Spontaneous Eruption of Permanent Teeth That Had Eruption Disturbances After Extirpation of Odontomas: A Report of Two Cases.

Odontomas, often found adjacent to impacted teeth, are tumors of abnormal tissue morphology arising from the tooth germ and are usually asymptomatic. They are often found by accident on X-ray images, and the eruption of permanent teeth is often caused by odontomas. In most cases, the tooth is extracted with the permanent tooth or orthodontic treatment is performed after extraction. However, the criteria are not clear. We encountered two cases of dental eruption in which permanent teeth, which originally seemed to be suitable for orthodontic treatment, spontaneously erupted after odontoma removal. It is necessary to examine the indications and timing of tooth extraction.

Nonsurgical improvement of severe upper airway obstruction in infants with Robin sequence and cleft palate using Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate treatment.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Severe respiratory distress of neonates with Robin sequence (RS) is traditionally managed by surgery. Stanford Orthodontic Airway Plate treatment (SOAP) is a nonsurgical option. The study aimed to determine if SOAP can improve polysomnography (PSG) parameters of neonates with RS. METHODS: PSG of neonates with RS treated with SOAP at a single hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Patients without PSG at all 4 time points (pre-, start of-, mid-, and post-treatment) were excluded. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed effects model. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included. All patients had cleft palate (CP). The median age (min, max) at the start of treatment was 1.1 months (0.5, 2.3) with the treatment duration of 4.5 months (3.5, 6.0). The mean obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (95% confidence interval) decreased from 39.3 events/hour (32.9, 45.7) to 12.2 events/hour (6.7, 17.7) (P < 0.001), obstructive apnea index decreased from 14.1 (11.2, 17.0) events/hour to 1.0 (-1.5, 3.5) events/hour (P < 0.001), and oxygen nadir increased from 79.9% (77.4, 82.5) to 88.2% (85.5, 90.8) (P < 0.001) between pre- and start of treatment. Respiratory improvements were sustained during and after the treatment. All patients avoided mandibular distraction osteogenesis or tracheostomy following SOAP. CONCLUSIONS: As being a rare diagnosis, the number of participants was, as expected, low. However, the current study demonstrates that SOAP can improve PSG parameters, demonstrating its potential utility before surgical interventions for neonates with RS and CP experiencing severe respiratory distress.

Investigation of Different Miniscrew Head Designs by Finite Element Analysis.

Objective: To determine the optimum miniscrew head design in orthodontic treatments for primary stability and compare stress distribution on a representative bone structure. Methods: Miniscrews with cross heads, mushroom-shaped heads, button heads, bracket heads, and through-hole heads were compared using finite element analysis. Miniscrews, whose three-dimensional drawings were completed using the SolidWorks computer-aided software package, were inserted in the bone block. Orthodontic force was applied to the head, and stress distributions, strains, and total deformations were investigated. Results: The lowest von Mises stress of 5.67 MPa was obtained using the bracket head. On the other hand, the highest von Mises stress of 22.4 MPa was found with the button head. Through mesh convergence analysis, the most appropriate mesh size was determined to be 0.5 mm; approximately 230,000 elements were formed for each model. Conclusion: Because the need for low stress is substantial for the primary stability of the miniscrew, this study demonstrated that the bracket head miniscrew is the optimal head design. In addition, it is posited that the success rate of orthodontic anchorage treatments will increase when bracket head miniscrews are used.

Skeletal Anterior Open Bite Attenuates the Chewing-Related Increase in Brain Blood Flow.

The masticatory function of patients with skeletal anterior open bite (OPEN) is reported to be impaired compared with that of patients with normal occlusion (NORM). In this study, we compared brain blood flow (BBF) in patients with OPEN and NORM and investigated the factors related to BBF during mastication in patients with OPEN. The study included 17 individuals with NORM and 33 patients with OPEN. The following data were collected: number of occlusal contacts, jaw movement variables during mastication, and BBF measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy during chewing. The number of occlusal contacts, maximum closing and opening speeds, closing angle, and vertical amplitude were smaller in the OPEN than in the NORM group. Interestingly, BBF increased less in the OPEN group. Correlation analysis revealed that several parameters, including number of occlusal contacts and closing angle, were correlated with changes in BBF during mastication. These results suggest that not only occlusion but also jaw movement variables and factors related to masticatory muscles contribute to the chewing-related increase in BBF. In conclusion, BBF increases less during mastication in patients with OPEN than in those with NORM. In addition, the higher increase in BBF is correlated with jaw movement. Together, we discovered that OPEN exhibits significant adverse effects not only on masticatory function but also on brain function.

Microbiological Analysis of Plaque and Its Composition in Three Patient Groups under Different Orthodontic Treatments.

BACKGROUND: This article analyzes differences in microbiological parameters and periodontal health conditions among three patient groups: those undergoing conventional orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners, and a control group receiving no treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 60 patients were enrolled. The microbiological analysis employed a qualitative and semi-quantitative methodology of bacterial morphotype analysis. RESULTS: The analyses revealed a significant difference in favor of clear oral and periodontal health aligners. This could be attributed to better bacterial biofilm removal and reduced mechanical stress on the periodontal ligament, factors facilitated by the ease of clear aligner removal. Significant differences (p-value < 0.05) were observed for the Full-Mouth Plaque Score, Full-Mouth Bleeding Score, Plaque Index, and periodontal health assessment measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall hygiene appears to be improved in patients in the aligners group compared to those treated with conventional orthodontic appliances, there are no statistically significant results regarding plaque composition. Microbiological aspects will be further addressed using more specific techniques in the follow-up of this research.

Perceived Orthodontic Needs and Attitudes towards Early Evaluation and Interventions: A Survey-Based Study among Parents of Italian School-Aged Children.

(1) Background: Parents' awareness of malocclusion and their attitude towards early evaluation and interventions influence children's orthodontic management. This cross-sectional study investigates factors that affect the perceived orthodontic needs and the attitude towards interceptive orthodontics among a sample of one-thousand eight-hundred and six (1806) parents of children aged between 6 and 11 years. (2) Methods: The investigation was carried out thought a 18-items online questionnaire divided as follows: characteristics of respondents; perceived child's orthodontic needs; attitude toward early orthodontic evaluation and interventions. The associations between responses were assessed with a Chi-square test. (3) Results: Two-thirds of the respondents referred to having consulted an orthodontist for their child, and more than half of them initiated the required orthodontic treatment. In 44% of cases, the orthodontic consultation occurred after the age of 7 years. Parents' higher education and history of orthodontic treatment were associated with a greater awareness of orthodontic needs. Parents' perception of the impact of teeth on their child's personality was significantly associated with the decision to start the orthodontic treatment (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Although the parents' level of awareness of their child's orthodontic needs was generally satisfactory, the results of the present study pointed out the need for a better education regarding the importance of an early orthodontic assessment.

Computer-Guided Evaluation of the Use of Two Different Devices in the Reduction of Inferior Tooth Crowding.

OBJECTIVE: Lower tooth crowding is considered one of the most common malocclusions in growing patients and due to the potential complications associated with it, it is recommended to intercept this condition as soon as possible. The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare the effectiveness of two different orthodontic devices (elastodontic device and clear aligners) in the treatment of anterior tooth crowding in the jaws of young patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients aged between 10 and 16 years with anterior inferior tooth crowding were recruited into this study and divided into case and control groups. The former group comprised 35 patients (15 males and 20 females, average age 10.2 years) who were treated with elastodontic devices (EQ CP series, Eptamed), while the control group consisted of 35 patients (15 males and 20 females, average age 10.5 years) who received aligners (Invisalign). All patients underwent periodic visits after 6 months from the start of treatment (T1) and after 1 year (T2) in which the progress of therapy was evaluated by measuring the inferior intercanine distance using a digital caliper. A parametric ANOVA test was conducted for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant difference between the two groups at either T1 or T2 (p < 0.05), thus making the two treatment modalities comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Both elastodontic devices and aligners can be considered as effective tools to successfully conduct inferior expansive treatment for the resolution of tooth crowding; however, the elastodontic devices are considered more comfortable to wear and they are required to be worn for less time during the day.

Un "boxing" the reality: Knowledge, attitude, and perception of orthodontists, dental practitioners, and orthodontic patients toward mouthguards' wear during contact sports-A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Mouthguards (MGs) have the potential to prevent contact sport-related dental injuries. However, varying perceptions of their effectiveness persist, influencing recommendations by dental professionals. AIM: To assess the attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of orthodontists, other dental practitioners (general dentists and other dental specialists), and orthodontic patients involved in contact sports regarding the use of MGs. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was designed to collect information from dental clinicians (orthodontists and other dental practitioners) and their orthodontic patients about using MGs during sports participation. A convenience sampling technique was used to recruit the participants for an online survey. A total of 107 (32 males/75 females) dental clinicians and 147 (75 males/72 females) orthodontic patients (mean age 17.5 ± 5.84 years) participated in the study. Pre-validated questionnaires, specifically designed for dental clinicians and orthodontic patients, were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 28.0; SPSS). RESULTS: Nearly 50% of dental clinicians have recently recommended MGs to their patients in their clinical practice out of which 59% preferred the stock type; 33% of dental clinicians enquired their patients about involvement in contact sports during initial visits. The majority of orthodontic patients acquired knowledge about MGs through the Internet. More than half of orthodontic patients expressed unwillingness to pay for MGs, and 89% of orthodontic patients found using MGs during contact sports uncomfortable. CONCLUSION: The findings provide valuable insights into the practices and attitudes of dental clinicians and orthodontic patients regarding MGs, their recommendations, and the comfort levels associated with using them during contact sports.

Orthodontic maxillary molar movement-induced zygomatic pillar remodeling and its consequences on occlusal characteristics and stress distribution.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate changes in the zygomatic pillar during orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction, analyze the effects of maxillary first molar movement on zygomatic pillar remodeling, and examine occlusal characteristics and stress distribution after remodeling. METHODS: Twenty-five patients who underwent premolar extraction were included in the study. The zygomatic pillar measurement range was defined, and cross-sectional areas, surface landmark coordinates, alveolar and cortical bone thicknesses, and density changes were assessed using Mimics software based on the cone-beam computed tomography scans taken before (T0) and after the treatment (T1). Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between changes in the zygomatic pillar and maxillary first molar three-dimensional (3D) movement and rotation. Additionally, the correlation between pillar remodeling and occlusal characteristics was analyzed by Teetester. Pre- and post-reconstruction 3D finite element models were constructed and loaded with an average occlusal force of two periods. RESULTS: The morphological and structural remodeling of the zygomatic pillar after orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction showed a decreased cross-sectional area of the lower segment of the zygomatic pillar. The zygomatic process point moved inward and backward, whereas the zygomatico-maxillary suture point moved backward. The thicknesses of the zygomatic pillar alveolar and cortical bones were thinner, and reduced alveolar bone density was observed. Simultaneously, the movement and angle change of the maxillary first molar could predict zygomatic pillar reconstruction to a certain extent. With decreasing the total occlusal force and the occlusal force of the first molar, occlusal force distribution was more uniform. With zygomatic pillar remodeling, occlusal stress distribution in the zygomatic alveolar ridge decreased, and occlusal stress was concentrated at the junction of the vertical and horizontal parts of the zygomatic bone and the posterior part of the zygomatic arch. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic treatment involving premolar extraction led to zygomatic pillar remodeling, making it more fragile than before and reducing the occlusal force of the maxillary first molar and the entire dentition with stress concentrated in weak areas. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: No other study has focused on the effects of orthodontics on pillar structures. The present study indicates that the mesial movement of the maxillary first molar weakened the zygomatic pillar and reduced occlusal function, thereby providing insights for inserting anchorage screws and facial esthetics.

Supragingival microbiome variations and the influence of Candida albicans in adolescent orthodontic patients with gingivitis.

Introduction: Gingivitis is a prevalent complication in adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatments. However, changes in the supragingival microbiome associated with gingivitis and the impact of Candida albicans remain elusive. Therefore, we investigated supragingival microbiome discrepancy and C. albicans colonization in adolescent orthodontic patients with gingivitis. Methods: Dental plaques were collected from 30 gingivitis patients and 24 healthy adolescents, all undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. The supragingival microbiome composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. C. albicans colonization was determined using fungal culture and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our analysis revealed significantly heightened microbial diversity in the Gingivitis group. Notably, patients with gingivitis exhibited an enrichment of periodontal pathogens, such as Saccharibacteria (TM7) [G-1], Selenomonas, Actinomyces dentalis, and Selenomonas sputigena. Additionally, 33% of the gingivitis patients tested positive for C. albicans, exhibiting significantly elevated levels of absolute abundance, while all healthy patients tested negative. Significant differences in microbial composition were also noted between C. albicans-positive and -negative samples in the Gingivitis group. Conclusion: Significant disparities were observed in the supragingival microbiome of adolescent orthodontic patients with and without gingivitis. The presence of C. albicans in the supragingival plaque may alter the microbiome composition and potentially contribute to gingivitis pathogenesis.

• Adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, with and without gingivitis, show significant differences in their marginal supragingival plaque microbiomes. • Adolescent patients with gingivitis exhibit a significantly higher rate of Candida albicans colonization than healthy individuals. • The colonization of C. albicans alters the composition of the marginal supragingival plaque microbiome in patients with gingivitis.

Effect of Early Orthodontic Treatment on Long-Term Stability of Class II Malocclusions.

Background: Class II malocclusions are a common orthodontic problem, often requiring comprehensive treatment to achieve proper occlusion and facial harmony. Early orthodontic intervention in the mixed dentition phase has been advocated to address these issues. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 150 patients with class II malocclusions who underwent early orthodontic treatment between the ages of 7 and 10 years. The treatment included fixed or removable appliances, headgear, and functional appliances, depending on individual needs. Records of their initial malocclusion severity, treatment modalities, and long-term follow-up data (mean follow-up duration of 10 years) were collected and analyzed. Stability was assessed by evaluating overjet and overbite changes from post-treatment to the long-term follow-up. Results: The initial mean overjet and overbite values were 8.5 mm and 4.0 mm, respectively. Following early orthodontic intervention, these values were significantly reduced to 3.0 mm and 1.5 mm, respectively (P < 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, the mean overjet and overbite remained stable at 3.2 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Analysis revealed that 85% of patients maintained their corrected class II occlusion within clinically acceptable limits, while 15% experienced minor relapse requiring minimal additional treatment. Conclusion: Early orthodontic treatment in class II malocclusions can lead to significant improvements in overjet and overbite, and these corrections tend to remain stable over the long term.

Accelarated Orthodontic Treatment Using Microosteoperforations: A Comparative Study.

Background: Accelerated orthodontic treatment has gained popularity in recent years as patients seek shorter treatment durations. Microosteoperforations (MOPs) have emerged as a minimally invasive technique to expedite tooth movement. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of MOPs in accelerating orthodontic treatment with conventional methods. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 orthodontic patients requiring dental alignment. The participants were divided into two groups: Group A (MOPs) and Group B (conventional orthodontic treatment). In Group A, MOPs were performed at the beginning of the treatment. Both groups received monthly orthodontic adjustments. Treatment duration, rate of tooth movement, and patient discomfort were measured and compared between the two groups. Results: The study found that in Group A, the treatment duration was reduced by 30% compared to Group B (P < 0.05). The rate of tooth movement in the MOPs group was 1.5 times higher than the conventional group (P < 0.01). Additionally, patient-reported discomfort levels were similar between the two groups. No adverse events related to MOPs were observed during the study. Conclusion: MOPs significantly accelerate orthodontic treatment, reducing treatment duration by 30% and increasing the rate of tooth movement by 1.5 times compared to conventional methods. Importantly, MOPs are well-tolerated by patients, making them a valuable option for expediting orthodontic treatment with minimal discomfort. This study highlights the potential benefits of integrating MOPs into orthodontic practice to improve treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction.

Comparative Analysis of Pharyngeal Airway Changes Following All Four Versus All Five Premolar Extractions in Orthodontic Treatments: A Cephalometric Study.

BACKGROUND: Orthodontic treatment, particularly involving premolar extractions, has been a subject of ongoing debate within the orthodontic community. The impact of such interventions on the pharyngeal airway, a critical component of the respiratory system, remains a topic of exploration. OBJECTIVE: This retrospective cephalometric study aims to investigate changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions following orthodontic treatment involving either all four or all five premolar extractions. METHODS: A sample of 68 participants, extracted from orthodontic records, underwent cephalometric analysis to quantify changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions. The study compared two groups: those treated with all four premolar extractions (n=34) and those treated with all five premolar extractions (n=34). Cephalometric radiographs taken before and after treatment were analyzed, focusing on airway width, length, and volume. RESULTS: Preliminary findings indicate significant changes in airway dimensions within each group. In the all four premolar extraction group, there was a statistically significant decrease in airway width (p=0.02) and volume (p=0.04). Similarly, the all five premolar extraction group exhibited significant reductions in airway width (p=0.03) and volume (p=0.02). However, the between-group comparisons revealed no significant differences in changes between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study sheds light on the intricate relationship between orthodontic interventions, specifically premolar extractions, and changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions. While significant changes were observed within each group, the lack of significant differences between the all four and all five premolar extraction groups raises intriguing questions about the specific impact of premolar extraction patterns on the upper airway.

Evaluation of IL-1ß and CRP mRNA expression levels by RT-PCR in postorthodontic treatment patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: a cross-sectional Study.

Aim: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), which affects the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and surrounding tissues, can manifest as inflammation. This study aims to explore the expression levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin (IL)-1ß and C-reactive protein (CRP), in TMD patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: Buccal swabs from 105 postorthodontic treatment patients were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression levels of IL-1ß and CRP in each group after messenger ribonucleic acid extraction. Patients were also examined using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) to determine if they met the criteria for a TMD diagnosis. The TMD group was subdivided into three categories based on the DC/TMD. Results: The study included 37 patients who did not develop TMD (group 0) and 68 participants who developed TMD after orthodontic treatment, including 17 with pain-related TMDs (group 1), 29 with intra-articular TMDs (Group 2), and 22 with combined pain-related and intra-articular TMDs (group 3). CRP expression was higher than IL-1ß in groups 1 and 2, and IL-1ß expression was higher than CRP in group 3. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that IL-1ß and CRP expression levels in groups 1, 2, and 3 were not statistically different. Sex and adult age had considerable effects on the occurrence of TMD in patients after orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: Higher IL-1ß expression was found in postorthodontic treatment patients with more complex TMD. This study strengthens the evidence of inflammation through IL-1ß and CRP expression in individuals with TMD, especially after orthodontic treatment.

Periodontal considerations during orthodontic intrusion and extrusion in healthy and reduced periodontium.

In patients with advanced periodontal disease, pathological tooth migration may occur, which may require subsequent orthodontic treatment for both aesthetic and functional purposes. When planning orthodontic treatment mechanics, intrusive or extrusive forces are frequently indicated. Understanding tissue reactions during these movements is essential for clinicians when devising a comprehensive orthodontic-periodontal treatment plan. This knowledge enables clinicians to be fully aware of and account for the potential effects on the surrounding tissues. The majority of our understanding regarding the behavior of periodontal tissues in both healthy and compromised periodontal conditions is derived from animal studies. These studies offer the advantage of conducting histological and other assessments that would not be feasible in human research. Human studies are nevertheless invaluable in being able to understand the clinically relevant response elicited by the periodontal tissues following orthodontic tooth movement. Animal and human data show that in dentitions with reduced periodontal support, orthodontic intrusion of the teeth does not induce periodontal damage, provided the periodontal tissues do not have inflammation and plaque control with excellent oral hygiene is maintained. On the contrary, when inflammation is not fully controlled, orthodontic intrusion may accelerate the progression of periodontal destruction, with bacterial plaque remnants being displaced subgingivally, leading to further loss of attachment. Orthodontic extrusion, on the other hand, does not seem to cause further periodontal breakdown in dentitions with reduced periodontal support, even in cases with deficient plaque control. This is attributed to the nature of the tooth movement, which directs any plaque remnants coronally (supragingivally), reducing the risk of adverse effects on the periodontal tissues. This specific type of tooth movement can be leveraged to benefit periodontal conditions by facilitating the regeneration of lost hard and soft periodontal tissues in a coronal direction. As a result, orthodontic extrusion can be employed in implant site development, offering an advantageous alternative to more invasive surgical procedures like bone grafting. Regardless of the tooth movement prescribed, when periodontal involvement is present, it is essential to prioritize periodontal therapy before commencing orthodontic treatment. Adequate plaque control is also imperative for successful outcomes. Additionally, utilizing light orthodontic forces is advisable to achieve efficient tooth movement while minimizing the risk of adverse effects, notably root resorption. By adhering to these principles, a more favorable and effective combined orthodontic-periodontal approach can be ensured. The present article describes indications, mechanisms, side effects, and histological and clinical evidence supporting orthodontic extrusion and intrusion in intact and reduced periodontal conditions.

Surgical Orthodontic Treatment for Skeletal Maxillary Protrusion in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by hemangiomas, glaucoma, and central nervous system disorders. Here, we report the case of a 15-year-old boy with SWS and upper-lip hypertrophy who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment for correction of a large overjet and deep overbite. In addition to the a large overjet and deep overbite, interdental spacing was observed in both the arches. The mandible was retrognathic and deviated to the right side. No maxillary occlusal canting or temporomandibular joint symptoms were observed. The patient was diagnosed with skeletal maxillary protrusion with spaced dentition and mandibular deviation to the right due to SWS. After presurgical orthodontic treatment using a multibracket appliance, we performed a sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) alone due to the presence of a hemangioma around the maxilla. No abnormal bleeding or cerebral hemorrhage due to increased blood pressure was observed during the SSRO. Postoperatively, the maxillary and mandibular arches were well-aligned, the deep overbite and excessive overjet improved, and bilateral angle class I molar and canine relationships were established. Furthermore, mandibular deviation improved, and the midlines of both arches approximately coincided with the facial midline. In conclusion, orthognathic surgery is feasible in patients with SWS after carefully evaluating the sites and sizes of the hemangiomas.

Genetic polymorphisms linked to extreme postorthodontic external apical root resorption in Koreans.

BACKGROUND: External apical root resorption (EARR) is a common undesirable outcome of orthodontic treatment, this study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with the susceptibility to extreme orthodontic-induced EARR in a Korean population using extreme phenotype analysis sampling. METHODS: Genomic DNA was isolated from the saliva of 77 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment involving two maxillary premolar extractions. The patients were divided into two groups based on EARR values measured on periapical radiographs: The significant resorption group (SG, EARR ≥ 4 mm) and the normal group (NG, EARR < 2 mm). In the NG group, patients with EARR < 1 mm were named the non-resorption group (NonG). Targeted next-generation sequencing was performed using the screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and firth logistic regression analysis was used to determine genetic associations with EARR. Haplotype-based association analysis was performed for specific SNPs. RESULTS: SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 were found to be significantly associated with severe EARR (p < 0.05, pre-Bonferroni correction p-values). Additionally, the haplotype CCA of rs17525809, rs208294, and rs1718119 P2RX7 had a higher frequency in the SG group. CONCLUSION: Extreme phenotype analysis has identified eleven SNPs related to genes TNFSF11, TNFRSF11B, WNT3A, SFRP2, LRP6, P2RX7, and LRP1 that are associated with severe root resorption in the Korean population. These findings will contribute to the development of predictive diagnostic tools for identifying severe root resorption that may occur during orthodontic treatment.

Statistical Study Concerning Extraction and Non-Extraction Methods in Orthodontic Treatments.

INTRODUCTION: The need to extract permanent teeth for the correction of dento-maxillary anomalies remains even today a controversy in orthodontic therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the orthodontist's point of view on the extraction and non-extraction methods used in orthodontic treatments, regarding clinical experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A de novo conceived questionnaire was elaborated by means of Google Forms and it comprised 22 questions regarding gender, age, different proprieties and aspects of both extraction and non-extraction methods and the percentage of treated patients who developed an increase in dental sensitivity and caries activity following the therapeutic stripping procedure. RESULTS: 204 orthodontists answered the questionnaire. The respondents chose dental stripping (IPR-interproximal reduction) as the most used non-extraction method in their orthodontic practice with 34,3%, followed by over-expansion and dental stripping 24%. The probability that females will try to avoid dental extractions is 1.888 times higher compared to males. The association is statistically significant (p-value 0.0336). 70,1% of clinicians state that they use dental stripping as a non-extraction method to gain space even when there is NO Bolton discrepancy. In Class III cases, for reducing crowding and correcting the dental relations, 65.2% of doctors opt for dental stripping, while 34.8% do not avoid the extraction of a lower incisor. CONCLUSIONS: Among the non-extraction methods for creating space, the most used by the surveyed orthodontists was dental stripping IPR. Tooth extraction remains a solution used by orthodontists for treating dentomaxillary disharmonies with crowding.

Treatment of patients with crowding of the anterior group of teeth by circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of the use of circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy in the treatment of tortoanomalies to improve the effectiveness of treatment, prevent recurrence and increase the stability of the achieved result. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Our study consists in determining the effectiveness of the use of methods that prevent the recurrence of tortoanomalies - circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) in patients over the age of 16 years and the effect of CSF on the gingival junction in the treatment of tortoanomalіes with fixed orthodontic multibonding equipment. RESULTS: Results: The high level of stability of results proves expediency operations circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and papilla splitting at orthodontic treatment of frontal teeth density at patients older 16 years and for increasing stability of results of treatment by prevention of relapse tortoanomalies. Efficiency of the offered ways of treatment is proved clinically and anthropometrically on the early and remote terms of supervision (1, 6, 12 months). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The high level of stability of results proves expediency operations circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy and papilla splitting at orthodontic treatment of frontal teeth density at patients older 16 years and for increasing stability of results of treatment by prevention of relapse tortoanomalies. Efficiency of the offered ways of treatment is proved clinically and anthropometrically on the early and remote terms of supervision (1, 6, 12 months).

Caries and white spot lesion trajectories of orthodontic patients across an observation period of 20 years.

OBJECTIVES: Fixed orthodontic appliances may increase the risk for caries and white spot lesions. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the long-term associations between both in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 103 patients aged 36.6 ± 6.5 years whose fixed appliance orthodontic treatment had finished at least 15 years ago were included. Current clinical data and photographs (T3), panoramic x-ray and photographs from before treatment (T0), after debonding (T1) and at 2-year follow-up (T2) were available. Parameters of interest were dentine caries, "Missing/Filled Teeth" (MFT), "White Spot Lesion" (WSL) index and "Periodontal Screening and Recording" index (PSR; T3 only). RESULTS: At T0, 30.4% had no caries experience decreasing to 25.6%, 22.4% and 6.8% at T1, T2 and T3 resp. The median MFT (95% CI) at T0, T1, T2 and T3 was 2 (1;3), 3 (2;4), 3 (2;4) and 7 (6;9) resp. increasing significantly at each time point (p < 0.001 each); 30.1% had WSL at debonding. Patients with caries experience at T0 had a 2.4-fold increased risk of WSL at debonding. Dentine caries, caries experience and WSL at T1 were significantly associated with incident caries at T2, but not at T3. PSR at T3 had a significant association with previous caries incidence and WSL. CONCLUSIONS: Caries experience prior to orthodontic treatment may constitute a risk indicator for WSL, and caries experience and WSL at its end for caries incidence in the near term. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Present caries and WSL may help identifying orthodontic patients with special need for prevention and counselling.