Antioxidant Capacity through Electrochemical Methods and Chemical Composition of Oenocarpus bataua and Gustavia macarenensis from the Ecuadorian Amazon.

This study evaluated the antioxidant properties and chemical composition of the seeds, pulp and peels of Ungurahua (Oenocarpus bataua) and Pasu (Gustavia macarenensis)-fruits, native to the Ecuadorian Amazon. The antioxidant capacity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cyclic voltammetry (antioxidant index 50 (AI50)) assays; differential pulse voltammetry was used to evaluate antioxidant power using the electrochemical index. The total phenolic content, as well as the yellow flavonoid and anthocyanin content, were quantified via spectrophotometry. In addition, the trans-resveratrol and ascorbic acid content were evaluated through high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was used to identify secondary metabolites with possible therapeutic properties. Results showed that the Pasu peel and seed extracts had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by the Ungurahua peel; these results were consistent for both spectroscopic and electrochemical assays. HPLC and UPLC-MS analysis suggest that Oenocarpus bataua and Gustavia macarenensis are important sources of beneficial bioactive compounds.

Use of bacaba peel for the development of hydroelectrolytic beverages and their consumer acceptance

Abstract The hydroelectrolytic beverages segment has been expading its market and introducing new flavors in order to meet the demand for new products. However, experimental studies find concerns about the chemical compositions of these drinks. The aim of this study was to develop a drink without synthetic coloring or flavoring, with functional attributes based on the bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) peel extract. Two hydroelectrolytic drinks were developed, one hypotonic and the other isotonic, containing 0.5 and 1.0% of bacaba peel extract. Physicochemical characterization, determination of total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were perfomed, in addition to color evaluation, as well as sensory analysis by means of preference tests. The developed formulations showed potential antioxidant activity and natural red coloring due to the phenolic compounds and anthocyanins present in the beverages. The sensory evaluation indicated positive acceptance by the tasters regarding the addition of the bacaba peel extract to the beverage formulations. The developed formulations demonstrated that the use of the bacaba peel is a viable option for the production of sports drinks, acting as a natural dye and offering health benefits due to its bioactive compounds.

Antioxidant, Antiproliferative and Anti-Enzymatic Capacities, Nutritional Analysis and UHPLC-PDA-MS Characterization of Ungurahui Palm Fruits (Oenocarpus bataua Mart) from the Peruvian Amazon.

Ungurahui, or Patawa, fruits are a popular fruit and medicinal food used in the Amazon. Here, we have studied nine natural populations of ungurahui from the Peruvian Amazon regarding their nutritional and biological activities, including metal composition, proximal analyses, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibition activities. Twenty-four compounds have been detected in these Peruvian natural populations by UHPLC-MS, including nine phenolic acids (peaks 1-6, 8, 9 and 11), four C-glycosyl flavonoids (peaks 12, 16, 17 and 18), two flavonols (peaks 7 and 10), one flavanol (peak 15), three anthocyanins (peaks 13, 14 and 22) and five resveratrol derivatives (peaks 19-21, 23 and 24). Sample 9, Tunaants, showed the highest DPPH clearing capacity regarding the content of Trolox equivalents (2208.79 µmol Trolox/g), but an ORAC test of the sample collected in San Lorenzo showed the highest clearing activity (1222.28 µmol Trolox/g) and the sample collected in Allpahuayo Mishana showed the most powerful ABTS (1803.72 µmol Trolox/g). The sample from Jenaro Herrera was the most powerful in AChe inhibition (IC50 2.05 ± 0.03 µg/mL), followed by the sample from Contamana (IC50 2.43 ± 0.12 µg/mL). In BChE inhibition, the sample from Palestina was the most active (4.42 ± 0.06 µg/mL), followed by samples from Tunaants and San Lorenzo. The differences among bioactivities can be related to the different growing conditions of the populations of ungurahui. The palm tree fruit proved to be a good source of natural antioxidants and dietary fatty acids, and their consumption represents an alternative for the prevention of neurodegenerative or related non-chronic transmittable diseases.

Emerging Lipids from Arecaceae Palm Fruits in Brazil.

Arecaceae palm tree fruits (APTFs) with pulp or kernel rich in oil are widely distributed in six Brazilian biomes. APTFs represent a great potential for the sustainable exploitation of products with high added value, but few literature studies have reported their properties and industrial applications. The lack of information leads to underutilization, low consumption, commercialization, and processing of these fruit species. This review presents and discusses the occurrence of 13 APTFs and the composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and potential applications of their 25 oils and fats. The reported studies showed that the species present different lipid profiles. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated a correlation between the composition of pulp and kernel oils. Myristic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids are the main saturated fatty acids, while oleic acid is the main unsaturated. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds are the main bioactive compounds in APTFs, contributing to their high oxidative stability. The APTFs oils have a potential for use as foods and ingredients in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. However, more studies are still necessary to better understand and exploit these species.

Estabilidade de antocianinas e da cor em polpa de bacaba conservada por métodos combinados / Stability of the anthocyanins and the color bacaba pulp stored by combined methods

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a estabilidade das antocianinas e da cor de polpa de bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart) durante o armazenamento a 25ºC em função de tratamentos combinados: pasteurização (85°C / 3min.), acidificação com acido cítrico (pH 3,7), adição de sacarose (0, 15 e 30% p/p) e adição de conservantes químicos (sorbato de potássio (0, 0,05 e 0,1% p/p), e metabissulfito de sódio (0, 0,01 e 0,02% p/p)). Um planejamento experimental completo do tipo fatorial 32 foi utilizado na elaboração das formulações, que foram armazenadas em BOD, a 25°C, durante 4 meses, sendo que a cada 30 dias eram determinadas as características colorimétricas e o teor de antocianinas. Dos resultados observou-se que, dentro do tempo de armazenamento estudado o teor de antocianinas decresceu após o primeiro mês de armazenamento, com relação a variações de cor, foi observada uma diminuição de a*, H* e C* possivelmente em razão da perda de pigmentos.(AU)

Caracterização física, química e colorimétrica da polpa de bacaba / Characterization physical, chemical and colorimetric of bacaba pulp

O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar as características físicas, químicas e colorimétricas da polpa de bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart), para tanto ela foi submetida a análises de umidade, lipídeos, proteínas, cinzas, acidez, pH, açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água, fibras, parâmetros de cor (L*, a*, b*, ângulo(H*), croma(C*)), antocianinas e carotenoides. Dos resultados observou-se que um alto valor calórico (97,13 Kcal/100g), sendo a maior parte destas calorias proveniente dos lipídeos. Dentre os componentes analisados obtiveram destaque os lipídeos, fibras, antocianinas e carotenoides sendo os percentuais encontrados de lipídeos (9,45%), fibra detergente neutro - FDN (5,91%), antocianinas (27,11±0,33 mg/kg Cian-3-gli) e carotenoides (6,47±0,24 μ g/g de beta-caroteno). Assim a polpa de bacaba apresentou características interessantes nutricionalmente principalmente quanto ao teor de fibras, antocianinas e carotenoides.(AU)

Caracterização física, química e colorimétrica da polpa de bacaba / Characterization physical, chemical and colorimetric of bacaba pulp

O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar as características físicas, químicas e colorimétricas da polpa de bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart), para tanto ela foi submetida a análises de umidade, lipídeos, proteínas, cinzas, acidez, pH, açúcares redutores, açúcares totais, sólidos solúveis, atividade de água, fibras, parâmetros de cor (L*, a*, b*, ângulo(H*), croma(C*)), antocianinas e carotenoides. Dos resultados observou-se que um alto valor calórico (97,13 Kcal/100g), sendo a maior parte destas calorias proveniente dos lipídeos. Dentre os componentes analisados obtiveram destaque os lipídeos, fibras, antocianinas e carotenoides sendo os percentuais encontrados de lipídeos (9,45%), fibra detergente neutro - FDN (5,91%), antocianinas (27,11±0,33 mg/kg Cian-3-gli) e carotenoides (6,47±0,24 μ g/g de beta-caroteno). Assim a polpa de bacaba apresentou características interessantes nutricionalmente principalmente quanto ao teor de fibras, antocianinas e carotenoides.

Estabilidade de antocianinas e da cor em polpa de bacaba conservada por métodos combinados / Stability of the anthocyanins and the color bacaba pulp stored by combined methods

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a estabilidade das antocianinas e da cor de polpa de bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart) durante o armazenamento a 25ºC em função de tratamentos combinados: pasteurização (85°C / 3min.), acidificação com acido cítrico (pH 3,7), adição de sacarose (0, 15 e 30% p/p) e adição de conservantes químicos (sorbato de potássio (0, 0,05 e 0,1% p/p), e metabissulfito de sódio (0, 0,01 e 0,02% p/p)). Um planejamento experimental completo do tipo fatorial 32 foi utilizado na elaboração das formulações, que foram armazenadas em BOD, a 25°C, durante 4 meses, sendo que a cada 30 dias eram determinadas as características colorimétricas e o teor de antocianinas. Dos resultados observou-se que, dentro do tempo de armazenamento estudado o teor de antocianinas decresceu após o primeiro mês de armazenamento, com relação a variações de cor, foi observada uma diminuição de a*, H* e C* possivelmente em razão da perda de pigmentos.

Centesimal and mineral composition and antioxidant activity of the bacaba fruit peel / Composição centesimal, mineral e potencial antioxidante da casca do fruto de bacaba

Oenocarpus bacaba Mart. is a palm tree native from Amazon with highlighted antioxidant activities. Its fruit (bacaba) processing dismisses the peel, which has nutrients that can collaborate for its antioxidant activity and preventing diseases. Thus, this study assessed the centesimal and mineral composition, physicochemical characterization (acidity, total soluble solids, pH, and color), total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu method), anthocyanins and antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2 difenil-1-picril hidrazil) method in bacaba peels. For the centesimal composition, it was found 4.87, 1.42, 29.13, 1.08 and 63.32 g 100 g-1 for water content, ashes, lipids, proteins, and total carbohydrates, respectively. For the mineral composition, it was found 582.97, 79.00, 51.79, 0.625, 37.02, 2.37 and 77.12 mg 100g-1 contents for potassium, sodium, magnesium, copper, calcium, manganese, and phosphorus, respectively. The physicochemical characterization showed pH 5.66, titratable acidity 0.306% of citric acid, total soluble solids 9,75, and coordinates L* a* e b* of 19.03, 8.07 and 9.25, respectively. Phenolic contents were 42.07 mg EAG g-1. The antioxidant potential IC50 was 1.07 mg mL-1 and anthocyanins 37.31 mg 100 g-1. Results show that bacaba peels are an alternate source of nutrients suggesting their use in food as well cosmetic industries, especially for their antioxidant activity and mineral composition

Oenocarpus bacaba MART. (bacaba) é uma palmeira nativa da Amazônia que se destaca por suas propriedades antioxidantes. O processamento de seu fruto gera a casca como produto de descarte, que possui nutrientes que podem colaborar na ação antioxidante e na prevenção de doenças. Assim, o presente trabalho avaliou a composição centesimal e mineral, caracterização físico-química (acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, pH e cor), fenóis totais (método de Folin-Ciocalteu), antocianinas e potencial antioxidante pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1-picril hidrazil) em cascas de bacaba. Para a composição centesimal verificou-se teores (%) de 4.87, 1.42, 29.13, 1.08 e 63.32 para o teor de água, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas e carboidratos totais, respectivamente. Para a composição mineral foi encontrado teores (mg100g-1) de 582.97, 79.00, 51.79, 0.625, 37.02, 2.37 e 77.12 para potássio, sódio, magnésio, cobre, cálcio, manganês e fósforo, respectivamente. A caracterização físico-química apresentou valores de pH de 5.66, acidez titulável de 0.306% de ácido cítrico, sólido solúveis totais de 9.75 e cor nas coordenadas L* a* e b* com valores de 19.03, 8.07 e 9.25 . Para o teor de fenóis foi encontrado 42.07 mg EAG.g-1. O EC50 para a potencial antioxidante foi de 1.07 mg.mL-1 e o teor de antocianinas foi de 37.31 mg.100g-1. Os resultados mostram que as cascas de bacaba são uma fonte alternativa de nutrientes sugerindo seu aproveitamento na indústria alimentícia e cosmética, principalmente pela sua potencial atividade antioxidante e composição em minerais.

Phenolic compounds are highly correlated to the antioxidant capacity of genotypes of Oenocarpus distichus Mart. fruits.

This research aimed to evaluate 32 genotypes of Oenocarpus distichus fruits regarding the contents of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavanols, monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH assays), and the phenolic compound profiles of the five genotypes that presented the highest yields of bioactive compounds. The genotypes were harvested in three different locations in Pará State, Northern Brazil, (Belém, São João do Araguaia and Marabá). Among the 32 genotypes, the highest bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity were found for three genotypes harvested in Belém (B-3, B-7 and B-8) and two harvested in São João do Araguaia (SJ-1 and SJ-4), and the total phenolic compounds varied from 131.97 to 363.01 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, total flavonoids from 24.23 to 38.19 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, total flavanols from 72.29 to 259.18 mg catechin equivalent/100 g, and monomeric anthocyanins from 21.31 to 67.76 mg cyanidin 3-rutinoside/100 g. The main phenolic compounds tentatively identified in the five selected genotypes were cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside (48.47 to 196.51 µg/g), which could be identified and quantified as the major phenolic compound in Oenocarpus distichus fruits, for the first time, followed by chlorogenic acid (0.71 to 64.56 µg/g) and rutin (13.98 to 56.76 µg/g).

Frequency-dependent selection for rare genotypes promotes genetic diversity of a tropical palm.

Negative frequency-dependent selection among species is a key driver of community diversity in natural systems, but the degree to which negative frequency-dependent selection shapes patterns of survival and genetic diversity within species is poorly understood. In a 5-year field experiment, we show that seedlings of a tropical palm with rare genotypes had a pronounced survival advantage over seedlings with common genotypes, with effect sizes comparable to that of light availability. This 'rare genotype advantage' led to an increase in population-wide genetic diversity among seedlings compared to null expectations, as predicted by negative frequency-dependent selection, and increased reproductive success in adult trees with rare genotypes. These results suggest that within-species negative frequency-dependent selection of genotypes can shape genetic variation on ecologically relevant timescales in natural systems and may be a key, overlooked source of non-random mortality for tropical plants.

Amazonian Native Palm Fruits as Sources of Antioxidant Bioactive Compounds.

The Amazon region has many sources of fruits, especially native ones not yet explored, but which have some potential for use, as is the case with certain palms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the content of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacities of fruits from native palms from the Brazilian Amazon. The fruits of five palm species (bacaba, buriti, inajá, pupunha, and tucumã) were evaluated for levels of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, yellow flavonoids, total carotenoids, and total extractable polyphenols, as well as the total antioxidant capacities. The fruits had high contents of extractable total polyphenols, especially bacaba and tucumã (941.56 and 158.98 mg of galic acid·100g(-1)), total carotenoids in the case of tucumã and buriti (7.24 and 4.67 mg·100g(-1)), and anthocyanins in bacaba (80.76 mg·100g(-1)). As for the antioxidant capacity, bacaba had the highest total antioxidant activity by the Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) (194.67 µM·Trolox·g(-1)), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (47.46 g·pulp·g(-1) DPPH), and ß-carotene/linoleic acid (92.17% Oxidation Inhibition (O.I) methods. Bacaba phenolic profile revealed the presence of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and other flavonoids. The palm fruits studied can be considered good sources of bioactive compounds, some containing higher amounts than that of commonly consumed fruits. Total extractable polyphenols and anthocyanins were directly correlated to antioxidant activity in these fruits.

Frugivoría y dispersión de semillas de la palma Oenocarpus bataua (Arecaceae) en un bosque de los Andes colombianos / Frugivory and seed dispersal Oenocarpus bataua palm (Arecaceae) in a forest from the Colombian Andes

Seed dispersal is a key process that determines the spatial structure and dynamics of populations of plants, establishes the potential area of recruitment and in this way, the basis for subsequent processes such as predation, germination, competition and growth. The purpose of this research was to identify the guild of frugivores of the Oenocapus bataua palm in fragments of Andean forest, determine the effective dispersers and relate the spatial distribution of palm populations with the dispersion of seeds. To this end, between August 2005-June 2006, observations of the removal of fruits from eight clusters were done, and counting of consumption of fruits beneath 78 palms with mature fruits was undertaken; focal observations of 13 individuals during 90 hours; registration of frugivory with photographic traps during 165 days/nights for a total of 195 photographs and 144 consumption events; experiments with dispersion using 751 perforated fruits/seeds attached to strings and finally, plots to determine spatial distribution all were carried out. In the study area at least five species of mammals ate, dispersed, buried (Sciurus granatensis, Microsciurus mimulus, Dasyprocta punctata y Proechimys sp.), cover (Marmosa robinsoni) and carried the fruits of O. bataua off to caves (Marmosa robinsoni y Proechimys sp.) without damaging the seed. A 21.7% of the fruits were dispersed, 13.2 gnawed or peeled, 5.6% covered, buried and carried to caves. The average distance of removal of seeds and fruits was 3.1m although in a lesser proportion, dispersion events of >50m were recorded. The abundant production of fruits, their size and weight, their intense removal by frugivores, the short dispersion distances, the absence of large size frugivores (reduced by hunting and fragmentation), that might perform long-distance dispersion, and the increase of rodents, especially squirrels, that strongly pressure the fruit resource, generate a spatially restricted ...

En zonas bajas tropicales, en bosques continuos y relativamente poco intervenidos, los frutos de la palma Oenocarpus bataua Mart., son consumidos por diversas especies de vertebrados, sin embargo, no hay estudios de dispersión de más largo plazo con esta especie. Entre agosto 2005-septiembre 2006 se realizaron observaciones de remoción de frutos, conteo de frutos comidos, observaciones focales, registros de frugivoría mediante trampas fotográficas, experimentos de dispersión y parcelas para determinar distribución espacial de Oenocarpus bataua. Cinco especies de mamíferos comen, dispersan, entierran (Sciurus granatensis, Microsciurus mimulus, Dasyprocta punctata y Proechimys sp.), tapan (Marmosa robinsoni) y llevan a las cuevas (Marmosa robinsoni y Proechimys sp.), los frutos de O. bataua, sin dañar la semilla. El 21.7% de los frutos fueron dispersados, 13.2% roídos o pelados, 5.6% tapados, enterrados y llevados a cuevas. La distancia media de remoción de semillas y frutos fue 3.1m, aunque en menor proporción se registraron eventos de dispersión > a 50m. La abundante producción, el tamaño, el peso, la intensa remoción de los frutos por frugívoros, las cortas distancias de dispersión, la ausencia de frugívoros de gran porte disminuidos por cacería y fragmentación, encargados de la dispersión de larga distancia y el aumento de roedores, especialmente ardillas que presionan fuertemente el recurso frutos, generan una lluvia de semillas espacialmente restringida, posiblemente responsable de los patrones de distribución agregados en semillas, plántulas y posteriormente en juveniles y sub-adultos.

Estudio comparativo del consumo de aceite de oliva virgen o seje sobre el perfil lipídico y la resistencia a la oxidación de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) del plasma de rata / Comparative study of the consumption of virgin olive oil or seje on lipid profile and oxidation resistance of high density lipoprotein (HDL) of rat plasma

Nosotros comparamos los efectos del consumo de aceite de seje (Oenocarpus bataua), con respecto el de oliva virgen sobre la concentración de los lípidos del plasma y de la susceptibilidad de oxidación in vitro de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) en la rata Sprague Dawley. Dos grupos de 10 ratas macho, fueron alimentados ad libitum por un lapso de 8 semanas, con una dieta purificada que contenía 10g aceite de seje u oliva/100 g de dieta (GS y GO respectivamente). Se extrajo la sangre a los animales previo ayuno de 14 horas. El plasma fue aislado por centrifugación, y las fracciones de lipoproteínas se separaron por ajuste de densidad y ultracentrifugaciones sucesivas. Las HDL de ambos grupos fueron oxidadas por incubación con iones cobre. La diferencia de susceptibilidad de oxidación de las HDL fue estudiada midiendo la formación de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) a las 3 horas. Las ratas del GO presentaron una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la concentración de los triglicéridosTG (p<0.05) comparada con las ratas del GS. Las HDL del GS experimentaron una disminucion estadisticamente significativa de la susceptibilidad de oxidacion de las HDL respecto las HDL GO. Esto puede ser atribuido a la mas baja concentracion de acidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI) en las HDL GS comparado con las HDL del GO.

We compared the effect of the consumption of seje oil (Oenocarpus bataua), with that of olive oil, on plasma lipids and susceptibility in vitro to oxidation of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in the rat. Two groups of ten male Sprague Dawley rats were fed ad libitum, for a lapse of eight week, with a purified diets with 10g de seje oil or olive oil/ 100 g of diet (GS y GO respectively). The animals were exsanguinated at the end of the experimental after a 14 hour fast. Plasma was isolated by centrifugation, and the fractions of lipoproteins were separated from the plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation. Rats of GO had a statistically significant lower in concentration of TG (p.

Emergência e crescimento de plântulas de bacabi (Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) e bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos

It was studied genetic variability in the progenies of bacabi ( Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) and bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) for the characters of emergency and initial growth of the changes. One collected mature fruits of 47 matrices in yards of rurais producers yards and from the Germoplasm Bank of the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental in Belém, involving the study of 47 progenies open polinization delineated in blocks experimental design with four replications and parcels of 24 seeds. The variances analyzed were: the emergency percentage (PE), the average time of emergency (TME), the rate of absolute growth of the height of seedling (TCAA) and rate of absolute growth of the diameter of seedling (TCAD). The progenies showed significant statistic differences (p 0,01) for all the analyzed characters for the two species, with excellent experimental precision. In general, for herdability, it was verified that in the total set of progenies and the set of progenies of bacabi all the studied characters had presented estimates of herdability above of 50%. The exceptions had been for TME and TCAD, in the set of progenies of bacaba, with estimates of herdability below of 50%. The "b" coefficients showed the same trend observed in herdability, and their magnitudes also express the genetic variability. The gains of selection available take off the percentages of the pre-determined selection showed values highest for all the characters, were auspicious for the pression of the selection with intensity of the 10% for the total of progenies and alone bacabi and 20% to progenies of the bacaba.

Foi estudada a variabilidade genética em progênies de bacabi (Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) e bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) para caracteres de emergência e crescimento inicial de mudas. Foram coletados frutos maduros de 47 matrizes em quintais de produtores rurais e no Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, envolvendo análise de 47 progênies de polinização aberta delineadas em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas de 24 sementes. As variáveis avaliadas foram: a percentagem de emergência (PE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), taxa de crescimento absoluto da altura de plântulas (TCAA) e taxa de crescimento absoluto do diâmetro de plântulas (TCAD). As progênies apresentaram diferenças significativas (p0,01) para todos os caracteres da análise das duas espécies, com boa precisão experimental. Para a herdabilidade no sentido amplo foi verificado que no conjunto total de progênies e no conjunto de progênies de bacabi todos os caracteres estudados apresentaram estimativas de herdabilidade acima de 50%. As exceções foram para TME e TCAD, no conjunto de progênies de bacaba, com estimativas de herdabilidade abaixo de 50%. Os coeficientes "b" apresentaram a mesma tendência observada na herdabilidade, e suas magnitudes expressam também a variabilidade genética. Os ganhos de seleção estimados a partir das porcentagens de seleção pré-determinados mostraram valores altos para todos os caracteres, favorecidos pela pressão de seleção com uma intensidade de 10% para o total de progênies e apenas bacabi e 20% para as progênies somente de bacaba.

Emergência e crescimento de plântulas de bacabi (Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) e bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) e estimativas de parâmetros genéticos

It was studied genetic variability in the progenies of bacabi ( Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) and bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) for the characters of emergency and initial growth of the changes. One collected mature fruits of 47 matrices in yards of rurais producers yards and from the Germoplasm Bank of the Embrapa Amazônia Oriental in Belém, involving the study of 47 progenies open polinization delineated in blocks experimental design with four replications and parcels of 24 seeds. The variances analyzed were: the emergency percentage (PE), the average time of emergency (TME), the rate of absolute growth of the height of seedling (TCAA) and rate of absolute growth of the diameter of seedling (TCAD). The progenies showed significant statistic differences (p 0,01) for all the analyzed characters for the two species, with excellent experimental precision. In general, for herdability, it was verified that in the total set of progenies and the set of progenies of bacabi all the studied characters had presented estimates of herdability above of 50%. The exceptions had been for TME and TCAD, in the set of progenies of bacaba, with estimates of herdability below of 50%. The "b" coefficients showed the same trend observed in herdability, and their magnitudes also express the genetic variability. The gains of selection available take off the percentages of the pre-determined selection showed values highest for all the characters, were auspicious for the pression of the selection with intensity of the 10% for the total of progenies and alone bacabi and 20% to progenies of the bacaba.

Foi estudada a variabilidade genética em progênies de bacabi (Oenocarpus mapora Karsten) e bacaba (Oenocarpus distichus Mart.) para caracteres de emergência e crescimento inicial de mudas. Foram coletados frutos maduros de 47 matrizes em quintais de produtores rurais e no Banco de Germoplasma da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, envolvendo análise de 47 progênies de polinização aberta delineadas em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e parcelas de 24 sementes. As variáveis avaliadas foram: a percentagem de emergência (PE), tempo médio de emergência (TME), taxa de crescimento absoluto da altura de plântulas (TCAA) e taxa de crescimento absoluto do diâmetro de plântulas (TCAD). As progênies apresentaram diferenças significativas (p0,01) para todos os caracteres da análise das duas espécies, com boa precisão experimental. Para a herdabilidade no sentido amplo foi verificado que no conjunto total de progênies e no conjunto de progênies de bacabi todos os caracteres estudados apresentaram estimativas de herdabilidade acima de 50%. As exceções foram para TME e TCAD, no conjunto de progênies de bacaba, com estimativas de herdabilidade abaixo de 50%. Os coeficientes "b" apresentaram a mesma tendência observada na herdabilidade, e suas magnitudes expressam também a variabilidade genética. Os ganhos de seleção estimados a partir das porcentagens de seleção pré-determinados mostraram valores altos para todos os caracteres, favorecidos pela pressão de seleção com uma intensidade de 10% para o total de progênies e apenas bacabi e 20% para as progênies somente de bacaba.

First record of Anastrepha parishi Stone (Diptera, Tephritidae) and its host in Brazil

Anastrepha parishi Stone, 1942 was reared in fruits of Oenocarpus bacaba Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae) collected in Pracuúba, State of Amapá. This is the first record of an Anastrepha species in a native species of Arecaceae.

Anastrepha parishi Stone, 1942 foi obtida de amostras de frutos de Oenocarpus bacaba Martius, 1823 (Arecaceae), coletadas em Pracuúba, estado do Amapá. Este é também o primeiro registro de uma espécie de Anastrepha obtida de uma espécie nativa de Arecaceae.