation supplies after the area was de-occupied were fixed. The most frequent reasons for visiting the МС were: hypertension (27.6%), musculoskeletal-related (arthritis) diseases (26.9%), heart and peripheral vascular diseases (12.1%), upper gastrointestinal disorder (5.4%), upper respiratory infection (5.0%), and diabetes Type-2 (3.7%). Other diagnoses such as lower respiratory tract infection, diagnoses of the digestive system (hemorrhoids and perianal venous thrombosis), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/COPD or asthma, eye diseases, gynecology-related condition, menstrual condition, and urinary tract disorder were distributed almost equally (0.21%-2.51%) among the patient population. CONCLUSIONS: In the de-occupied territories, a health responder could be ready for medical assistance to patients with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as well as to support a person with psychological reactions who asked for sedatives and sleep-inducing medicines. These data clearly demonstrate that MCs must be equipped by blood pressure (BP) monitor, stethoscope, pulse oximeter, and diabetes testing kit glucose with essential medicines. This study improves health response planning for local civilian populations in de-occupied territory.

Modos de habitar y creación fotográfica con jóvenes del Kilómetro 41 / Modes of living and photographic creation with young people from Kilometer 41 / Modos de vida e criação fotográfica com jovens do Quilômetro 41

Resumen (analítico) En este artículo de investigación cualitativa, la tecnología fotográfica y la memoria visual se convierten en plataformas para producir expresiones artísticas de reconciliación. En tal sentido, la creación fotográfica se usó como medio para exteriorizar significados e interpretaciones visuales sobre un territorio. Estudiantes de una institución educativa rural participaron en talleres de creación fotográfica y laboratorios de fundamentación sobre memoria y reconciliación. Este trabajo empírico permitió aplicar instrumentos de observación participante, explorando el acto creativo a través de una guía de elementos que potenciaron posturas críticas de los jóvenes hacia el territorio. Los resultados de un modelo de acciones creativas, aplicado a procesos de pensamiento crítico, permitieron comprobar que el autorretrato fotográfico se convierte en un artefacto comunicativo autorreferenciado socialmente.

Abstract (analytical) In this qualitative research article, photographic technology and visual memory are used in platforms to produce artistic expressions of reconciliation. Photographic creation was used to express meanings and visual interpretations of a territory. Students from a rural school participated in photographic creation workshops and activities focused on memory and reconciliation. This empirical work facilitated the application of participant observation instruments, exploring the act of creation through a handbook that promoted critical thinking for young people regarding the territory. The results of a creative action model applied to critical thought processes verified that the photographic self-portrait becomes a socially self-referenced communicative artifact.

Resumo (analítico) Neste artigo de pesquisa qualitativa, a tecnologia fotográfica e memória visual tornam-se plataformas para produzir expressões artísticas de reconciliação. Nesse sentido, a criação fotográfica foi utilizada como um meio de externalizar significados visuais e interpretações de um território. Os alunos da instituição educacional rural Giovanni Montini participam de oficinas de criação fotográfica e de laboratórios de fundamentação em memória e reconciliação. Este trabalho empírico permitiu a aplicação de instrumentos de observação participante, explorando o ato criativo por meio de um guia de elementos (estruturação, navegação, programação e representação) que impulsionaram as posições críticas dos jovens em relação ao território. Os resultados de um modelo de ações criativas, aplicadas aos processos de pensamento crítico, permitiram verificar que o autoretrato fotográfico torna-se um dispositivo comunicativo socialmente auto-referenciado.

Na ausência de endereço, onde mora a saúde? Determinantes sociais e populações de ocupações / In the absence of an address, where does health live? Social determinants and occupation populations

RESUMO Pesquisa qualitativa cujo objetivo foi analisar a influência dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde no processo saúde-doença de população residente em área de ocupação de Campinas, com enfoque no acesso aos serviços de saúde, habitação (condições de moradia, água e esgoto) e trabalho (emprego e renda). Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com moradores e dados secundários oriundos de censo comunitário elaborado por lideranças locais para traçar o perfil sociodemográfico da população em estudo. Os resultados encontrados indicam desigualdades regionais reveladas nessa ocupação, onde a condição de pobreza, a miséria, a violência, o desemprego e a falta de acesso a direitos básicos de cidadania determinam a piora das condições de saúde de seus moradores. Conhecer e compreender como Determinantes Sociais da Saúde atuam no processo saúde-doença da população pode contribuir para que governos, profissionais de saúde e outros atores sociais, incluindo universidades públicas, intervenham, principalmente, com políticas públicas que busquem reduzir o impacto desses fatores e promover a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde dessas populações, vivendo na invisibilidade social, sujeitas a preconceitos e discriminação de diversas naturezas por parte da sociedade.

ABSTRACT Qualitative research in which the objective was to analyze the influence of the Social Determinants of Health on the health-disease process of the population living in the urban slum/occupation area of Campinas, focusing on access to health services, housing (housing, water, and sewage conditions) and work (employment and income). Semi-structured interviews with residents and secondary data from a community census prepared by local leaders were used to trace the sociodemographic profile of the population under study. The results found indicate regional inequalities revealed in the occupation, where the condition of poverty, misery, violence, unemployment, and lack of access to basic citizenship rights determine the worsening of the health conditions of its residents. Knowing and understanding how Social Determinants of Health work in the health-disease process of the population can contribute so that governments, health professionals, and other social actors, including public universities, can intervene, mainly with public policies that seek to reduce the impact of these factors and promote the improvement of living conditions and health of these populations, living in social invisibility, subject to prejudice and discrimination of various kinds by society in general.