RESUMO
Most applied work on caries prevention acknowledges the role of oral hygiene and dietary control strategies in reducing the prevalence and incidence of caries. What we seldom address, however, is the necessity of initiating and sustaining behaviors that will ensure these strategies are implemented. Virtually every approach to prevention of caries requires the individual to do something, that is, to engage in different behavior. We are continually confronted by the fact that to improve oral health, individuals must behave in new ways. Strategies for achieving better oral health most often have relied on providing information or telling people what they should or should not do. These approaches have not proven highly effective, yet they continue to be the mainstay of efforts to improve oral health. Acknowledging this failure, dental behavioral scientists have turned to the health beliefs model or to other cognitive-behavioral models, with their emphases on relative risks, barriers, and readiness to change. These models help us to conceptualize what people are doing to keep themselves, or their children, orally healthy, but the success of these models has been only marginal, especially among groups where disparities are extreme. In response, increasingly complex models that require attention to social and environmental variables, as well as individual behavior, have been proposed. Acknowledgment of "upstream variables" has become commonespecially when working with populations experiencing health disparities, but overcoming upstream influences can appear to require sweeping changes that we often are not in a position to address. Consequently, research only picks away at individual elements of models, seeking the behavioral "magic bullet." In an effort to elucidate the challenges, this article introduces the construct of overdetermination of behavior and encourages more rigorous documentation of potential determinants, as well as personalized development of behavioral approaches for implementing strategies to improve oral health. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT: This article reexamines our inconsistent results in effecting behavior change for better oral health using 2 important psychological constructs: "upstream variables" and the "overdetermination" of behavior.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Criança , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Higiene BucalRESUMO
El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la influencia del psicoanálisis en la teoría social contemporánea que va del marxismo occidental al posmarxismo, centrándonos en la noción de sobredeterminación. Para ello iremos a revisar este concepto a la luz de los trabajos de Louis Althusser vinculados al problema de la ideología, reconstruir sus posibles bastidores en el pensamiento freudiano, y analizar la forma en la que esto es introducido en la perspectiva política posmarxista de Ernesto Laclau y Chantal Mouffe.
This work intends to analyse the influence of psychoanalysis on the contemporary social thought that goes from Western Marxism to Post Marxism, focusing on the concept of overdetermination. For this proposal, the paper is going to review this concept through Louis Althusser's theoretical developments about ideology, in order to identify their roots on Freud's thought and also to analyse the way in which that discussion was introduced in post-Marxist political perspective of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe.
O objetivo do trabalho é analisar a influência da psicanálise na teoria social contemporânea que vai do marxismo ao pós-marxismo centrando-se na categoria de sobredeterminação. Para isso iremos revisitar este conceito à luz dos trabalhos de Louis Althhusser vinculados ao problema da ideologia, reconstruir seus possíveis bastidores no pensamento freudiano, e analisar a forma pela qual isso é introduzido na perspectiva política pós-marxista de Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe.
L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser l'influence de la psychanalyse sur la théorie sociale contemporaine allant du marxisme occidental au post-marxisme, en se concentrant sur la notion de surdétermination. Pour cela, nous examinerons ce concept à la lumière du travail de Louis Althusser lié au problème de l'idéologie, en reconstruirons les bases possibles dans la pensée freudienne et en analyserons la manière dont il est introduit dans la perspective politique post-marxiste d'Ernesto Laclau. et Chantal Mouffe.
