Discovery of an additional piece of the large gymnophthalmid puzzle: a new genus and species of stream spiny lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae: Cercosaurinae) from the western Guiana Shield in Venezuela.

Gymnophthalmids are a highly diverse group of Neotropical lizards and its species richness is still in process of discovery. The incorporation of molecular evidence and a noticeable increase in taxon and geographic sampling in systematic studies has led to the description of numerous new genera and species of gymnophthalmids (particularly in Cercosaurinae) in recent years. Herein we describe a new genus and species of cercosaurine lizard with crocodile-like morphology, from the Venezuelan Guiana Shield on the basis of molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Kataphraktosaurus gen. nov. can be readily distinguished from all other genera of Cercosaurinae by a unique combination of morphological characters that includes heterogeneous dorsal scalation with enlarged and strongly keeled scales forming two paravertebral rows, ventral and subcaudal scales imbricated and strongly keeled, large and symmetrical cephalic scales, absence of postmental scale, palpebral disc translucent and divided, tail slightly compressed, all digits clawed, and only six femoral pores (three at each hindlimb) inserted in a clump of small scales. This genus is described as monotypic and only contains Kataphraktosaurus ungerhamiltoni sp. nov., which is known from one specimen and diagnosed by the same set of aforementioned characters. The secretive habits of this species and the remoteness of the locality may explain its singleton situation. Following the International Union for Conservation of Nature's criteria, we categorized the new species as Data Deficient.

Ammoglanis natgeorum, a new miniature pencil catfish (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the lower Atabapo River, Amazonas, Venezuela.

A new species of the sand-dwelling catfish genus Ammoglanis is described from a marginal habitat of the lower Atabapo River, a left-bank blackwater tributary of the upper Orinoco River in Amazonas, Venezuela, adjacent to the border with Colombia. Ammoglanis natgeorum is distinguished from all congeners by trunk pigmentation pattern consisting of scattered ventral chromatophores concentrated around the anal-fin base and numerous additional meristic and anatomical characteristics. A. natgeorum is the second species of Ammoglanis described from the Orinoco River basin after Ammoglanis pulex, and several shared character states (e.g., eight total dorsal-fin rays, overall coloration pattern and presence of two finger-like papillae posterior to chin) suggest that it is more closely related to Ammoglanis obliquus (from the central Amazon basin) and A. pulex than to other congeners.

Comparación y caracterización morfométrica del híbrido (Pseudoplatystoma metaense x Leiarius marmoratus) y sus parentales (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) / Morphometric comparison and characterization of the hybrid (Pseudoplatystoma metaense x Leiarius marmoratus) and its parental lines (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)

La diversificación en la oferta de la piscicultura, ha llevado a la hibridación de especies de alto valor comercial, como los grandes bagres de la familia Pimelodidae, en busca del mejoramiento de características relevantes. Sin embargo, uno de los principales problemas de ésta práctica, es que morfológicamente los híbridos son similares a los parentales o con formas intermedias difíciles de diferenciar. Las nuevas herramientas morfométricas como la geometría han logrado evaluar cuantitativamente los cambios morfológicos, coadyuvando a esclarecer problemas de diferenciación morfológica. Con el fin de evaluar las relaciones morfométricas y establecer si, las características analizadas son intermedias en el híbrido con respecto a los parentales, se realizó la caracterización morfométrica de 20 ejemplares adultos de Pseudoplatystoma metaense, 21 de Leiarius marmoratus y 12 del híbrido Pseudoplatystoma metaense x Leiarius marmoratus, para un total de 53 individuos evaluados. Se realizaron análisis de morfometría lineal, utilizando medidas corporales y craneales, sustentadas en los análisis de componentes principales y discriminantes, como una forma de evaluar el contorno de los ejemplares. Para el análisis osteológico, se utilizó el neurocráneo, obtenido mediante el protocolo de maceración; con fotografías, éstos fueron analizados mediante morfometría geométrica con los programas de la serie IMP. De esta forma, se encontró que las similitudes observadas a simple vista en el híbrido respecto a sus parentales, no son representativas y por lo tanto, estadísticamente se evidenciaron tres grupos morfológicos definidos que separan a las especies parentales y el híbrido, obteniendo así, una herramienta de fácil identificación. En el análisis osteológico, se encontraron similitudes entre los neurocráneos del híbrido y de Pseudoplatystoma metaense, lo que plantea un patrón de herencia en el que se pueden evaluar posibles convergencias y divergencias como consecuencia de la hibridación.

Diversification in the supply of fish farming has led to the hybridization of high commercial value species, such as the large catfish of the Pimelodidae family, in search of the improvement of relevant characteristics. However, one of the main problems of this practice is that morphologically the hybrids are similar to the parental lines or with intermediate forms difficult to differentiate. The new morphometric tools as geometry have managed to quantitatively evaluate the morphological changes, contributing to clarify problems of morphological differentiation. In order to evaluate the morphometric relationships and establish whether, the analyzed characteristics are intermediate in the hybrid with respect to the parental lines, the morphometric characterization of 20 adult specimens of Pseudoplatystoma metaense, was performed 21 of Leiarius marmoratus and 12 of the hybrid Pseudoplatystoma metaense x Leiarius marmoratus, for a total of 53 individuals evaluated. Linear morphometry analyses were performed, using body and cranial measurements, sustained in the analysis of principal and discriminating components, as a way of evaluating the contour of the specimens. For the osteological analysis, the neurocranium was used, obtained by means of the maceration protocol; with photographs; these were analyzed using geometric morphometry with the programs of the IMP series. Thus, it was found that the similarities observed at first sight in the hybrid with respect to their parentals, are not representative and therefore, statistically, three defined morphological groups that separate the parental species and the hybrid, thus obtaining an easy-to-identify tool. In the osteological analysis, similarities were found between the neurocraniums of the hybrid and Pseudoplatystoma metaense, which raises a pattern of inheritance in which possible convergences and divergences can be evaluated, as a result of hybridization.

Specific gravity of woody tissue from lowland Neotropical plants: differences among forest types.

Wood density, or more precisely, wood specific gravity, is an important parameter when estimating aboveground biomass, which has become a central tool for the management and conservation of forests around the world. When using biomass allometric equations for tropical forests, researchers are often required to assume phylogenetic trait conservatism, which allows us to assign genus- and family-level wood specific gravity mean values, to many woody species. The lack of information on this trait for many Neotropical plant species has led to an imprecise estimation of the biomass stored in Neotropical forests. The data presented here has information of woody tissue specific gravity from 2,602 individual stems for 386 species, including trees, lianas, and hemi-epiphytes of lowland tropical forests in Colombia. This data set was produced by us collecting wood cores from woody species in five localities in the Orinoco and Magdalena Basins in Colombia. We found lower mean specific gravity values in várzea than in terra firme and igapó.

A revision of the cis-andean species of the genus Brycon Müller & Troschel (Characiformes: Characidae).

A revision of the cis-andean species of Brycon, with the exception of the Brycon pesu species-complex, is presented. Twenty-one Brycon species (including B. pesu) are recognized from cis-andean river systems: Brycon stolzmanni Steindachner, from the upper Río Marañon basin, Peru; Brycon coxeyi Fowler, from the Río Marañon basin, Ecuador and Peru; Brycon polylepis Moscó Morales, from the Lago de Maracaibo, Río Orinoco, upper rio Amazonas, and rio Tocantins basins, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil; Brycon coquenani Steindachner, from the upper Río Caroni, Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela; Brycon insignis Steindachner, from the rio Paraíba do Sul and small adjacent coastal river basins of eastern Brazil; Brycon vermelha Lima & Castro, endemic from the rio Mucuri basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon howesi new species, endemic from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil; Brycon dulcis new species, endemic from the rio Doce basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon ferox Steindachner, from several small coastal river systems, including the rio Mucuri basin in eastern Brazil; Brycon vonoi new species, from the rio Pardo basin and apparently also from a adjacent river system, the rio Una, in eastern Brazil; Brycon opalinus (Cuvier), from the headwaters of the rio Paraíba do Sul and rio Doce basins, eastern Brazil; Brycon nattereri Günther, from the headwaters of the upper rio Paraná, rio São Francisco, and upper rio Tocantins basins, Brazil; Brycon orthotaenia Günther, endemic from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil; Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraná and rio Uruguai basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay; Brycon hilarii (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraguai, middle rio Paraná, and upper rio Amazonas basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador; Brycon whitei Myers & Weitzman, from the Río Orinoco basin in Colombia and Venezuela; Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz), from the Rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Guyana; Brycon gouldingi Lima, endemic from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil; Brycon melanopterus (Cope), from the western and central rio Amazonas basin, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; and Brycon falcatus Müller & Troschel, widespread in the the rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, and several guyanese river systems, in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. All species are redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the species is provided. Comments on the diagnosis of the genus Brycon, the biogeography of the cis-andean species, and their current conservation status, are presented.

Ecological aspects of Lebiasina erythrinoides (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from an andean piedmont stream in Colombia / Aspectos ecológicos de Lebiasina erythrinoides (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) de una quebrada del piedemonte andino en Colombia / Aspetos ecológicos de Lebiasina erythrinoides (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) de um riacho do piedemonte andino na Colômbia

The present study describes ecological aspects of Lebiasina erythrinoides; 200 individuals were sampled throughout an annual hydrological cycle from October 2008 to September 2009 in La Calaboza stream, a Piedmont tributary of the Rio Cravo Sur. The studied population had more females than males (1.5:1) and preferred habitats dominated by shoreline vegetation and rocky substrates. Prior to reproductive events, individuals presented an increase in the condition factor (K) and the gonosomatic index (GSI). On average, 648.8 oocytes are discharged twice a year: at the beginning of the rainy season, and during falling water phase. The mean sizes at sexual maturity found for females were 73.5 mm standard length (SL) and for males 70 mm SL. Rounding up, an average minimum size of capture of 75 mm SL is proposed. Most specimens of the population (65 %) were found to be maturing or mature (stages II and III), 28.5 % immature (stage I), 5.0 % in post reproduction stage V, and 1.5 % in reproductive phase (IV). Results suggest this species is omnivorous with a preference for invertebrates (IRI = 41.2 %) and vegetal material (IRI = 27.8 %), but also includes a variety of other items. The values of the diet are correlated with hydrological cycle and size.

El presente estudio describe aspectos ecológicos de Lebiasina erythrinoides. Se muestrearon 200 individuos a lo largo del ciclo hidrológico anual, de Octubre de 2008 a Septiembre de 2009, en la quebrada La Calaboza, un tributario de piedemonte del Río Cravo Sur. La población estudiada presentó más hembras que machos (1.5:1) y prefirió hábitats dominados por vegetación riparia y sustratos rocosos. Antes de los eventos reproductivos, los individuos presentaron un incremento en el factor de condición (K) y en el índice gonadosomático (GSI). En promedio, se descargaron 648.8 oocitos dos veces en el año: al inicio de la estación lluviosa y durante la fase de descenso de las aguas. Los tamaños promedio de las hembras en madurez sexual fueron de 73.5 mm de longitud estándar (SL), y de los machos, 70 mm SL. De acuerdo con estas cifras, se propone un tamaño mínimo de captura de 75 mm SL. La mayor parte de especímenes de la población (65 %) se encontró en proceso de maduración o de madurez (estadios II y III), 28.5 % en estado inmaduro (estadio I), 5.0 % en estado post-reproductivo (V) y 1.5 % en fase reproductiva (V). Los resultados sugieren que esta especie es omnívora: prefiere invertebrados (IRI = 41.2 %) y material vegetal (IRI = 27.8 %), pero su dieta incluye también variedad de otros ítems. Los valores de la dieta se correlacionan con el ciclo hidrológico y con el tamaño.

O presente estudo descreve aspectos ecológicos de Lebiasina erythrinoides. Foram coletados 200 indivíduos ao longo de um ciclo hidrológico anual, entre Outubro de 2008 e Setembro de 2009 no riacho La Calaboza, um afluente do rio Cravo Sur. A populacho estudada possuía mais fèmeas que machos (1.5:1) e preferiam habitats dominados por vegetalo costeira e substratos rochosos. Prèvio aos eventos reprodutivos, os individuos presentaram um aumento do fator de condicio (K) e do índice gonadosomatico (GSI). Em mèdia, 648.8 ovócitos são desovados duas vezes ao ano: no inicio do período chuvoso, e durante a descida das águas. O tamanho mèdio encontrado para as fèmeas na maturidade sexual foi de 73.5 mm comprimento padrão (SL), e para os machos foi de 70 mm SL. Considerando os valores encontrados, se propoe que o tamanho mínimo de captura seja de 75 mm SL. A maioria dos espècimes da populacho estudada (65 %) se encontrava nos estágios de maturação ou maduros (Estágios II e III), 28.5 % de imaturos (I), 5.0 % em estágio pós-reprodução (V) e 1.5 % em fase reprodutiva (IV). Os resultados sugerem que a espécie é omnívora, com uma preferencia por invertebrados (IRI = 41.2 %) e material vegetal (IRI = 27.8 %), mas também se inclui uma variedade de outros itens. Os valores da dieta estão correlacionados com o ciclo hidrológico e tamanho.

A new catfish species of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the río Orinoco versant of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

A new Trichomycterus is described from a highland tributary of the río Meta (Orinoco basin), along the east flank of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having a reduced posterior cranial fontanel, restricted to the parieto-supraoccipital, cleithrum pierced by several foramina, and an unique combination of four irregular rows of conic teeth in premaxilla and dentary, 13-14 opercular odontodes, 41-43 interopercular odontodes, 6-7 branchiostegal rays, 40 or 41 free vertebrae, 14-18 ribs, first ray of pectoral fin slightly projected as a short filament, 7-8 branched pectoral-fin rays, dorsal-fin origin at same level of pelvic-fin insertion, anal-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin base, caudal-fin margin slightly rounded, a single upper hypural plate (3+4+5), and coloration pattern consisting in ground color dark brown with a thin mid-lateral dark stripe. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species based on the shared presence of derived features related to posterior cranial fontanel and cleithrum are discussed. The new species is also compared to the only two described species from Andean tributaries of río Orinoco basin.

É descrita uma espécie nova de Trichomycterus de um pequeno tributário dos Andes da bacia do río Meta (bacia do río Orinoco), no flanco oriental do Páramo de Cruz Verde na Cordilhera Oriental da Colômbia. A espécie nova distingue-se da maioria de seus congêneres por apresentar uma fontanela craniana posterior reduzida, restrita ao parieto-supraoccipital, cleitro perfurado por vários forames e uma combinação única de quatro fileiras irregulares de dentes cónicos no pré-maxilar e no dentário, 13-14 odontódeos operculares, 41-43 odontódeos interoperculares, 6-7 raios branquiostégios, 40 ou 41 vértebras livres, 14-18 costelas, o primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral ligeiramente projetado em um curto filamento, 7-8 raios ramificados na nadadeira peitoral, origem da nadadeira dorsal no mesmo nível de inserção das nadadeiras pélvicas, origem da nadadeira anal posterior à base da nadadeira dorsal, margem da nadadeira caudal ligeiramente arredondada, uma única placa hipural superior (3+4+5) e padrão de coloração em um fundo de cor marrom escuro com uma fina listra escura média lateral. As relações filogenéticas da espécie nova com base na presença compartilhada de caracteres derivados relacionados com a fontanela craniana posterior e o cleitro são discutidas. A espécie nova também é comparada com as duas únicas espécies descritas de afluentes dos Andes da bacia do río Orinoco.

A new catfish species of the genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the río Orinoco versant of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

A new Trichomycterus is described from a highland tributary of the río Meta (Orinoco basin), along the east flank of Páramo de Cruz Verde, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having a reduced posterior cranial fontanel, restricted to the parieto-supraoccipital, cleithrum pierced by several foramina, and an unique combination of four irregular rows of conic teeth in premaxilla and dentary, 13-14 opercular odontodes, 41-43 interopercular odontodes, 6-7 branchiostegal rays, 40 or 41 free vertebrae, 14-18 ribs, first ray of pectoral fin slightly projected as a short filament, 7-8 branched pectoral-fin rays, dorsal-fin origin at same level of pelvic-fin insertion, anal-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin base, caudal-fin margin slightly rounded, a single upper hypural plate (3+4+5), and coloration pattern consisting in ground color dark brown with a thin mid-lateral dark stripe. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species based on the shared presence of derived features related to posterior cranial fontanel and cleithrum are discussed. The new species is also compared to the only two described species from Andean tributaries of río Orinoco basin.(AU)

É descrita uma espécie nova de Trichomycterus de um pequeno tributário dos Andes da bacia do río Meta (bacia do río Orinoco), no flanco oriental do Páramo de Cruz Verde na Cordilhera Oriental da Colômbia. A espécie nova distingue-se da maioria de seus congêneres por apresentar uma fontanela craniana posterior reduzida, restrita ao parieto-supraoccipital, cleitro perfurado por vários forames e uma combinação única de quatro fileiras irregulares de dentes cónicos no pré-maxilar e no dentário, 13-14 odontódeos operculares, 41-43 odontódeos interoperculares, 6-7 raios branquiostégios, 40 ou 41 vértebras livres, 14-18 costelas, o primeiro raio da nadadeira peitoral ligeiramente projetado em um curto filamento, 7-8 raios ramificados na nadadeira peitoral, origem da nadadeira dorsal no mesmo nível de inserção das nadadeiras pélvicas, origem da nadadeira anal posterior à base da nadadeira dorsal, margem da nadadeira caudal ligeiramente arredondada, uma única placa hipural superior (3+4+5) e padrão de coloração em um fundo de cor marrom escuro com uma fina listra escura média lateral. As relações filogenéticas da espécie nova com base na presença compartilhada de caracteres derivados relacionados com a fontanela craniana posterior e o cleitro são discutidas. A espécie nova também é comparada com as duas únicas espécies descritas de afluentes dos Andes da bacia do río Orinoco.(AU)

Bats of Casanare, Colombia

Colombia is known for its high bat richness, but regions like Orinoquía remain poorly known for this group. Here we present results from seven biodiversity assessments in Casanare, Colombia, a department circumscribed within Orinoquía. We captured 1,116 individual bats of 51 species and five families. Desmodus rotundus, Carollia spp., and Artibeus spp. were the most abundant taxa sampled. We also captured elusive species such as Lampronycteris brachyotis and Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum. In general, sites with some sort of protection, lower in elevation, and towards the southwest tended to have richer assemblages with different composition than sites without protection, higher in elevation, and towards the northeast of our study area. This southwest-northeast site distribution follows a rainfall gradient, which might explain differences in bat composition among sites. Finally, we discuss our species list in light of others that have been published and present the first analysis of assemblage structure for the bats of Casanare using true diversities.

Bats of Casanare, Colombia

Colombia is known for its high bat richness, but regions like Orinoquía remain poorly known for this group. Here we present results from seven biodiversity assessments in Casanare, Colombia, a department circumscribed within Orinoquía. We captured 1,116 individual bats of 51 species and five families. Desmodus rotundus, Carollia spp., and Artibeus spp. were the most abundant taxa sampled. We also captured elusive species such as Lampronycteris brachyotis and Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum. In general, sites with some sort of protection, lower in elevation, and towards the southwest tended to have richer assemblages with different composition than sites without protection, higher in elevation, and towards the northeast of our study area. This southwest-northeast site distribution follows a rainfall gradient, which might explain differences in bat composition among sites. Finally, we discuss our species list in light of others that have been published and present the first analysis of assemblage structure for the bats of Casanare using true diversities.(AU)

Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla et al., 1999) (Characiformes: Parodontidae): emendations and generic reallocation

During recent studies on Parodontidae, specimens of the Venezuelan species Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso, 1999) were examined and a few incongruencies with the original description of the species were noted. Emendations to the descriptions of the jaw teeth and color pattern are presented. Three autapomorphies were also observed and are listed herein. The species is moved from genus Apareiodon to Parodon based on presence of dentary teeth.

Durante estudos recentes sobre Parodontidae, espécimes da espécie venezuelana Parodon orinocencis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso, 1999) foram examinados e reconhecidas algumas incongruências na descrição original. Foram realizadas retificações relacionadas aos dentes das maxilas e ao padrão de coloração. Três autapomorfias foram observadas e são aqui listadas. Com base na presença de dentes no dentário a espécie é transferida do gênero Apareiodon para o gênero Parodon.

Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla et al., 1999) (Characiformes: Parodontidae): emendations and generic reallocation

During recent studies on Parodontidae, specimens of the Venezuelan species Parodon orinocensis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso, 1999) were examined and a few incongruencies with the original description of the species were noted. Emendations to the descriptions of the jaw teeth and color pattern are presented. Three autapomorphies were also observed and are listed herein. The species is moved from genus Apareiodon to Parodon based on presence of dentary teeth.(AU)

Durante estudos recentes sobre Parodontidae, espécimes da espécie venezuelana Parodon orinocencis (Bonilla, Machado-Allison, Silvera, Chernoff, López & Lasso, 1999) foram examinados e reconhecidas algumas incongruências na descrição original. Foram realizadas retificações relacionadas aos dentes das maxilas e ao padrão de coloração. Três autapomorfias foram observadas e são aqui listadas. Com base na presença de dentes no dentário a espécie é transferida do gênero Apareiodon para o gênero Parodon.(AU)

Assessment of the decapod crustacean diversity in the Guayana Shield region aiming at conservation decisions / Avaliação da diversidade de crustáceos decápodos na região do escudo das Guianas como subsídio a decisões de conservação

The current state of knowledge of freshwater decapod crustacean diversity of the Guayana Shield Region is briefly assessed, based upon information gathered from the scientific literature as well as unpublished data from academic theses, technical reports, and carcinological collections. The decapod fauna of the region is presently known to include 64 species and subspecies within six families and 17 genera. Diversity by countries, basins, and rivers is listed, comments on endemic, rare or threatened species are made, and information about relevant taxonomic literature is presented. Seven priority areas for conservation actions concerning crustacean decapods are suggested and related to the 25 priority areas defined by the Fishes and Freshwater Working Group at the Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop, held at Paramaribo (Suriname) in April 2002.

Avalia-se resumidamente a situação atual do conhecimento sobre a diversidade dos crustáceos decápodos de água doce da região do Escudo das Guianas com base em informações obtidas da literatura científica e dados inéditos de trabalhos acadêmicos, relatórios técnicos e coleções carcinológicas. A fauna de decápodos da região está atualmente constituída por 64 espécies e subespécies em seis famílias e 17 gêneros. Relaciona-se a diversidade por país, bacias e rios, faz-se comentários sobre espécies endêmicas, raras ou ameaçadas, e apresenta-se informações sobre a literatura taxonômica relevante de cada grupo. Em relação aos crustáceos decápodos, sugere-se sete áreas prioritárias para ações conservacionistas e relaciona-se essas áreas com as 25 áreas prioritárias definidas pelo Grupo de Trabalho em Peixes e Organismos Dulcícolas no "Guayana Shield Conservation Priority Setting Workshop", realizado em Paramaribo (Suriname), em abril de 2002.