Advanced biopolymeric materials and nanosystems for RNA/DNA vaccines: a review.

The post COVID-19 pandemic era has emerged with more efficient vaccines, all based on genetic materials. However, to expand the use of nucleic components as vaccines, a new generation of nanosystems particularly constructed to increase RNA/DNA stability, half-life and facilitate administration are still required. This review highlights novel developments in mRNA and pDNA vaccines formulated into nanostructures exclusively composed by biopolymeric materials. Recent advances suggest that a new generation of vaccines may arise by adapting the structural features of biopolymers with the effectiveness of nucleic acids. The advantages offered by biopolymers, such as increased stability and targeting ability may cause a revolution in the immunization field for offering promptly adaptable and effective formulations for worldwide distribution.

[Box: see text].

Assessment of eutrophication from phosphorus remobilization after resuspension of coastal sediments from an urban tropical estuary.

Dredging activities cause sediment resuspension, which can change the bioavailability of nutrients such as phosphorus (P) in aquatic ecosystems due to remobilization. This study evaluated the remobilization of P in the solid and dissolved phase before and after sediment resuspension in the Meriti and Iguaçu River estuaries and the Rio de Janeiro and Niterói harbor in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Three water and sediment samples were collected at each point. Dissolved phosphorus (DP), total phosphorus (TP), organic phosphorus (OP), and inorganic phosphorus (IP) were analyzed before and after resuspension. Resuspension directly impacted the fine-grained samples, causing the release of P into the water column after resuspension, increasing eutrophication of the estuary and risk to biota. The phosphorus enrichment index (PEI) was calculated in the four areas, and in all areas, the index was above 1, which means high ecological risk. The area with sandy granulometry and a lower percentage of organic matter showed an increase in the index after resuspension. The resuspension may impact the increase of eutrophication in some areas, due to the remobilization of the sediment and the adsorbed contaminants.

Lanthanide-based ß-Tricalcium Phosphate Upconversion Nanoparticles as an Effective Theranostic Nonviral Vectors for Image-Guided Gene Therapy.

Lanthanide-based beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) upconversion nanoparticles are exploited as a non-viral vector for imaging guided-gene therapy by virtue of their unique optical properties and multi-modality imaging ability, high transfection efficiency, high biocompatibility, dispersibility, simplicity of synthesis and surface modification. Ytterbium and thulium-doped ß-TCP nanoparticles (ßTCPYbTm) are synthesized via co-precipitation method, coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) and functionalized with a nuclear-targeting peptide (TAT). Further, in vitro studies revealed that the nanotheranostic carriers are able to transfect cells with the plasmid eGFP at a high efficiency, with approximately 60% of total cells producing the fluorescent green protein. The optimized protocol developed comprises the most efficient ßTCPYbTm/PEI configuration, the amount and the order of assembly of ßTCPYbTm:PEI, TAT, plasmid DNA and the culturing conditions. With having excellent dispersibility and high chemical affinity toward nucleic acid, calcium ions released from ßTCPYbTm:PEI nanoparticles can participate in delivering nucleic acids and other therapeutic molecules, overcoming the nuclear barriers and improving the transfection efficacy. Equally important, the feasibility of the upconversion multifunctional nanovector to serve as an effective contrast agent for imaging modality, capable of converting low-energy light to higher-energy photons via a multi-photons mechanism, endowing greater unique luminescent properties, was successfully demonstrated.

Assessment of bottom sediment quality in Niterói harbor (Brazil, South America) through ecological indexes concerning nutrients and trace metals.

Bottom sediment quality from the Niterói harbor at Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) was evaluated based on concentrations of organic phosphorus (OP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) and bioavailability of trace metals through BCR fractionation analysis (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd). The study area revealed elevated concentrations of fine sediments and organic matter (TOC: 2.26-7.31%). OP presented extremely elevated concentrations between 0.57 and 47.04 µmol/g, whereas IP reached a maximum concentration of 4.99 µmol/g. The anoxic bottom at the study area was confirmed by high TOC/OP values in most stations. Phosphorus enrichment index (PEI) varied between 0.07 and 2.57, pointing to ecological risk at some stations. Trace metals were mostly bonded to the bioavailable fractions (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable), and decreasing order of mobility was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) suggested a high risk of bioavailability for Zinc and a medium risk for the other metals. Overall, the Niterói harbor revealed poor sediment quality suggesting a strong anthropogenic pressure in the area.

La resignificación participativa de la fundamentación pedagógica como escenario vital para la construcción del Proyecto Educativo Institucional / Participatory Reunification of Pedagogical Foundation as a Vital Scenario for the Construction of the Institutional Educational Project (PEI)

Resumen La Escuela Normal Superior Pbro. José Gómez Isaza (Antioquia - Colombia) realizó una investigación acción participativa propendiendo por resignificar de la fundamentación pedagógica de su Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI). Situación suscitada por la necesidad de formar otro tipo de maestros, con un perfil acorde a las demandas del contexto y las diversas poblaciones con las que se desenvuelven. Después de haber desplegado una ruta metodológica pensada por los actores/investigadores, fue necesaria una nueva fundamentación pedagógica, subyaciendo así una propuesta pedagógica crítico-dialógica que repensó desde categorías potencializadoras elementos básicos del currículo: formación, didáctica, investigación, relaciones pedagógicas y evaluación. Con esta propuesta se entretejió sistémicamente un nuevo PEI.

Abstract Priest José Gómez Isaza Normal High School, Antioquia, Colombia led a participatory action research striving for the redefinition of the pedagogical foundation of its Institutional Educational Project (PEI). This situation sprang from the need to form other types of teachers, according to a profile based on the demands of the context and the various populations with which they develop. After having deployed a methodological route which was designed by the actors/researchers, a new pedagogical foundation was necessary. Thus, underpinning a critical-dialogical pedagogical proposal, which reconsidered from potentializing categories, basic elements of the curriculum: training, didactics, research, pedagogical relations, and evaluation. With this proposal, a new PEI was systematically interwoven.

Formar la subjetividad política para el posconflicto: una apuesta desde el proyecto educativo institucional en perspectiva filosófica y pedagógica / Form Political Subjectivity for Post-Conflict: A Bet from the Institutional Educational Project (PEI) on a Philosophical and Pedagogical Perspective

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como finalidad comprender las relaciones e interrelaciones que se tejen en la configuración de la subjetividad política desde los procesos formativos con asiento en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI), para un escenario futuro de posconflicto. Los resultados y conclusiones se resumen en que: 1) Se necesita una escuela que sea hospitalaria y de acogida, para que propicie el cuidado de sí y del alter en la formación de la subjetividad política; 2) Es necesario que la escuela reflexione sobre la violencia que ha padecido Colombia, para que los estudiantes tengan cuidado de sí y cuidado del otro; 3) El maestro utilizando el consejo como herramienta pedagógica forma la subjetividad, al mostrar posibles caminos que orienten proyectos de vida; 4) la escuela que forme la subjetividad política desde una pedagogía de la conflanza y seguridad debe alejarse del disciplinamiento.

Abstract The purpose of this article is to understand the relationships and interrelationships, which are woven into the configuration of political subjectivity from the training processes with a seat in the Institutional Educational Project (PEI), for a future post-conflict scenario. The results and conclusions are based on that: 1) A school that is hospitable and host is needed to promote the care of itself and the alternative in the formation of political subjectivity; 2) It is necessary for the school to reflect on the violence that Colombia has gone through, so that students take care of themselves and take care for each other; 3) The teacher, by using advice as a pedagogical tool, forms subjectivity, by showing possible paths, which guide life projects; 4) The school, which forms political subjectivity from a pedagogy of trust and security should move away from disciplining.

Enhanced anticancer activity and endocytic mechanisms by polymeric nanocarriers of n-butylidenephthalide in leukemia cells.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the antitumor mechanisms of n-butylidenephthalide (BP) and to further examine the delivery efficacy of polycationic liposome containing PEI and polyethylene glycol complex (LPPC)-encapsulated BP in leukemia cells. METHODS: MTS, flow cytometric and TUNEL assays were performed to assess cell viability and apoptosis. BP and BP/LPPC complex delivery efficiency was analyzed by full-wavelength fluorescent scanner and fluorescence microscope. The expressions of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related proteins were conducted by Western blotting. RESULTS: The results showed that BP inhibited leukemia cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. LPPC-encapsulated BP rapidly induced endocytic pathway activation, resulting in the internalization of BP into leukemia cells, causing cell apoptosis within 1 h. CONCLUSIONS: LPPC encapsulation enhanced the cytotoxic activity of BP and did not influence the effects of BP induction that suggested LPPC-encapsulated BP might be developed as anti-leukemia drugs in future.

Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in delivery.

In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.

Un ensayo clínico piloto de la efectividad clínica de dos presentaciones de esomeprazol / Clinical effectiveness of two esomeprazole presentations in a pilot trial

Resumen Introducción: el presente estudio tuvo como fin investigar la efectividad clínica de dos presentaciones de esomeprazol en pacientes con dispepsia de causa no estudiada. Métodos: se realizó un ensayo clínico piloto de dos presentaciones de esomeprazol de 40 mg recibidos diariamente por 28 días. Se eligieron pacientes con diagnóstico de dispepsia no estudiada que asistieron a consulta de gastroenterología en un hospital de referencia. Se evaluaron a los pacientes inicialmente con endoscopia y biopsia, el seguimiento a 2 y 4 semanas con escalas clínicas de síntomas y calidad de vida con cuestionarios validados en español (SODA y QoL-PEI) y eventos adversos. Además, se midieron los niveles de pH gástrico con pH-metrías en 24 horas al día 14 de tratamiento. Se tomaron niveles séricos del medicamento al momento de la evaluación de la pH-metría. Para las escalas clínicas se aplicó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de dos factores con medidas repetidas y al encontrar diferencias significativas en los tiempos se realizó una corrección de Bonferroni. Resultados: se aleatorizó un total de 33 pacientes, 16 y 17 pacientes en cada grupo. No hubo diferencias en el porcentaje de inhibición del pH gástrico al día 14 de tratamiento (p = 0,9795). No hubo diferencias en concentraciones de niveles séricos el día 14 (p = 0,2199). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en las escalas de gravedad y calidad de vida en las dos primeras semanas de tratamiento, pero sí en las últimas dos semanas, en las cuales el producto de prueba demostró mayor disminución del dolor (p = 0,0048) y superioridad en conformidad (p = 0,01) en la subescala SODA. No se presentaron eventos adversos serios y no hubo diferencias estadísticas entre la presentación eventos adversos no serios. Conclusiones: los productos de prueba y el de referencia mostraron efectos similares en variables clínicamente relevantes.

Abstract Introduction: This pilot studied the clinical effectiveness of two presentations of esomeprazole in patients with dyspepsia with undiagnosed causes. Methods: We conducted a pilot clinical trial of two 40 mg Esomeprazole presentations. Patients with dyspepsia of unknown cause at a gastroenterology clinic in a referral hospital were included. They received one or the other presentation daily for 28 days. Patients were initially evaluated with endoscopy and biopsy and received follow-up examinations at two and four weeks. Adverse events were recorded, and clinical symptom scales and quality of life questionnaires validated in Spanish (SODA and QoL-PEI) were used. In addition, gastric pH levels were measured continuously for 24 hours on day 14 of treatment. Serum levels of the medication administered were also measured on day 14 of treatment. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare mean differences between the two groups. When significant differences in times were found, a Bonferroni correction was made. Results: A total of 33 patients were randomized into two groups: 16 patients in one group and 17 in the other. There were no differences in the percentages of gastric pH inhibition at day 14 of treatment (p = 0.9795). There were no differences in serum level concentrations on day 14 (p = 0.2199). No significant differences were found in severity and quality of life scales in the first two weeks of treatment. However, in the last two weeks of treatment the test product showed a larger decrease in pain (p = 0.0048) and superiority in compliance (p = 0.01) on the SODA subscale. There were no serious adverse events, and there were no statistical differences between the presentations of non-serious adverse events. Conclusions: The Test product and the Reference product showed similar effects on clinically relevant variables.

EL PEI, un instrumento pedagógico que al reflexionar sobre la memoria colectiva del conflicto armado posibilita un aprendizaje en torno al dolor y sufrimiento / The Institutional Educational Project (PEI): A Pedagogical Instrument that when Reflecting about the Collective Memory of the Armed Conflict, Enables Learning Around Pain and Suffering

Resumen Al interpretar el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI) a partir de las categorías de subjetividad política y memoria colectiva del conflicto armado, encontramos que: i) la escuela haciendo uso de los 5 componentes del PEI puede hacer pedagogía de la memoria sobre las dimensiones del conflicto armado, ii) la escuela puede resignificar los actos cívicos creando activi dades pedagógicas que comporten nuevos sentidos sobre la violencia de pais al motivar la reflexión en los sujetos educativos, iv) es posible una educación desde el lenguaje poético como grito y silencio de las víctmas, v) haciendo pedagogía de la memoria del conflicto armado, la escuela puede propiciar la unión en la comunidad educativa en torno al dolor y sufrimiento, posibilitando una reelaboración imaginativa del dolor físico a sufrimiento, constituyéndose este, en un tipo de enseñanza y apredizaje.

Abstract In interpreting the Institutional Educational Project (PEI) from the political subjectivity and the collective memory categories of the armed conflict, we find that i) the school, by using the 5 components of the PEI, can do pedagogy of the memory on the dimensions of the armed conflict; ii) the school can re-signify civic acts, by creating pedagogical activities, which bring new senses about country violence, by motivating reflection in educational subjects; iii) an education is possible from the poetic language, like victims' cry and silence; iv) in the pedagogy of the memory of the armed conflict, the school can foster the union in the educational community around pain and suffering, by enabling an imaginative reprocessing of physical pain to suffering, which becomes a sort of teaching and learning.

Fatores associados à amputação não traumática em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus: um estudo transversal / Factors associated with non-traumatic amputation in people with Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Objetivou-se verificar os fatores associados à amputação não traumática em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus. Estudo transversal com 212 pacientes de um hospital público do estado da Paraíba. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevista, de junho de 2013 a junho de 2014. As variáveis investigadas foram: ocorrência de amputações, faixa etária, sexo, procedência, anos de estudo, renda familiar e características clínicas. Foram utilizados o odds ratio e o modelo de regressão logística para predizer a probabilidade da variável amputação em função das variáveis explanatórias. Os fatores associados à ocorrência de amputação foram: tempo da doença (p=0,006), tempo de procura por atendimento (p=0,001), gangrena (p=0,001) e tabagismo (p=0,016). Verificou-se um alto risco para amputação associada a: tempo de diabetes, tempo de procura por atendimento, gangrena e tabagismo, chamando atenção para maiores esforços direcionados à identificação da complicação e o precoce referenciamento à atenção de maior complexidade.

The objective of this study was to verify the factors associated with non-traumatic amputation in persons with Diabetes Mellitus. Cross-sectional study with 212 patients from a public hospital of the Paraiba state. Data collection occurred through an interview, from June 2013 to June 2014. The investigated variables were occurrence of amputations, age group, gender, origin, years of study, family income and clinical characteristics. The odds ratio and the logistic regression model were used to predict the probability of the amputation variable according to the explanatory variables. The factors associated with the occurrence of amputation were time of disease (p=0.006), search time for attendance (p=0.001), gangrene (p=0.001) and smoking (p=0.016). There was a high risk of amputation associated with: time of diabetes, search time for attendance, gangrene and smoking, calling attention to greater efforts addressed to identification of the complication and early referral to the care of greater complexity.

Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por pie diabético en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo entre 2006 y 2008, Lima-Perú / Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot in Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, Lima-Peru

Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por pie diabético en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) entre enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2008. Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se revisó las historias clínicas de los pacientes hospitalizados por pie diabético en el HNDM entre enero de 2006 a diciembre de 2008, recabando información sobre el tipo de tratamiento quirúrgico recibido, la presencia de neuropatía periférica, insuficiencia arterial periférica y otros antecedentes epidemiológicos y clínicos. La revisión de datos abarcó el registro de las variables en las historias clínicas tres meses previos a la hospitalización, durante hospitalización o tres meses después de la hospitalización. Resultados: Se evaluaron 166 pacientes, 125 de sexo masculino (75.3 por ciento). La edad promedio fue 59.4ñ12.0 años. El tiempo promedio de enfermedad de diabetes fue 12.5ñ8.1 años. El 35.5 por ciento tenía antecedente de hipertensión arterial, 6.6 por ciento dislipidemia, 3.0 por ciento de infarto de miocardio, 2.4 por ciento de enfermedad cerebro vascular y el 47.6 por ciento de consumo de tabaco. 41 pacientes tenían antecedente de úlcera previa en pie y el 70.7 por ciento de ellos habían recibido algún tratamiento quirúrgico por la lesion. El 95.2 por ciento presentaba neuropatía diabética y 48.8 por ciento insuficiencia arterial periférica (IAP). Recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico 125 pacientes: 27 (21.6 por ciento) limpieza quirúrgica, 40 (32.0 por ciento) amputación menor y 58 (46.4 por ciento) amputación mayor. El 63.4 por ciento de los pacientes con neuropatía y el 84.7 por ciento de los que presentaban IAP fueron sometidos a algún tipo de amputación. De estos factores de riesgo, solo se encontró asociación entre amputación e IAP (p<0.001). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes hospitalizados por pie diabético fueron varones, cerca de la mitad con antecedente de consumo de tabaco y la tercera parte con hipertensión arterial. El 78.4 por ciento de los tratados quirúrgicamente fueron sometidos a algún tipo de amputaciún...

Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot in Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) from January 2006 to December 2008. Methods: Cross-sectional study. We reviewed the medical records of patients hospitalized for diabetic foot in HNDM from January 2006 to December 2008, requesting information on the type of surgical treatment received, the presence of peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease and other clinical and epidemiological history. The review covered the registration data of the variables in record three months prior to hospitalization, during hospitalization and three months after hospitalization. Results: We evaluated 166 patients, 125 males (75.3 percent). Mean age was 59.4ñ12.0 years. The mean length of illness of diabetes was 12.5ñ8.1 years. 35.5 percent had a history of hypertension, 6.6 percent of dyslipidemia, of myocardial infarction, 2.4 percent of cerebrovascular disease and 47.6 percent of consumption of snuff. 41 patients had a history of previous foot ulcer and 70.7 percent of them had received any surgical treatment for the injury. The 95.2 percent had diabetic neuropathy and 48.8 percent peripheral arterial disease (PAD). 125 patients underwent surgery: 27 (21.6 percent) surgical scrub, 40 (32.0 percent) minor amputation and 58 (46.4 percent) major amputation. 63.4 percent of patients with neuropathy and 84.7 percent of those with PAD underwent some type of amputation. Association between amputation and PAD was only found (p <0.001). Conclusions: Most patients hospitalized for diabetic foot were male, nearly half with a history of consumption of snuff and the third part with hypertension. The 78.4 percent of those treated surgically underwent some type of amputation.

Prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra em cão: relato de caso / Third eyelid gland prolapsed in dog: case report

Fazem-se necessárias atualizações na literatura a respeito do prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra, no que diz respeito ao seu tratamento, devido à existência de diferentes técnicas cirúrgicas para sua resolução, com vantagens e desvantagens. O trabalho relata o tratamento cirúrgico, utilizando a técnica de Moore, do prolapso da glândula da terceira pálpebra bilateral, em uma cadela com entrópio bilateral, seis meses de idade e da raça Shar-Pei, atendida no Hospital Veterinário Escola, Moçambique. A técnica de Moore apresentou um bom resultado, e em casos de presença de entrópio bilateral podem ser realizadas ambas as cirurgias no mesmo dia, desde que o entrópio não seja do tipo espástico. O procedimento cirúrgico usando a técnica de Moore continua sendo a técnica cirúrgica de fácil aprendizado, mais simples de se realizar e não afetou a mobilidade da terceira pálpebra.

The updating of the of the prolapse of the third eyelid gland treatment in the literature is pertinent, due to the different surgical techniques for his resolution, with advantages and disadvantages. The work aimed to report the Moore technique in surgical treatment of the bilateral prolapse of the third eye lidgland in a female dog with bilateral entropion, six months, Shar-Peibreed, attended in the Veterinary Hospital School, Mozambique. The Moore technique showed good results andif the bilateral entropionwas not a spastic type, wasable to do the both surgeries in same day. The surgery using the Moore technique continues easy to learn, more simple to do and does not affect the third eyelid mobility.

Amiloidose sistêmica hereditária em um cão da raça Shar-Pei chinês / Hereditary amyloidosis in a dog of Chinese Sharp-Pei breed

A deposição sistêmica de amilóide em sua forma hereditária é descrito em cães da raça Shar-pei Chinês e Beagles. Esta enfermidade também denominada febre (síndrome) familiar dos cães Shar-pei Chineses caracteriza-se por febre recorrente e aumento da articulação do tarso. No setor de Anatomia Patológica da UPIS foi realizada a necropsia de um cão da raça Shar-pei Chinês, fêmea e de 4 anos de idade. À necropsia observou-se edema em membro posterior esquerdo, erosões e ulcerações na porção ventral da língua, mineralização do endocárdio do átrio esquerdo além de ulcerações na região fúndica do estômago. Fragmentos do rim foram imersos em solução de lugol e ácido sulfúrico (3%) evidenciando pontos amarronzados em cortex renal e estrias estendendo-se do córtex a medular com a mesma coloração. A coloração especial de Vermelho congo confirmou amiloidose na histologia e a diferenciação com permanganato de potássio confirmou amilóide do Tipo AA. Os achados clínicos e patológicos foram compatíveis com febre familiar dos cães Shar-pei chineses.

The systemic deposition of amyloid in the hereditary form is described in dogs of the Chinese Shar-pei and Beagle breeds. This disease also known them to fever (syndrome) of the family dog Chinese Shar-pei is characterized by recurrent fever and increased joint of the tarsus. In the sector of Pathological Anatomy of UPIS a necropsy was performed in dog of Chinese Shar-pei breed, female, aging 4 years. At necropsy there was swelling in left posterior member, erosions and ulcerations in the ventral portion of the tongue, mineralization of the endocardium of the left atrium in addition to ulceration in the fundic region of the stomach. Fragments of the kidney were immersed in lugol and sulfuric acid (3%) solution showing brown points in the renal cortex and same colored streaks extending from the cortex to the medula. The Congo red special color did confirm amyloidosis on histology and differentiation with potassium permanganate confirmed amyloid of AA type. The clinical and pathological findings were compatible with fever of family dog Chinese Shar-pei.

Hérnia de hiato: relato de caso / Hiatal hérnia: case report

A hérnia de hiato esofágico é uma doença que afeta cães e gatos geralmente jovens até um ano de idade como condição hereditária e predisposição racial. O afrouxamento do ligamento frênico esofágico faz com que haja uma projeção de órgãos para dentro do esôfago ou lateralmente a ele. Isso leva ao aparecimento de sinais clínicos inespecíficos e somente com uma adequada anamnese e exame radiográfico detalhado é que se pode concluir que se trata de hérnia de hiato. Relata-se o caso clínico de um cão macho da raça Shar-pei com seis meses de idade, o qual a correção da afecção foi cirúrgica com excelente recuperação do animal(AU)

The hiatal esophagic hernia is a disease that affects generally young dogs and cats up to one year old due to heredity and racial predisposition. The esophagus-frenic ligament weakness makes a projection of organs in to or laterally the esophagus. This fact leads to an appearance of meaning clinical signals and only with a detailed anamnesis and radiographic examination as mean to diagnosing hiatal hernia. This research refers a clinical case of a male dog, Shar-pei that was submitted to surgical treatment. Six months after the surgery, the dog had an excellent recovery(AU)

Hérnia de hiato: relato de caso / Hiatal hérnia: case report

A hérnia de hiato esofágico é uma doença que afeta cães e gatos geralmente jovens até um ano de idade como condição hereditária e predisposição racial. O afrouxamento do ligamento frênico esofágico faz com que haja uma projeção de órgãos para dentro do esôfago ou lateralmente a ele. Isso leva ao aparecimento de sinais clínicos inespecíficos e somente com uma adequada anamnese e exame radiográfico detalhado é que se pode concluir que se trata de hérnia de hiato. Relata-se o caso clínico de um cão macho da raça Shar-pei com seis meses de idade, o qual a correção da afecção foi cirúrgica com excelente recuperação do animal

The hiatal esophagic hernia is a disease that affects generally young dogs and cats up to one year old due to heredity and racial predisposition. The esophagus-frenic ligament weakness makes a projection of organs in to or laterally the esophagus. This fact leads to an appearance of meaning clinical signals and only with a detailed anamnesis and radiographic examination as mean to diagnosing hiatal hernia. This research refers a clinical case of a male dog, Shar-pei that was submitted to surgical treatment. Six months after the surgery, the dog had an excellent recovery

Uma proposta de reabilitação neuropsicológica através do programa de enriquecimento instrumental (PEI) / A proposal for neuropsychological rehabilitation through the program of instrumental enrichment (FIE)

Existe hoje, no Brasil, uma incidência grande de pessoas com disfunções cognitivas como memória, atenção e linguagem mal desenvolvidas, que necessitam de um programa de reabilitação para minimizar seus déficits. A reabilitação neuropsicológica objetiva intervenções junto ao paciente e familiares visando à melhora e/ou superação das dificuldades, no plano cognitivo e comportamental dos mesmos, baseadas em técnicas especificas, facilitando a inserção na comunidade. O Programa de Enriquecimento Instrumental (PEI) é um sistema de intervenção constituído a partir de instrumentos para melhorar o funcionamento das funções cognitivas. Nosso objetivo é propor o PEI como um programa de reabilitação neuropsicológica. Acreditamos na relevância desse trabalho como uma opção de programa de reabilitação neuropsicológica, que se propõe à reorganização das funções neuropsicológicas na ação mediada pelo terapeuta, através dos instrumentos do PEI(AU)

There is today in Brazil, a great incidence of people with cognitive disfunctions such as underdeveloped memory, attention and language, who need a rehabilitation program to minimize their deficits. The neuropsychological rehabilitation consists of interventions onto the patient and family, aiming at the improvement and overcoming difficulties, in the cognitive and behavioral plan, based on specific techniques, facilitating community acceptance. Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment Program (FIE) is an intervention system basically elaborated on instruments, to improve the functional side of the cognitive functions. Our goal is to propose FIE as a rehabilitation neuropsychological program. We believe in the relevance of this work as an option to neuropsychological rehabilitation, with the reorganization of the neuropsychological functions in the action mediated by the therapist, through FIE's Instruments(AU)

Uma proposta de reabilitação neuropsicológica através do programa de enriquecimento instrumental (PEI) / A proposal for neuropsychological rehabilitation through the program of instrumental enrichment (FIE)

Existe hoje no Brasil, uma incidência grande de pessoas com disfunções cognitivas como memória, atenção, linguagem,... mal desenvolvidas que necessitam de um programa de reabilitação para minimizar seus déficits.A reabilitação neuropsicológica objetiva intervenções junto ao paciente e familiares, visando à melhora e/ou superação das dificuldades, no plano cognitivo e comportamental dos mesmos, baseadas em técnicas especificas, facilitando a inserção na comunidade. O Programa de Enriquecimento Instrumental (PEI), é um sistema de intervenção, constituído a partir de instrumentos, para melhorar o funcionamento das funções cognitivas.Nosso objetivo é propor o PEI como um programa de reabilitação neuropsicológica. Acreditamos na relevância desse trabalho como uma opção de programa de reabilitação neuropsicológica, que se propõe à reorganização das funções neuropsicológicas na ação mediada pelo terapeuta, através dos instrumentos do PEI.

Osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral lateral em cão shar-pei relato de caso / Osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral lateral condylus in the shar-pei dog case report / Osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo femoral lateral en perro shar-pei: relato de caso

Se relata el tratamiento quirúrgico de osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo femoral lateral, en un perro Shar-Pei macho adulto, con acceso pararotuliano lateral a la rodilla. El diagnóstico fue realizado por medio de examen ortopédico y radiográfico. Como tratamiento, se realizó artrotomía y condiloplastía femoral lateral, removiéndose colgajo cartilaginoso y exponiendo el hueso subcondral. Se realizaron perforaciones, con objetivo de acelerar el proceso de cicatrización. En el periodo post-operatorio se indicó restricción a los ejercicios por 10 días, y después un retorno gradual a las actividades físicas. Se prescribió tramadol y ketoprofeno durante siete días, y sulfato de condroitina por 100 días. Cuarenta días después de la intervención el paciente no más demostraba dolor y claudicación, retornando a la ambulación normal.(AU)

This paper reports the surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral lateral condylus in a male adult Shar-Pei dog, with lateral parapatellar access to the knee. Diagnosis was made by physical and radiographic examination. The treatment was arthrotomy and lateral femoral condylar plastia, removing a cartilaginous flap and exposing the subchondral bone, in which there were performed punctures in order to accelerate the healing process. Exercises were restricted during the first 10 days of the post-op period, and then a gradual return to physical activities was recommended. Tramadol and ketoprofen were prescribed for seven days, and chondroitin sulphate for 100 days. Forty days after the surgery the patient showed absence of pain or lameness, returning to normal ambulation.(AU)

Descreve-se o tratamento cirúrgico de osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral lateral, em um cão macho adulto da raça Shar-Pei, com acesso para-patelar lateral ao joelho. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio de exame ortopédico e radiográfico. Como tratamento, realizou-se artrotomia e condiloplastia femoral lateral, removendo retalho cartilaginoso e expondo o osso subcondral. Foram perfurados orifícios, com a finalidade de acelerar o processo cicatricial. No período pós-operatório houve restrição de exercícios durante 10 dias, com o retorno gradual às atividades físicas. Indicou-se o uso de tramadol e cetoprofeno durante sete dias, e sulfato de condroitina por 100 dias. Quarenta dias após a cirurgia, o paciente apresentou ausência de dor e claudicação, retornando à ambulação normal.(AU)

Osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral lateral em cão shar-pei: relato de caso / Osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral lateral condylus in the shar-pei dog: case report / Osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo femoral lateral en perro shar-pei: relato de caso

Descreve-se o tratamento cirúrgico de osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral lateral, em um cão macho adulto da raça Shar-Pei, com acesso para-patelar lateral ao joelho. O diagnóstico foi realizado por meio de exame ortopédico e radiográfico. Como tratamento, realizou-se artrotomia e condiloplastia femoral lateral, removendo retalho cartilaginoso e expondo o osso subcondral. Foram perfurados orifícios, com a finalidade de acelerar o processo cicatricial. No período pós-operatório houve restrição de exercícios durante 10 dias, com o retorno gradual às atividades físicas. Indicou-se o uso de tramadol e cetoprofeno durante sete dias, e sulfato de condroitina por 100 dias. Quarenta dias após a cirurgia, o paciente apresentou ausência de dor e claudicação, retornando à ambulação normal.

This paper reports the surgical treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral lateral condylus in a male adult Shar-Pei dog, with lateral parapatellar access to the knee. Diagnosis was made by physical and radiographic examination. The treatment was arthrotomy and lateral femoral condylar plastia, removing a cartilaginous flap and exposing the subchondral bone, in which there were performed punctures in order to accelerate the healing process. Exercises were restricted during the first 10 days of the post-op period, and then a gradual return to physical activities was recommended. Tramadol and ketoprofen were prescribed for seven days, and chondroitin sulphate for 100 days. Forty days after the surgery the patient showed absence of pain or lameness, returning to normal ambulation.

Se relata el tratamiento quirúrgico de osteocondritis disecante del cóndilo femoral lateral, en un perro Shar-Pei macho adulto, con acceso pararotuliano lateral a la rodilla. El diagnóstico fue realizado por medio de examen ortopédico y radiográfico. Como tratamiento, se realizó artrotomía y condiloplastía femoral lateral, removiéndose colgajo cartilaginoso y exponiendo el hueso subcondral. Se realizaron perforaciones, con objetivo de acelerar el proceso de cicatrización. En el periodo post-operatorio se indicó restricción a los ejercicios por 10 días, y después un retorno gradual a las actividades físicas. Se prescribió tramadol y ketoprofeno durante siete días, y sulfato de condroitina por 100 días. Cuarenta días después de la intervención el paciente no más demostraba dolor y claudicación, retornando a la ambulación normal.