The effect of habitat changes along the urbanization gradient for breeding birds: an example from the Xiong'an New Area.

BACKGROUND: Because of its status as an ecocivilization pilot city, fundamental research on spatial distribution patterns and impact factors of the avian community within the Xiong'an New Area is necessary for future ecological planning and mitigation of negative impacts from future urbanization. Gradient research within small cities can provide important information for the development of urbanization gradient patterns of avian communities. METHODS: A total of 30 sample points within the urbanization gradient were selected, and avian communities and environmental variables were measured within a 50 m radius sample circle. Principal component regression analysis was used to analyze bird-environment relationships. The Sorensen dissimilarity index was used to calculate the beta-diversity. RESULTS: Our results showed that there was a significant urban-rural pattern with a gradient phenomenon in avian communities. Results of this study showed more resident, passenger and insectivore species, and a higher density of breeding insectivore and omnivore individuals appear in the urban fringe than in the other areas. A relatively high value of overall beta-diversity and spatial isolation probably exists among the three disjunct constructed regions. Both species richness and individual abundance were significantly influenced by the species diversity of the trees and foliage height diversity (FHD). DISCUSSION: Based on our results and our goal of avian species diversity conservation, we first suggest that urban green spaces be established and ensure a high complexity of vegetation structure as this is critically needed to increase avian species α-diversity within habitat patches. Second, different habitat types within and around the three constructed areas should be developed based on the important existing bird habitats to increase avian diversity in each city, especially in the areas within Xiongxian and Rongcheng that are well protected, and to elevate the beta-diversity of the total region. Finally, based on the biodiversity hotspots identified by this research, ecological corridors should be carefully planned to improve the stability of regional bird communities.

O psicanalista e a pólis / The psychoanalyst and the polis / El psicoanalista y la polis

A relação do psicanalista com a pólis não é sempre a mesma. A frase lacaniana de que o analista deve estar à altura de seu tempo implica que sua participação na pólis leve em conta em qual organização discursiva ele se encontra. A passagem de uma pólis organizada prioritariamente pelo discurso do mestre para outra - agora chamada sociedade - cuja organização passou a se dar sob as coordenadas do discurso capitalista sugere repensar a inserção do psicanalista. Do intelectual crítico ao analista cidadão, observamos um salto que qualifica a nova posição do analista na pólis.

The psychoanalyst's relation to the polis is not always the same. The Lacanian phrase that the analyst must live up to their time implies that their participation in the polis consider what discursive organization they find themselves in. The passage from a polis organized primarily by the master's discourse to another - now called society - whose organization began to take place under the coordinates of the capitalist discourse, suggests rethinking the insertion of the psychoanalyst. From the critical intellectual to the citizen analyst, we observe a leap that qualifies the analyst's new position in the polis.

La relación del psicoanalista con la polis no es siempre la misma. La frase lacaniana de que el analista debe estar a la altura de su tiempo implica que su participación en la polis considere en qué organización discursiva se encuentra. El paso de una polis organizada prioritariamente por el discurso del maestro a otra - ahora llamada sociedad - cuya organización pasó a darse bajo las coordenadas del discurso capitalista, sugiere repensar la inserción del psicoanalista. Del intelectual crítico al analista ciudadano, observamos un salto que califica la nueva posición del analista en la polis.

PARRHESIA, PHAEDRA, AND THE POLIS: ANTICIPATING PSYCHOANALYTIC FREE ASSOCIATION AS DEMOCRATIC PRACTICE.

This essay explores the mostly unexamined analogy of psychoanalytic free association to democratic free speech. The author turns back to a time when free speech was a matter of considerable discussion: the classical period of the Athenian constitution and its experiment with parrhesia. Ordinarily translated into English as "free speech," parrhesia is startlingly relevant to psychoanalysis. The Athenian stage-in particular, Hippolytus (Euripides, 5th century BCE)-illustrates this point. Euripides's tragic tale anticipates Freud's inquiries, exploring the fundamental link between free speech and female embodiment. The author suggests that psychoanalysis should claim its own conception of a polis as a mediated and ethical space between private and public spheres, between body and mind, and between speaking and listening communities.