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1.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 56(3): [102809], Mar. 2024. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230997

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar fortalezas, obstáculos, cambios en el entorno y capacidades de los equipos y unidades de apoyo en atención primaria, con el objetivo de proporcionar atención de alta calidad en un área de salud integrada. Diseño: Estudio de métodos mixtos basado en la matriz DAFO y el análisis CAME. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria, Comunidad Valenciana. Participantes: En total han participado 271 profesionales de los diferentes colectivos y representantes de asociaciones de pacientes, 99 en la fase de captura de ideas, 154 en la fase de elaboración de la matriz DAFO y 18 en la fase de elaboración del análisis CAME. Intervenciones: Se condujo un análisis DAFO-CAME a partir del cual se establecieron líneas de acción. La captura de información se realizó mediante grupos nominales, la fase de consenso integrando al conjunto de profesionales mediante Delphi y conferencia de consenso. Mediciones principales: Priorización de propuestas para mantener las fortalezas, afrontar las amenazas, explotar las oportunidades, corregir las debilidades en el marco de un plan de acción de un área de salud integrada. Resultados: Se propusieron un total de 82 ideas diferentes (20 fortalezas, 40 debilidades, 4 amenazas, 12 oportunidades y 6 amenazas-oportunidades). Este análisis condujo a un plan estratégico con 7 líneas y 33 acciones/intervenciones priorizadas. Conclusiones: Atención integrada buscando fórmulas colaborativas entre niveles asistenciales, redefinición de roles, soluciones digitales, capacitación del personal y mejoras en equipamientos y procesos de soporte, junto a medidas para afrontar el envejecimiento de la población y las necesidades de centros sociosanitarios constituyen los retos sobre los que actuar.(AU)


Objective: To identify strengths, obstacles, changes in the environment, and capabilities of primary care teams and support units, with the aim of providing high-quality care in an integrated healthcare area. Design: Mixed methods study based on the SWOT matrix and CAME analysis. Location: Primary care, Valencian community. Participants: A total of 271 professionals from different collectives and patient association representatives participated. 99 in the idea generation phase, 154 in the SWOT matrix development phase, and 18 in the CAME analysis development phase. Interventions: A SWOT-CAME analysis was conducted, from which action lines were established. Information capture was carried out through nominal groups, and the consensus phase involved integrating all professionals through Delphi and consensus conference techniques. Main measurements: Prioritization of proposals to maintain strengths, address threats, exploit opportunities, and correct weaknesses within the framework of an integrated healthcare area action plan. Results: A total of 82 different ideas were proposed (20 strengths; 40 weaknesses; 4 threats; 12 opportunities; 6 threats-opportunities), which, once prioritized, were translated into 7 lines and 33 prioritized actions/interventions (CAME analysis). Conclusions: Integrated care, seeking collaborative approaches between care levels, redefining roles, digital solutions, staff training, and improvements in equipment and support processes, along with measures to address the aging population and the needs of socio-sanitary centers, constitute the challenges to be addressed.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Assistência ao Paciente , Visita Domiciliar , Espanha , Gestão em Saúde , Sistemas de Saúde
2.
Nutr. hosp ; 41(1): 86-95, Ene-Feb, 2024. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-230888

RESUMO

Antecedentes: un estilo de alimentación saludable, específicamente la dieta mediterránea (DMed), es un factor asociado a bajo riesgo, menorprevalencia y mejor manejo de las enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, existe información limitada respecto a cómo los pacientes incorporanpropuestas de este patrón alimentario en su vida cotidiana.Objetivo: identificar factores y condiciones que pueden influir en la adherencia a la DMed en Chile.Métodos: estudio cualitativo exploratorio en 17 pacientes de ambos sexos de entre 35 y 65 años que presentaban algún criterio diagnósticode síndrome metabólico (SMet). Mediante entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales se indagaron el conocimiento, la valoración, las actitudesy las prácticas asociadas a cambios y mantenimiento de alimentación con énfasis en la DMed. El análisis de la información se realizó bajo elenfoque de teoría fundada usando el softwar e ATLAS.ti.Resultados: los participantes reconocieron el valor de una alimentación saludable tipo DMed, pero declararon bajo conocimiento (identificaciónde algunos alimentos aislados) de ella, junto con facilitadores (variedad de ingredientes) y limitantes (sabor, disponibilidad/costo de algunosalimentos) para su adopción rutinaria. Además, el cambio de hábitos alimentarios genera alta carga cognitiva y emocional inicial que requiereesfuerzo no solo individual sino también relacional, pues implica modificaciones de prácticas familiares y colectivas.Conclusiones: la información obtenida sobre barreras y oportunidades para adherir a una alimentación saludable como la DMed resulta clavepara diseñar e implementar intervenciones nutricionales basadas en este patrón alimentario y que puedan ser sostenibles en el tiempo para elenfrentamiento de las enfermedades crónicas en Chile.(AU)


Background: a healthy food intake pattern, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a factor associated with reduced risk, lowerprevalence, and better management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding how patients integrate proposals foradherence to this food pattern in their daily lives.Objective: to identify factors and conditions that influence adherence to the MedDiet in Chile.Methods: an exploratory qualitative study was applied in 35 to 65-year-old patients of both sexes who presented at least one diagnostic criterionof metabolic syndrome (MetS). Through in-depth interviews and focal groups, knowledge, assessment, attitudes, and practices associated withchanges and maintenance of healthy eating habits, with emphasis on the MedDiet, were investigated. Information analysis was carried out underthe grounded theory approach using the ATLAS.ti software.Results: participants recognized the value of healthy eating, including the MedDiet, but declared low knowledge (identification of single foodsitems) together with facilitators (variety of ingredients) and limiting factors (taste, availability/cost of some items, family dynamics) for its routineadoption. In addition, change in eating habits generates a high initial cognitive and emotional load that requires not only individual but alsorelational effort as it implies modifications of family and collective practices.Conclusions: information obtained on barriers and opportunities to adhere to healthy eating such as the MedDiet is key to design and implementnutritional interventions based on this food pattern and that can be sustainable in time for chronic disease management in Chile.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Dieta Mediterrânea , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Síndrome Metabólica , Dieta Saudável , Doença Crônica/terapia , Ciências da Nutrição , Chile , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Inquéritos e Questionários , Grupos Focais
3.
SciELO Preprints; fev. 2024.
Preprint em Inglês | SciELO Preprints | ID: pps-8062

RESUMO

Objective. Evaluate the pattern of contact with the healthcare system, including prison health facilities, and HIV testing. Method. This was a quantitative case-control study of HIV infected and uninfected incarcerated people serving time in 2019 in the Federal District, matched by age. Results. There was no difference in the pattern of contact with the healthcare system or the pattern of testing between HIV-infected and uninfected incarcerated people. Most of the infected patients were diagnosed in the prison environment and had early infections, demonstrating the effectiveness of screening in this scenario. Conclusion: The pattern of contact with the healthcare system among the individuals in this study probably reflects that of young men in general, i.e., less contact with primary care outpatient services and trauma as the main reason for contact in emergency departments. 


Objetivo. Evaluar el patrón de contacto con el sistema sanitario, incluidos los centros sanitarios penitenciarios, y las pruebas del VIH. Método. Estudio cuantitativo de casos y controles de personas infectadas y no infectadas por el VIH que cumplían condena en 2019 en el Distrito Federal, emparejadas por edad. Resultados. No hubo diferencias en el patrón de contacto con el sistema de salud ni en el patrón de realización de pruebas entre personas encarceladas infectadas y no infectadas por VIH. La mayoría de los pacientes infectados fueron diagnosticados en el medio penitenciario y presentaron infecciones precoces, lo que demuestra la eficacia del cribado en este escenario. Conclusiones. El patrón de contacto con el sistema sanitario entre los individuos de este estudio probablemente refleja el de los hombres jóvenes en general, es decir, menor contacto con los servicios ambulatorios de atención primaria y traumatismos como principal motivo de contacto en los servicios de urgencias. 


Objetivo. O estudo avaliou o padrão de contato com o sistema de saúde e de testagem para HIV, incluindo as unidades de saúde prisionais.  Métodos. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo de caso-controle em detentos que cumpriam pena em 2019 no Distrito Federal, pareados por idade. Resultados. Não houve diferença no padrão de contato com o sistema de saúde e padrão de oferta de testagem entre detentos infectados ou não com HIV. A maior parte dos infectados teve o diagnóstico realizado no ambiente prisional e de maneira precoce, evidenciando efetividade do rastreamento nesse cenário. Conclusão. O padrão de contato com o sistema de saúde dos indivíduos neste estudo reflete provavelmente o de homens jovens como um todo: pouco contato com serviços ambulatoriais de atenção primária e trauma como principal motivo de contato, em prontos-socorros.  

4.
Nutr Hosp ; 41(1): 86-95, 2024 Feb 15.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38047416

RESUMO

Introduction: Background: a healthy food intake pattern, specifically the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), is a factor associated with reduced risk, lower prevalence, and better management of chronic diseases. However, there is limited information regarding how patients integrate proposals for adherence to this food pattern in their daily lives. Objective: to identify factors and conditions that influence adherence to the MedDiet in Chile. Methods: an exploratory qualitative study was applied in 35 to 65-year-old patients of both sexes who presented at least one diagnostic criterion of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Through in-depth interviews and focal groups, knowledge, assessment, attitudes, and practices associated with changes and maintenance of healthy eating habits, with emphasis on the MedDiet, were investigated. Information analysis was carried out under the grounded theory approach using the ATLAS.ti software. Results: participants recognized the value of healthy eating, including the MedDiet, but declared low knowledge (identification of single foods items) together with facilitators (variety of ingredients) and limiting factors (taste, availability/cost of some items, family dynamics) for its routine adoption. In addition, change in eating habits generates a high initial cognitive and emotional load that requires not only individual but also relational effort as it implies modifications of family and collective practices. Conclusions: information obtained on barriers and opportunities to adhere to healthy eating such as the MedDiet is key to design and implement nutritional interventions based on this food pattern and that can be sustainable in time for chronic disease management in Chile.


Introducción: Antecedentes: un estilo de alimentación saludable, específicamente la dieta mediterránea (DMed), es un factor asociado a bajo riesgo, menor prevalencia y mejor manejo de las enfermedades crónicas. Sin embargo, existe información limitada respecto a cómo los pacientes incorporan propuestas de este patrón alimentario en su vida cotidiana. Objetivo: identificar factores y condiciones que pueden influir en la adherencia a la DMed en Chile. Métodos: estudio cualitativo exploratorio en 17 pacientes de ambos sexos de entre 35 y 65 años que presentaban algún criterio diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico (SMet). Mediante entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales se indagaron el conocimiento, la valoración, las actitudes y las prácticas asociadas a cambios y mantenimiento de alimentación con énfasis en la DMed. El análisis de la información se realizó bajo el enfoque de teoría fundada usando el software ATLAS.ti. Resultados: los participantes reconocieron el valor de una alimentación saludable tipo DMed, pero declararon bajo conocimiento (identificación de algunos alimentos aislados, dinámica familiar) de ella, junto con facilitadores (variedad de ingredientes) y limitantes (sabor, disponibilidad/costo de algunos alimentos) para su adopción rutinaria. Además, el cambio de hábitos alimentarios genera alta carga cognitiva y emocional inicial que requiere esfuerzo no solo individual sino también relacional, pues implica modificaciones de prácticas familiares y colectivas. Conclusiones: la información obtenida sobre barreras y oportunidades para adherir a una alimentación saludable como la DMed resulta clave para diseñar e implementar intervenciones nutricionales basadas en este patrón alimentario y que puedan ser sostenibles en el tiempo para el enfrentamiento de las enfermedades crónicas en Chile.


Assuntos
Dieta Mediterrânea , Síndrome Metabólica , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Chile/epidemiologia
5.
Aten Primaria ; 56(3): 102809, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38029655

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify strengths, obstacles, changes in the environment, and capabilities of primary care teams and support units, with the aim of providing high-quality care in an integrated healthcare area. DESIGN: Mixed methods study based on the SWOT matrix and CAME analysis. LOCATION: Primary care, Valencian community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 271 professionals from different collectives and patient association representatives participated. 99 in the idea generation phase, 154 in the SWOT matrix development phase, and 18 in the CAME analysis development phase. INTERVENTIONS: A SWOT-CAME analysis was conducted, from which action lines were established. Information capture was carried out through nominal groups, and the consensus phase involved integrating all professionals through Delphi and consensus conference techniques. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Prioritization of proposals to maintain strengths, address threats, exploit opportunities, and correct weaknesses within the framework of an integrated healthcare area action plan. RESULTS: A total of 82 different ideas were proposed (20 strengths; 40 weaknesses; 4 threats; 12 opportunities; 6 threats-opportunities), which, once prioritized, were translated into 7 lines and 33 prioritized actions/interventions (CAME analysis). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated care, seeking collaborative approaches between care levels, redefining roles, digital solutions, staff training, and improvements in equipment and support processes, along with measures to address the aging population and the needs of socio-sanitary centers, constitute the challenges to be addressed.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Instalações de Saúde , Porfirinas , Humanos , Idoso , Consenso , Atenção Primária à Saúde
6.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536598

RESUMO

Introduction: Income inequality is often tolerated and justified, but when it brings about disparities in other domains of life (e.g., health or education), it may be seen with different eyes. In this research, we aimed to explore concerns regarding economic inequality in health, education, and income, and its relationship to supporting collective actions to reduce inequality. Method: We used survey data (N = 20,204, 18 countries) from the Latinobarometer 2020. We conducted descriptive analyses, latent class analyses, and analyses of multilevel linear regression to test our hypothesis. Results: We found that people were more concerned about health access and education opportunities than income inequality. We also identified two classes of people: one class concerned about education and health and the other unconcerned about inequality in any domain. In addition, results showed that all concerns and class membership predicted greater support of collective actions to reduce inequality. Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that concerns about education and health disparities may serve to increase awareness of overall inequality and mobilise the public.


Introducción: La desigualdad de ingresos a menudo se tolera y justifica, pero cuando esta conlleva desigualdades en otros ámbitos de la vida (e.g., salud o educación), puede que se vea con ojos diferentes. En este artículo tratamos de explorar la preocupación por la desigualdad económica en salud, educación e ingresos, así como su relación con el apoyo a acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Método: Usamos datos secundarios (N = 20 204, 18 países) del Latinobarómetro 2020. Llevamos a cabo análisis descriptivos, análisis de clases latentes y análisis de regresión multinivel. Resultados: Encontramos que la gente estaba más preocupada por el acceso a la salud y las oportunidades en educación que por la desigualdad en el ingreso. También identificamos dos perfiles de personas: unas preocupadas por la educación y la salud, y otras poco preocupadas por la desigualdad en ninguno de los ámbitos. Además, los resultados mostraron que todas las preocupaciones y los distintos perfiles predecían un mayor apoyo a las acciones colectivas para reducir la desigualdad. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos preliminares sugieren que la preocupación por las desigualdades en salud y educación podrían servir para aumentar la conciencia sobre la desigualdad general y movilizar al público.

7.
Rev. crim ; 65(3): 31-45, 20230910.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1537895

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar, a partir de una doble visión (entrevistas realizadas a jóvenes que participaron en enfrentamientos violentos y la revisión de lo planteado desde la teoría), nuevos elementos que permitan identificar y abordar los principales factores sociales, económicos, culturales, entre otros, que propician estos enfrentamientos; se evidencia así el papel de la familia, la escuela, el barrio y el grupo de iguales en su prevención. Dicho análisis posibilita el estudio de los principios generales y postulados establecidos por diversas instituciones internacionales en materia de prevención y su inclusión y adaptación en las acciones y estrategias adoptadas por la Administración de Barranquilla y el impacto que estas han generado en los jóvenes.


The objective of this work is to demonstrate, from a double vision (interviews carried out with young people who participated in violent confrontations and the review of what was proposed from the theory), new elements that allow identifying and addressing the main social, economic, cultural factors. , among others, that lead to these confrontations; Thus, the role of the family, school, neighborhood and peer group in its prevention is evident. This analysis makes possible the study of the general principles and postulates established by various international institutions in matters of prevention and their inclusion and adaptation in the actions and strategies adopted by the Administration of Barranquilla and the impact that these have generated on young people.


O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar, a partir de uma dupla visão (entrevistas realizadas com jovens que participaram de confrontos violentos e a revisão do que foi proposto pela teoria), novos elementos que permitam identificar e abordar os principais problemas sociais, econômicos, fatores culturais, entre outros, que levam a esses enfrentamentos; Assim, fica evidente o papel da família, da escola, da vizinhança e do grupo de pares na sua prevenção. Esta análise permite o estudo dos princípios e postulados gerais estabelecidos por diversas instituições internacionais em matéria de prevenção e sua inclusão e adaptação nas ações e estratégias adotadas pela Administração de Barranquilla e o impacto que estas têm gerado nos jovens.


Assuntos
Humanos , Violência
8.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 55(6): 102619, Jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-221628

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar las oportunidades perdidas en el diagnóstico del cáncer de ovario (CO) en el sistema sanitario público de Catalunya mediante el análisis de la visión de los profesionales sobre el relato de las experiencias de las pacientes con CO. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo, con dos grupos focales. Emplazamiento: Atención primaria, noviembre de 2017. Participantes: Treinta y cuatro profesionales en base a un muestreo teórico: 21médicos de familia, 8profesionales de centros de salud sexual y reproductiva y 5ginecólogos de hospital. Métodos: Los participantes debatieron sobre diferentes itinerarios de procesos diagnósticos de mujeres con CO mediante la exposición de tres flujogramas elaborados a partir de los relatos obtenidos en entrevistas a pacientes. Se realizó un análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se identificaron tres temas con diversos subtemas: a)falta de sospecha diagnóstica (desconocimiento de los síntomas, obviar la anamnesis y la exploración física, fragmentación de la atención y sesgos y prejuicios); b)dificultades para activar el proceso diagnóstico (acceso limitado a pruebas, accesibilidad desigual a ginecología y falta de seguimiento), y c)ausencia de circuitos rápidos preestablecidos. Conclusiones: Los resultados ofrecen una visión de las dificultades del diagnóstico precoz del CO en nuestro ámbito. Creemos que su identificación permitirá la elaboración de estrategias para mejorar la precisión diagnóstica y la calidad de la atención en las mujeres con CO en nuestro medio.(AU)


Objective: To identify missed opportunities in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) in the public health system of Catalonia, through the analysis of the perceptions of health professionals on the stories's experiences of OC patients. Design: Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study, with two focus groups. Setting: Primary Care, November 2017. Participants: Thirty-four professionals based on theoretical sampling: 21 family doctors, 8 professionals from sexual and reproductive health centres and 5 hospital gynaecologists. Methods: Participants discussed the different diagnostic pathways for women with OC through the presentation of flowcharts which were developed with three storie's and experiences of OC patients. Results: Three themes with various sub-themes were identified as follow: a)lack of cancer diagnostic suspicion (lack of knowledge of symptoms of OC, anamnesis and physical examination overlooked, fragmentation of patient's care and bias and prejudice); b)difficulties in activating the diagnostic process (limited access to tests, unequal accessibility to gynaecology and lack of follow-up); and c)absence of fast-track referral system.Conclusions: The results offer insight into the difficulties of early diagnosis of OC in our setting. We believe that their identification will allow the development of strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and quality of care for women with OC in our setting.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico , Pessoal de Saúde , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Assistência Pré-Hospitalar , Espanha , 25783 , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Neoplasias , Ginecologia , Grupos Focais
9.
Rev. Ciênc. Plur ; 9(1): 29265, 27 abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS, BBO - Odontologia | ID: biblio-1427981

RESUMO

Introdução: A lei de cotas (nº 12.711/2012) foi criada com o intuito de oportunizar o acesso de alunos oriundos de escolas públicas ao ensino superior. Desde então, medidas adicionais foram tomadas para garantir, não só o acesso, mas a permanência destes alunos nas universidades. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho acadêmico dealunos cotistas e não cotistas da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Pará. Metodologia: Foram coletados dados de alunos matriculados nos anos de 2020 e2021 por meio de um questionário on-line e realizada a análise de histórico acadêmico dos voluntários. A análise dos dados foi realizada com software Jamovi versão 1.6.23, utilizando os testesQui-quadrado, t de Student para amostras independentes e análise de regressão linear multivariada. Em todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Com uma taxa de resposta de 39,92% (n=200), os resultados demonstraram haver um melhor desempenho acadêmico para o grupo não-cotista no que se refere ao Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (p=0,001). Além disso, alunos do grupo cotista enfrentam mais dificuldades quando comparados aos não-cotistas (p<0,0001). Na análise múltipla verificou-se que juntas, forma de ingresso (cotista ou não), o enfrentamento de dificuldades, recebimento de auxílios e atividades fora da Faculdade explicam quase 10% da variável Coeficiente de Rendimento Geral (R² = 0,098). Conclusões: A complexidade da comparação sugere a possibilidade de múltiplas causas, entre elas o fator socioeconômico e outras dificuldades experienciadas. Entender e atuar nestas causas é de fundamental importância para a construção de uma universidade inclusiva de qualidade (AU).


Introduction:The quota law (nº 12.711/2012) was created with the objective of providing opportunities for students from public schools to enter federal universities. Since then, additional measures have been taken to ensure not only the access, but the permanence of these students in universities. Objectives:This study aimed to assess the academic performance of quota students and non-quota students at the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Pará. Methods:Data were collected from students enrolled in the years 2020 and 2021 through an online questionnaire and the academic history of the volunteers was analyzed. Data analysis was performed with Jamovi software version 1.6.23, using the chi-square test, Student's t test for independent samples, and multivariate linear regression analysis. In all analyses, a significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results:With a response rate of 39.92% (n=200), the results showed a better academic performance for the non-quotastudents with regard to the General PerformanceCoefficient (p=0.001). In addition, quota students face more difficulties when compared to non-quota students (p<0.0001). In the multiple analysis, it was found that the admission modality (quota students or non-quota students), facing difficulties, receiving aid, and activities outside the University explained together almost 10% of the General Performance Coefficient variable (R² = 0.098). Conclusion:The complexity of the comparison suggests the possibility of multiple causes, including the socioeconomic factor and other difficulties experienced. Understanding and acting on these causes is of fundamental importance for the construction of a quality inclusive university (AU).


Introducción: La ley de cuotas (nº 12.711/2012) fue creada con el objetivo de brindar a estudiantes de colegios públicosla oportunidad de ingresar a una universidad federal. Desde entonces, se han tomado medidas adicionales para asegurar, no solo el acceso, sino también la permanencia de estos estudiantes en las universidades. Objetivos:Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos con cuota y los sin cuota de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Pará. Métodos:Se recolectaron datos de estudiantes matriculados en los años 2020 y 2021 a través de un cuestionario en línea y se realizó el análisis del historial académico de los voluntarios. El análisis de datos se realizó con el software Jamovi versión 1.6.23, utilizando la prueba de qui-cuadrado, prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y análisis de regresión lineal multivariado. En todos los análisis se adoptó un nivel de significación de 0.05. Resultados:Con una tasa de respuesta del 39.92% (n=200), los resultados mostraron un mejor rendimiento académico de los alumnos sin cuotacon respecto al Coeficiente de Rendimiento General (p=0.001). Además, los estudiantes con cuota enfrentan más dificultades cuando comparados a los estudiantes sin cuota (p<0.0001). En el análisis múltiple, se encontró que,en conjunto, la forma de ingreso (alumnos con cuota o sin cuota), enfrentar las dificultades, recibir ayudas y actividades fuera de la Facultad explican casi el 10% de la variable Coeficiente de Rendimiento General(R² = 0,098). Conclusión:La complejidad de la comparación sugiere la posibilidad de múltiples causas, incluido el factor socioeconómico y otras dificultades experimentadas. Comprender y actuar sobre estas causas es de fundamental importancia para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva de calidad (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Política Pública , Condições Sociais , Universidades , Educação em Odontologia , Desempenho Acadêmico/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Odontologia , Brasil , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Modelos Lineares , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Análise Multivariada , Inquéritos e Questionários
10.
Aten Primaria ; 55(6): 102619, 2023 06.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37043975

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify missed opportunities in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer (OC) in the public health system of Catalonia, through the analysis of the perceptions of health professionals on the stories's experiences of OC patients. DESIGN: Qualitative exploratory-descriptive study, with two focus groups. SETTING: Primary Care, November 2017. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four professionals based on theoretical sampling: 21 family doctors, 8 professionals from sexual and reproductive health centres and 5 hospital gynaecologists. METHODS: Participants discussed the different diagnostic pathways for women with OC through the presentation of flowcharts which were developed with three storie's and experiences of OC patients. RESULTS: Three themes with various sub-themes were identified as follow: a)lack of cancer diagnostic suspicion (lack of knowledge of symptoms of OC, anamnesis and physical examination overlooked, fragmentation of patient's care and bias and prejudice); b)difficulties in activating the diagnostic process (limited access to tests, unequal accessibility to gynaecology and lack of follow-up); and c)absence of fast-track referral system. CONCLUSIONS: The results offer insight into the difficulties of early diagnosis of OC in our setting. We believe that their identification will allow the development of strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and quality of care for women with OC in our setting.


Assuntos
Pessoal de Saúde , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Humanos , Feminino , Espanha , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Grupos Focais , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnóstico
11.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 54(1): 133-155, marzo 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217963

RESUMO

El acceso al empleo de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo requiere de procesos individualizados de acompañamiento, especialmente en el tránsito de la escuela al empleo. Las iniciativas de colaboración público/privada se perfilan como estrategias de éxito. Este estudio analiza la implantación del Proyecto de Itinerarios Individualizados en Castilla y León, analizando su impacto en la carrera profesional de las personas con discapacidad intelectual y su incursión en las políticas públicas. Del análisis realizado podemos concluir que estos programas favorecen la empleabilidad del colectivo, bajo un modelo integral de intervención que trasciende a la intermediación, abarcando acciones planificadas desde la formación para el empleo hasta el acceso a la vivienda. Se observa, además, su consolidación dentro de la estrategia de atención a la discapacidad en este territorio y su orientación hacia el logro de un nuevo modelo de centros de día, orientados a la capacitación profesional de las personas con discapacidad intelectual, con el objetivo de lograr un nuevo rol social que contribuya a su proyecto de vida. (AU)


Access to employment for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities requires individualized support processes, especially in the transition from school to employment. Public/private collaboration initiatives are emerging as successful strategies. This paper analyzes the implementation of the Individualized Itineraries Project in Castilla y León, analyzing its impact on the professional career of people with intellectual disabilities and its incursion into public policies. From the analysis we can conclude that these programs promote the employability of the group, under a comprehensive model of intervention that transcends the intermediation, covering planned actions from training for employment to access to housing. It is also observed its consolidation within the strategy of attention to disability in this territory and its orientation towards the achievement of a new model of day centers, oriented to the professional training of people with intellectual disabilities, with the aim of achieving a new social role that contributes to their life project. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual , Pessoas com Deficiência , Emprego , Instituições Acadêmicas
12.
Siglo cero (Madr.) ; 53(4): 69-87, diciembre 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-214630

RESUMO

Las políticas desarrolladas en las últimas décadas han favorecido la participación de las personas con discapacidad en todos los ámbitos de la vida y la educación no ha sido una excepción. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar cuál es la percepción del alumnado universitario sobre la discapacidad intelectual. Para lograrlo, se elige un método cuantitativo, siendo el cuestionario diseñado “ad hoc” el instrumento con el que recoger la información. La muestra participante la componen un total de 216 universitarios. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los estudiantes perciben tener poca información sobre la discapacidad intelectual, la cual identifican con tener un nivel intelectual por debajo de la media. Reconocen el derecho de estas personas a formarse en la universidad y se muestran dispuestos a trabajar y formar grupo de iguales con estos compañeros. Estos aspectos permiten concluir con la necesidad de formar e informar al alumnado universitario sobre estos colectivos no solo porque el desconocimiento favorece la exclusión, sino porque son los profesionales del futuro y quienes pueden trabajar por una inclusión plena de estas personas desde sus diferentes ámbitos laborales. (AU)


The policies developed in recent decades have favored the participation of people with disabilities in all areas of life and education has not been an exception. The present work aims to explore what is the perception of university students about intel-lectual disability. To achieve this, a quantitative method is chosen, being the question-naire designed “ad hoc” the instrument with which to collect the information. The par-ticipating sample is made up of a total of 216 university students. The results obtained indicate that students perceive they have little information on intellectual disability, which they identify with having an intellectual level below the average. They recognize the right of these people to study at university and are willing to work and form a peer group with these colleagues. These aspects allow us to conclude with the need to train and inform university students about these groups not only because ignorance favors exclusion, but because they are the professionals of the future and those who can work for the full inclusion of these people from their different work environments. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual , Universidades , 57354 , Estudantes , Epidemiologia Descritiva
13.
Radiologia (Engl Ed) ; 64(4): 333-347, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36030081

RESUMO

Technological development of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can play an important role in head and neck area. Multiple innovative applications have evolved, optimizing images, achieving metallic artifact reduction, differentiating materials with better primary tumor delineation, thyroid cartilage and bone invasion. Furthermore, quantification algorithms allow measuring iodine concentration, reflecting the blood supply of a lesion indirectly. DECT enables acquiring images with lower radiation doses and iodine intravenous contrast load to obtain the same CT values.. However, DECT uses ionizing radiation, which does not occur with MRI, and requires long post-processing times. Artifacts on iodine maps may be a potential source of pseudolesions. Besides, photon-counting CT scanners are a promising technique that may displace some DECT advantages. A review analyzing the current status of DECT applied to head and neck imaging from the scope of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsanalysis would be very interesting to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look of this technique.


Assuntos
Iodo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Algoritmos , Artefatos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética
14.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 64(4): 333-347, Jul - Ago 2022. ilus, tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-207301

RESUMO

El desarrollo tecnológico de la tomografía computarizada de energía dual (TCED) en el área de la cabeza y el cuello ha supuesto un avance importante, ya que se han desarrollado múltiples aplicaciones para optimizar las imágenes y reducir los artefactos metálicos, así como para diferenciar los materiales, permitiendo una mejor delineación del tumor primario, del cartílago tiroideo y la invasión ósea. Además, los algoritmos de cuantificación permiten medir la concentración de yodo, lo que refleja el flujo de sangre que llega a una lesión de forma indirecta. Permite adquirir imágenes con menores dosis de radiación y menor cantidad de contraste yodado para obtener los mismos valores de TC. Sin embargo, utiliza radiaciones ionizantes y el posprocesamiento de las imágenes consume tiempo, y los artefactos en los mapas de yodo pueden suponer una fuente potencial de pseudolesiones. Además, los escáneres de TC con tecnología de recuento de fotones son una técnica prometedora que puede desplazar algunas de las ventajas de la TCED.Esta revisión hace un análisis de la TCED aplicada a las imágenes de cabeza y cuello desde el ámbito del análisis de las fortalezas, oportunidades, debilidades y amenazas para facilitar una visión realista, basada en datos, de esta técnica.(AU)


Technological development of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) can play an important role in head and neck area. Multiple innovative applications have evolved, optimizing images, achieving metallic artifact reduction, differentiating materials with better primary tumor delineation, thyroid cartilage and bone invasion. Furthermore, quantification algorithms allow measuring iodine concentration, reflecting the blood supply of a lesion indirectly.DECT enables acquiring images with lower radiation doses and iodine intravenous contrast load to obtain the same CT values. However, DECT uses ionizing radiation, which does not occur with MRI, and requires long post-processing times. Artifacts on iodine maps may be a potential source of pseudolesions. Besides, photon-counting CT scanners are a promising technique that may displace some DECT advantages.A review analyzing the current status of DECT applied to head and neck imaging from the scope of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threatsanalysis would be very interesting to facilitate a realistic, fact-based, data-driven look of this technique.(AU)


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversos , Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Otimização de Processos , Radiologia , Diagnóstico por Imagem
15.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-203471

RESUMO

IntroducciónLa oferta dirigida de la prueba de VIH está recomendada en personas con prácticas de riesgo y en enfermedades indicadoras de VIH. Las oportunidades diagnósticas perdidas (OP) son aquellas donde no se cumplen estas recomendaciones.ObjetivoConocer el porcentaje de OP según práctica de riesgo (OP dirigidas) y condiciones indicadoras (OP indicadas) en la Comunidad de Madrid.MétodosSe seleccionaron 109 personas con nuevo diagnóstico de VIH en 7 centros sanitarios (abril 2018-marzo 2019) mediante encuestas telefónicas. Se definió oportunidad diagnóstica como cualquier contacto con el sistema sanitario en el que debería haberse realizado la prueba de VIH. Se calculó la ocurrencia de OP en los 2 años anteriores al diagnóstico de VIH.ResultadosDe 32 oportunidades diagnósticas dirigidas e indicadas, un 96,9 y un 57,8%, respectivamente, derivaron en OP. Globalmente, el 83,8% de las oportunidades diagnósticas resultaron en OP.ConclusiónLas OP son una importante área de mejora en el diagnóstico precoz de VIH.


IntroductionIn Spain HIV testing is recommended to people with risk behaviors for HIV and with indicator conditions related to HIV infection. Missed diagnostic opportunities (MO) are defining as situations where these recommendations are not followed.ObjectiveTo characterize MO due to risk behaviors (directed) and due to indicator conditions (indicated) among people diagnosed with HIV in the Region of Madrid.MethodsA total of 109 participants newly diagnosed with HIV were recruited from 7 health centers (April 2018-March 2019) by a telephone survey. Diagnostic opportunities were defined as any contact with the healthcare system in which an HIV test should have been carried out. Frequency of MO was calculated within the previous 2 years from HIV diagnosis.ResultsOf the 32 directed and indicated diagnostic opportunities, 96.9 and 57.8% respectively resulted in MO. Overall, 83.8% of diagnostic opportunities resulted in MO.ConclusionMO, both directed and indicated, are an important area for improvement to reduce late diagnosis.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Ciências da Saúde , HIV , Espanha , Diagnóstico , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Saúde Pública , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(3): 138-141, 2022 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34969654

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Spain HIV testing is recommended to people with risk behaviors for HIV and with indicator conditions (IC) related to HIV infection. Missed diagnostic opportunities (MO) are defining as situations where these recommendations are not followed. OBJECTIVE: To characterize MO due to risk behaviors (directed) and due to IC (indicated) among people diagnosed with HIV in the Region of Madrid. METHODS: A total of 109 participants newly diagnosed with HIV were recruited from 7 health centers (April 2018-March 2019) by a telephone survey. Diagnostic opportunities were defined as any contact with the healthcare system in which an HIV test should have been carried out. Frequency of MO was calculated within the previous 2 years from HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 32 directed and indicated diagnostic opportunities, 96.9% and 57.8% respectively resulted in MO. Overall, 83.8% of diagnostic opportunities resulted in MO. CONCLUSION: MO, both directed and indicated, are an important area for improvement to reduce late diagnosis.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Diagnóstico Tardio , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Teste de HIV , Humanos , Assunção de Riscos , Espanha/epidemiologia
17.
Pensar Prát. (Online) ; 24dez. 2021. Tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1369466

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as oportunidades de estimulação motora em ambientes domiciliares e fatores associados em crianças de Parintins/Amazonas. Participaram 300 pais/responsáveis por crianças da cidade de Parintins/Amazonas. Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development foi utilizado para avaliar oportunidades de estimulação motora. A prevalência de baixa estimulação motora foi 78% maior nas casas em que moravam quatro ou mais adultos (RP: 1,78; IC95%: 1,07-2,87); mães com o ensino fundamental (RP: 15,93; IC95%:2,45-17,50) e ensino médio (RP: 10,07; IC95%: 1,46-54,01) fornecem baixa estimulação motora; e crianças do sexo masculino apresentaram maior probabilidade de baixa estimulação motora (RP: 1,56; IC95%: 1,09-1,94). Identificamos que lares nessa região não ofertam oportunidades de estimulação motora adequada para as crianças (AU)


The objective was to analyze the opportunities for motor stimulation of home environments and associated factors in children from Parintins/Amazonas. Participants included 300 parents/guardians of children from the city of Parintins/ Amazonas participated. Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development was used to assess opportunities for motor stimulation. The prevalence of low motor stimulation was 78% higher in the homes where four or more adults lived (PR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.07-2.87); mothers with elementary school (PR: 15.93; 95% CI: 2.45-17.50) and high school (PR: 10.07; 95% CI: 1.46-54.01) provide low motor stimulation; and male children were more likely to have low motor stimulation (PR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.09-1.94). We identified that homes in this region do not offer opportunities for adequate motor stimulation for children (AU).


El objetivo fue analizar las oportunidades de estimulación motora de los ambientes domésticos y factores asociados en niños de Parintins/Amazonas. Los participantes incluyeron a 300 padres/tutores de niños de la ciudad de Parintins/Amazonas. Se utilizó Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development para evaluar las oportunidades de estimulación motora. La prevalencia de estimulación motora baja fue 78% mayor en los hogares donde vivían cuatro o más adultos (RP: 1,78; IC 95%: 1,07-2,87); las madres con escuela primaria (RP: 15,93; IC del 95%: 2,45-17,50) y secundaria (RP: 10,07; IC del 95%: 1,46-54,01) proporcionan una estimulación motora baja; y los niños varones tenían más probabilidades de tener una estimulación motora baja (PR: 1,56; IC del 95%: 1,09-1,94). Identificamos que los hogares en esta región no ofrecen oportunidades para la estimulación motora adecuada para los niños (AU).


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Meio Ambiente , Atividade Motora , Pais , Criança , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , Mães
18.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34112557

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In Spain HIV testing is recommended to people with risk behaviors for HIV and with indicator conditions related to HIV infection. Missed diagnostic opportunities (MO) are defining as situations where these recommendations are not followed. OBJECTIVE: To characterize MO due to risk behaviors (directed) and due to indicator conditions (indicated) among people diagnosed with HIV in the Region of Madrid. METHODS: A total of 109 participants newly diagnosed with HIV were recruited from 7 health centers (April 2018-March 2019) by a telephone survey. Diagnostic opportunities were defined as any contact with the healthcare system in which an HIV test should have been carried out. Frequency of MO was calculated within the previous 2 years from HIV diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 32 directed and indicated diagnostic opportunities, 96.9 and 57.8% respectively resulted in MO. Overall, 83.8% of diagnostic opportunities resulted in MO. CONCLUSION: MO, both directed and indicated, are an important area for improvement to reduce late diagnosis.

19.
J. negat. no posit. results ; 6(3): 608-616, Mar. 2021. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222104

RESUMO

A lo largo de la Historia son muchas las mujeres que han querido formarse en diferentes materias, pero la mentalidad y las convenciones sociales de sus respectivas épocas se lo impidieron. No obstante, algunas no se conformaron y decidieron luchar por conseguirlo. A pesar de las múltiples trabas que se encontraron consiguieron sus objetivos dando muestra de una tenacidad y de una valentía encomiables. En este artículo hemos querido homenajear a esas valientes haciendo hincapié en la labor realizada por dos de ellas, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson y Sophia Jex-Blake, que se aplicaron con fervor en poder conseguir su sueño: estudiar medicina.(AU)


Throughout History, many women have wanted to train in different subjects, but the mentality and social conventions of their respective times prevented it. However, some did not conform and decided to fight to get it. Despite the many obstacles they encountered, they achieved their objectives by showing commendable tenacity and courage. In this article we wanted to pay tribute to these brave women by emphasizing the work done by two of them, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson and Sophia Jex-Blake, who applied themselves with fervor to achieve their dream: to study medicine.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , História da Medicina , 57445 , Médicos , Educação Médica , Perspectiva de Gênero
20.
Artigo em Português | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353690

RESUMO

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as oportunidades de estimulação motora em ambientes domiciliares e fatores associados em crianças de Parintins/Amazonas. Participaram 300 pais/responsáveis por crianças da cidade de Parintins/Amazonas. Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development foi utilizado para avaliar oportunidades de estimulação motora. A prevalência de baixa estimulação moto-ra foi 78% maior nas casas em que moravam quatro ou mais adultos (RP: 1,78; IC95%: 1,07-2,87); mães com o ensino fundamental (RP: 15,93; IC95%:2,45-17,50) e ensino médio (RP: 10,07; IC95%: 1,46-54,01) forne-cem baixa estimulação motora; e crianças do sexo masculino apresenta-ram maior probabilidade de baixa estimulação motora (RP: 1,56; IC95%: 1,09-1,94). Identificamos que lares nessa região não ofertam oportuni-dades de estimulação motora adequada para as crianças.


The objective was to analyze the opportunities for motor stimulation of home environments and associated factors in children from Parintins/Amazonas. Participants included 300 parents/guardians of children from the city of Parintins/ Amazonas participated. Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development was used to assess opportunities for motor stimulation. The prevalence of low motor stimulation was 78% higher in the homes where four or more adults lived (PR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.07-2.87); mothers with elementary school (PR: 15.93; 95% CI: 2.45-17.50) and high school (PR: 10.07; 95% CI: 1.46-54.01) provide low motor stimulation; and male children were more likely to have low motor stimulation (PR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.09-1.94). We identified that homes in this region do not offer opportunities for adequate motor stimulation for children.


El objetivo fue analizar las oportunidades de estimulación motora de los ambientes domésticos y factores asociados en niños de Parintins/Amazonas. Los participantes incluyeron a 300 padres/tutores de niños de la ciudad de Parintins/Amazonas. Se utilizó Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development para evaluar las oportunidades de estimulación motora. La prevalencia de estimulación motora baja fue 78% mayor en los hogares donde vivían cuatro o más adultos (RP: 1,78; IC 95%: 1,07-2,87); las madres con escuela primaria (RP: 15,93; IC del 95%: 2,45-17,50) y secundaria (RP: 10,07; IC del 95%: 1,46-54,01) proporcionan una estimulación motora baja; y los niños varones tenían más probabilidades de tener una estimulación motora baja (PR: 1,56; IC del 95%: 1,09-1,94). Identificamos que los hogares en esta región no ofrecen oportunidades para la estimulación motora adecuada para los niños.

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