Forensic entomology in homicide cases: study of a corpse found inside a buried vehicle.

Forensic entomology plays a crucial role in death investigations, particularly in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). This study presents a forensic entomology case involving a corpse found in a buried utility vehicle. The victim was in an advanced state of decomposition, with autopsy findings revealing gunshot wounds. Cadaveric fauna was collected at the scene and during the autopsy. The analysis revealed a diverse insect community, with predominance of Compsomyiops fulvicrura and Piophila casei. The time of development of species like Dermestes maculatus and Necrobia rufipes was used to estimate the minimum PMI. The presence and low abundance of Calliphora vicina, a species preferring lower temperatures, shed light on the seasonal conditions at the time of death and suggested possible body concealment shortly after death. This research is the first to report insects as evidence in a corpse found in a buried vehicle and contributes to the body of knowledge in forensic entomology. The study also suggests that the use of entomological evidence can provide additional information about the season in which the body was concealed, making it a valuable tool in death investigation and crime scene reconstruction. Finally, it emphasizes the need for proper sampling, expert identification, and close collaboration between forensic entomologists and pathologists.

Cetoacidosis diabética secundaria a inmunoterapia / Diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to immunotherapy

Resumen Los inhibidores de puntos de control inmune (ICIs) son anticuerpos monoclonales cada vez más utilizados en tratamientos oncológicos. A medida que aumenta la experiencia en el uso de inmunoterapia, se conoce cada vez más su perfil de seguridad y los efectos adversos inmunomediados. Entre ellos se encuentra la cetoaci dosis diabética (CAD), complicación infrecuente, grave y potencialmente mortal. En este trabajo describimos los casos de tres pacientes que se presentaron con episo dios de CAD durante el tratamiento con ICIs, dos de los cuales manifestaron con formas fulminantes, llevando un curso agudo con valores de hemoglobina glicosilada inicialmente normales. Asimismo, realizamos una revi sión de la literatura sobre la CAD asociada a ICIs a fines de resaltar la importancia de advertir estas complica ciones potencialmente fatales e instaurar rápidamente la terapéutica apropiada.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that are increasingly used in cancer treat ments. As experience in the use of immunotherapy increases, more is known about its safety profile and immune-mediated adverse effects. Among them is dia betic ketoacidosis (DKA), a rare but serious fatal compli cation of treatment. In this paper we describe the cases of three patients who presented with episodes of DKA during treatment with ICIs, two of which manifested with fulminant forms, leading to an acute course with initially normal glycosylated hemoglobin values. In ad dition, we conducted a review of the literature on DKA associated with ICIs in order to highlight the importance of noticing these potentially fatal complications and promptly establishing appropriate therapy.

Efficacy of an integrated program (PIA-2) to reduce the risk for problems related to eating, weight and body image in female adolescents from Argentina.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of an integrated program (PIA-2) to reduce the risk for problems related to eating, weight and body image in female adolescents from Argentina. METHOD: A quasi-experimental study was conducted by comparing an experimental group versus a control group. The final sample included 509 girls aged 13-18 (M = 15.39 and SD = 1.30) from nine schools located in three geographical regions. They provided data at three assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention and a 3-month follow-up. Dependent variables included skipping breakfast, physical activity, eating disorder risk and thin-ideal internalization. The program was carried out in three 90-minute sessions within usual school hours, at 1-week intervals. RESULTS: Participants who received the intervention decreased more than the control group in skipping breakfast month by month. However, a significant effect of the intervention was not found on physical activity, eating disorder risk, and thin-ideal internalization. DISCUSSION: The presence of mixed findings shows the need to adjust the intervention to enhance the results. The importance of working jointly with other Latin American countries is emphasized, in order to promote the growth of the field of prevention, regarding cultural particularities shared by our societies. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Integrated programs aimed at reducing risk factors for the entire spectrum of problems related to eating, weight and body image could lead to beneficial and more efficient effects. However, their development is still incipient in Latin America. PIA-2 Program, designed for female adolescents, produced positive results in one of the four variables studied, decreasing the weekly frequency of skipping breakfast among adolescents. This is pioneering research in Argentina and the region since very few studies on integrated prevention have been published in Latin America. It is crucial to continue with efforts aimed at developing programs that are suited to the specific needs of the population of Latin American countries. In this aspect, our study is undoubtedly an important contribution.

Imunomarcação de TGF-β em próstatas caninas normais e com lesões proliferativas / Immunoexpression of TGF-β in normal canine prostates and with proliferative lesions

O fator de crescimento transformador-β (TGF-β), um mediador do crescimento prostático, induz a angiogênese e inibe a proliferação celular. Neste estudo, esse marcador foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar sua imunomarcação no tecido normal e com lesões proliferativas benignas, pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas da próstata canina. Para isso, foram selecionadas 54 glândulas com histomorfologia normal, hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) epitelial, HPB estromal, atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA), neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e carcinoma, utilizadas para a confecção de um bloco de microarranjo tecidual (Tissue Microarray - TMA). As lâminas de TMA foram submetidas à técnica de imunoistoquímica com o anticorpo anti-TGF-β, sendo avaliada a intensidade de imunomarcação nas células epiteliais e estromais. Houve imunomarcação de TGF-β no tecido normal e naqueles com lesões proliferativas. Maior imunomarcação de TGF-β foi constatada nas células do tecido prostático normal e com HPB, enquanto as células prostáticas com PIA, PIN e carcinoma exibiram menor imunomarcação dessa citocina, o que sugere a ação do TGF-β na manutenção da homeostase do tecido normal e com lesão proliferativa benigna e na progressão das lesões proliferativas pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina.(AU)

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a mediator of prostatic growth induces angiogenesis and inhibits cell proliferation. It was used in this study in order to evaluate its expression in normal prostatic tissue and those with benign proliferative lesions, pre-malignant and malignant prostatic diseases. A total of 54 glands with normal histomorphology, epithelial benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stromal BPH, prostatic inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and adenocarcinoma were selected and used in the tissue microarray block (TMA). The TMA slides were subjected to the immunohistochemistry with anti-TGF-β and its staining intensity in epithelial and stromal cells was evaluated. There was TGF-β immunostaining by both normal tissues and those with proliferative lesions. Higher TGF-β immunostaining was observed in cells from normal prostatic tissues and with HPB, whereas prostatic cells with PIA, PIN and carcinoma exhibited lower immunostaining of this cytokine, suggesting the action of TGF-β in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and with benign proliferative lesion and in the progression of pre-malignant and malignant proliferative lesions of the canine prostate.(AU)

Imunomarcação de TGF-β em próstatas caninas normais e com lesões proliferativas / Immunoexpression of TGF-β in normal canine prostates and with proliferative lesions

O fator de crescimento transformador-β (TGF-β), um mediador do crescimento prostático, induz a angiogênese e inibe a proliferação celular. Neste estudo, esse marcador foi utilizado com o objetivo de avaliar sua imunomarcação no tecido normal e com lesões proliferativas benignas, pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas da próstata canina. Para isso, foram selecionadas 54 glândulas com histomorfologia normal, hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) epitelial, HPB estromal, atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA), neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e carcinoma, utilizadas para a confecção de um bloco de microarranjo tecidual (Tissue Microarray - TMA). As lâminas de TMA foram submetidas à técnica de imunoistoquímica com o anticorpo anti-TGF-β, sendo avaliada a intensidade de imunomarcação nas células epiteliais e estromais. Houve imunomarcação de TGF-β no tecido normal e naqueles com lesões proliferativas. Maior imunomarcação de TGF-β foi constatada nas células do tecido prostático normal e com HPB, enquanto as células prostáticas com PIA, PIN e carcinoma exibiram menor imunomarcação dessa citocina, o que sugere a ação do TGF-β na manutenção da homeostase do tecido normal e com lesão proliferativa benigna e na progressão das lesões proliferativas pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina.

The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a mediator of prostatic growth induces angiogenesis and inhibits cell proliferation. It was used in this study in order to evaluate its expression in normal prostatic tissue and those with benign proliferative lesions, pre-malignant and malignant prostatic diseases. A total of 54 glands with normal histomorphology, epithelial benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), stromal BPH, prostatic inflammatory atrophy (PIA), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and adenocarcinoma were selected and used in the tissue microarray block (TMA). The TMA slides were subjected to the immunohistochemistry with anti-TGF-β and its staining intensity in epithelial and stromal cells was evaluated. There was TGF-β immunostaining by both normal tissues and those with proliferative lesions. Higher TGF-β immunostaining was observed in cells from normal prostatic tissues and with HPB, whereas prostatic cells with PIA, PIN and carcinoma exhibited lower immunostaining of this cytokine, suggesting the action of TGF-β in the maintenance of normal tissue homeostasis and with benign proliferative lesion and in the progression of pre-malignant and malignant proliferative lesions of the canine prostate.

De Jane Marcet ao visconde de Vilarinho de São Romão: conversas sobre química no século XIX / From Jane Marcet to the Viscount of Vilarinho de São Romão: conversations about chemistry in the nineteenth century

Resumo O livro de Jane Marcet Conversations on chemistry foi adaptado e publicado em português, em 1834, por António Teixeira Girão, por meio da tradução da adaptação de Anselme Payen, publicada em 1825. Nessa versão, Girão introduz grande número de notas e novo capítulo. Este artigo analisa o conteúdo científico e as circunstâncias da publicação da obra de Girão, no contexto das diversas formas em que Conversations foi adaptado em diferentes datas e países. Para isso, foi realizada uma compilação das edições acessíveis em bibliotecas públicas de todo o mundo. Na análise, são também abordadas problemáticas da autoria, tradução e adaptação, assim como questões de gênero, envolvidas na edição científica no século XIX.

Abstract Jane Marcet's Conversations on chemistry was adapted and published in Portuguese by António Teixeira Girão in 1834, based on a translation of Anselme Payen's adaptation, released in 1825. Girão added many notes and a new chapter to his version. The article analyzes the scientific content and circumstances surrounding publication of Girão's book within the context of the diverse approaches used in adapting Conversations at different moments in time and in different countries. The analysis draws from our compilation of editions accessible online at public libraries around the world. It also explores issues related to authorship, translation, adaptation, and gender in scientific publishing in the nineteenth century.

Expression of cell cycle inhibitors in canine prostate with proliferative inflammatory atrophy and carcinoma / Expressão de inibidores do ciclo celular na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa e carcinoma

Gene expression of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and TP53, and immunostaining of p21, p27 and p53 were evaluated to verify the role of these cell cycle inhibitors in canine prostates with proliferative inflammatory atrophy-PIA and prostatic carcinoma-PC. Seventy samples, 15 normal, 30PIA and 25PC. Regarding number of p27 and p53 labeled cells, difference between normal and PIA and PC was observed, as well as between PIA and PC for p53. Immunostaining intensities of p21, p27 and p53 were different when comparing normal tissues to PIA and PC. Sixteen cDNA of canine prostatic FFPE tissue were subjected to RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, four normal, three PIA, and nine PC. CDKN1A mRNA was detected in four PC by RT-PCR, and it was overexpressed when compared to normal by RT-qPCR, in one PIA and six PC. CDKN1B mRNA was detected in three PC by RT-PCR and it was overexpressed in three PC and decreased in one PC. TP53 mRNA was overexpressed in one PIA and three PC. In conclusion, when overexpressed in canine prostate with premalignant and malignant, p21 and p27 play a role controlling cell proliferation, working as a protective factor in the evolution of PIA to PC, and in the PC development, even in the presence of altered p53.(AU)

A expressão gênica de CDKN1A, CDKN1B e TP53, assim como imunomarcação de p21, p27 e p53 foram realizadas a fim de verificar o papel desses inibidores do ciclo celular na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) e carcinoma prostático (PC). Foram obtidas70 amostras de próstata canina, sendo 15 de tecido normal, 30 de PIA e 25 de PC. Quanto ao número de células imunomarcadas foi observada diferença entre amostras normais, com PIA e PC para p27 e p53, assim como entre PIA e PC para p53. Para a intensidade de imunomarcação houve diferença entre os tecidos normais e com PIA e PC para p21, p27 e p53. Foram obtidas dezesseis amostras de cDNA a partir de amostras de próstatas caninas embebidas em parafina para a realização da RT-PCR e RT-qPCR, sendo quatro normais, três com PIA, e nove com o PC. O gene CDKN1A foi detectado em quatro das amostras com PC por RT-PCR, e pela RT-qPCR este estava superexpresso em uma PIA e em seis PC quando da comparação com o tecido prostático normal. O CDKN1B foi detectado em três PC por RT-PCR e pela RT-qPCR estava superexpresso em três PC e reduzido em um PC. O TP53 foi detectado em todas as próstatas caninas com PIA e PC por RT-PCR, sendo também superexpresso em uma glândula com PIA e em três com PC. Concluiu-se que p21 e p27 quando superexpressas na próstata canina com lesões pré-malignas (PIA) e malignas (PC) desempenham ação no controle da proliferação celular, possivelmente atuando como fator de proteção na evolução da PIA para PC, e no desenvolvimento do PC, mesmo na presença de p53 alterada. Assim, o próximo passo é avaliar essas proteínas do ciclo celular em casos de PC canino com metástase.(AU)

Expression of cell cycle inhibitors in canine prostate with proliferative inflammatory atrophy and carcinoma / Expressão de inibidores do ciclo celular na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa e carcinoma

Gene expression of CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and TP53, and immunostaining of p21, p27 and p53 were evaluated to verify the role of these cell cycle inhibitors in canine prostates with proliferative inflammatory atrophy-PIA and prostatic carcinoma-PC. Seventy samples, 15 normal, 30PIA and 25PC. Regarding number of p27 and p53 labeled cells, difference between normal and PIA and PC was observed, as well as between PIA and PC for p53. Immunostaining intensities of p21, p27 and p53 were different when comparing normal tissues to PIA and PC. Sixteen cDNA of canine prostatic FFPE tissue were subjected to RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, four normal, three PIA, and nine PC. CDKN1A mRNA was detected in four PC by RT-PCR, and it was overexpressed when compared to normal by RT-qPCR, in one PIA and six PC. CDKN1B mRNA was detected in three PC by RT-PCR and it was overexpressed in three PC and decreased in one PC. TP53 mRNA was overexpressed in one PIA and three PC. In conclusion, when overexpressed in canine prostate with premalignant and malignant, p21 and p27 play a role controlling cell proliferation, working as a protective factor in the evolution of PIA to PC, and in the PC development, even in the presence of altered p53.(AU)

A expressão gênica de CDKN1A, CDKN1B e TP53, assim como imunomarcação de p21, p27 e p53 foram realizadas a fim de verificar o papel desses inibidores do ciclo celular na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) e carcinoma prostático (PC). Foram obtidas70 amostras de próstata canina, sendo 15 de tecido normal, 30 de PIA e 25 de PC. Quanto ao número de células imunomarcadas foi observada diferença entre amostras normais, com PIA e PC para p27 e p53, assim como entre PIA e PC para p53. Para a intensidade de imunomarcação houve diferença entre os tecidos normais e com PIA e PC para p21, p27 e p53. Foram obtidas dezesseis amostras de cDNA a partir de amostras de próstatas caninas embebidas em parafina para a realização da RT-PCR e RT-qPCR, sendo quatro normais, três com PIA, e nove com o PC. O gene CDKN1A foi detectado em quatro das amostras com PC por RT-PCR, e pela RT-qPCR este estava superexpresso em uma PIA e em seis PC quando da comparação com o tecido prostático normal. O CDKN1B foi detectado em três PC por RT-PCR e pela RT-qPCR estava superexpresso em três PC e reduzido em um PC. O TP53 foi detectado em todas as próstatas caninas com PIA e PC por RT-PCR, sendo também superexpresso em uma glândula com PIA e em três com PC. Concluiu-se que p21 e p27 quando superexpressas na próstata canina com lesões pré-malignas (PIA) e malignas (PC) desempenham ação no controle da proliferação celular, possivelmente atuando como fator de proteção na evolução da PIA para PC, e no desenvolvimento do PC, mesmo na presença de p53 alterada. Assim, o próximo passo é avaliar essas proteínas do ciclo celular em casos de PC canino com metástase.(AU)

Expression of EGF receptors in canine prostate with proliferative inflammatory atrophy and carcinoma / Expressão de receptores EGF na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa e carcinoma

Gene expression of ErbB1 and ErbB2, and immunostaining of EGFR (Her1) and Her2 (c-erbB-2) were evaluated in this study to ascertain whether these receptors are involved in the evolution of canine premalignant and malignant prostatic lesions, as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic carcinoma (PC). With regards to the intensity of EGFR immunostaining, there was no difference between normal prostatic tissue and tissues with PIA or PC. In relation to Her2 immunostaining, there were differences between normal prostatic tissue and those with PIA and PC, as also differences between prostates with PIA and PC. There was no correlation between EGFR and Her2 immunostaining. ErbB1 gene product was detected in two normal tissue samples, in one with PIA, and in all samples with PC. ErbB2 mRNA was recorded in two canine samples with PIA, in all with PC, but was not detected in normal prostatic tissue. It was concluded that EGFR and Her2 play roles in canine PIA and PC, suggesting that those receptors may be involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis.(AU)

A expressão gênica de ErbB1 e ErbB2 e a imunomarcação de EGFR (Her1) e Her2 (c-erbB-2) foram avaliadas para verificar o envolvimento desses receptores em lesões pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina, como a atrofia proliferativa inflamatória (PIA) e o carcinoma prostático (PC). Em relação à intensidade de imunomarcação para EGFR, não houve diferença entre o tecido prostático normal e com PIA e PC. Em relação a Her2, observou-se diferença de imunomarcação entre o tecido prostático normal e aqueles com PIA e PC e entre os com PIA e PC. Não houve correlação entre EGFR e Her2. O gene ErbB1 foi detectado em duas amostras normais, uma de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC. O gene ErbB2 foi detectado em duas amostras de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC, não sendo detectado no tecido prostático normal. Conclui-se que EGFR e Her2 atuam nas lesões de PIA e PC, sugerindo o envolvimento destes na carcinogênese da próstata canina.(AU)

Expression of EGF receptors in canine prostate with proliferative inflammatory atrophy and carcinoma / Expressão de receptores EGF na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa e carcinoma

Gene expression of ErbB1 and ErbB2, and immunostaining of EGFR (Her1) and Her2 (c-erbB-2) were evaluated in this study to ascertain whether these receptors are involved in the evolution of canine premalignant and malignant prostatic lesions, as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic carcinoma (PC). With regards to the intensity of EGFR immunostaining, there was no difference between normal prostatic tissue and tissues with PIA or PC. In relation to Her2 immunostaining, there were differences between normal prostatic tissue and those with PIA and PC, as also differences between prostates with PIA and PC. There was no correlation between EGFR and Her2 immunostaining. ErbB1 gene product was detected in two normal tissue samples, in one with PIA, and in all samples with PC. ErbB2 mRNA was recorded in two canine samples with PIA, in all with PC, but was not detected in normal prostatic tissue. It was concluded that EGFR and Her2 play roles in canine PIA and PC, suggesting that those receptors may be involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis.

A expressão gênica de ErbB1 e ErbB2 e a imunomarcação de EGFR (Her1) e Her2 (c-erbB-2) foram avaliadas para verificar o envolvimento desses receptores em lesões pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina, como a atrofia proliferativa inflamatória (PIA) e o carcinoma prostático (PC). Em relação à intensidade de imunomarcação para EGFR, não houve diferença entre o tecido prostático normal e com PIA e PC. Em relação a Her2, observou-se diferença de imunomarcação entre o tecido prostático normal e aqueles com PIA e PC e entre os com PIA e PC. Não houve correlação entre EGFR e Her2. O gene ErbB1 foi detectado em duas amostras normais, uma de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC. O gene ErbB2 foi detectado em duas amostras de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC, não sendo detectado no tecido prostático normal. Conclui-se que EGFR e Her2 atuam nas lesões de PIA e PC, sugerindo o envolvimento destes na carcinogênese da próstata canina.

Expression of EGF receptors in canine prostate with proliferative inflammatory atrophy and carcinoma / Expressão de receptores EGF na próstata canina com atrofia inflamatória proliferativa e carcinoma

ABSTRACT: Gene expression of ErbB1 and ErbB2, and immunostaining of EGFR (Her1) and Her2 (c-erbB-2) were evaluated in this study to ascertain whether these receptors are involved in the evolution of canine premalignant and malignant prostatic lesions, as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) and prostatic carcinoma (PC). With regards to the intensity of EGFR immunostaining, there was no difference between normal prostatic tissue and tissues with PIA or PC. In relation to Her2 immunostaining, there were differences between normal prostatic tissue and those with PIA and PC, as also differences between prostates with PIA and PC. There was no correlation between EGFR and Her2 immunostaining. ErbB1 gene product was detected in two normal tissue samples, in one with PIA, and in all samples with PC. ErbB2 mRNA was recorded in two canine samples with PIA, in all with PC, but was not detected in normal prostatic tissue. It was concluded that EGFR and Her2 play roles in canine PIA and PC, suggesting that those receptors may be involved in canine prostatic carcinogenesis.

RESUMO: A expressão gênica de ErbB1 e ErbB2 e a imunomarcação de EGFR (Her1) e Her2 (c-erbB-2) foram avaliadas para verificar o envolvimento desses receptores em lesões pré-malignas e malignas da próstata canina, como a atrofia proliferativa inflamatória (PIA) e o carcinoma prostático (PC). Em relação à intensidade de imunomarcação para EGFR, não houve diferença entre o tecido prostático normal e com PIA e PC. Em relação a Her2, observou-se diferença de imunomarcação entre o tecido prostático normal e aqueles com PIA e PC e entre os com PIA e PC. Não houve correlação entre EGFR e Her2. O gene ErbB1 foi detectado em duas amostras normais, uma de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC. O gene ErbB2 foi detectado em duas amostras de PIA e em todas as amostras de PC, não sendo detectado no tecido prostático normal. Conclui-se que EGFR e Her2 atuam nas lesões de PIA e PC, sugerindo o envolvimento destes na carcinogênese da próstata canina.

Extended Posterior Interosseous Artery Flap: Anatomical and Clinical Study.

PURPOSE: A reverse-flow pedicled flap from the posterior interosseous artery (PIA) has been used to cover defects on the dorsal and volar aspects of the hand. However, the original description of this flap does not reach further than the metacarpophalangeal joints of the 4 ulnar digits. In the present study, we describe a distal variant (type 2) of the PIA flap, which changes the pivot point of the classic variant (type 1) and which can provide full coverage of single or multiple digits in the entire dorsum and palmar surface of the fingers. METHODS: An anatomical study was performed on 26 cadaveric specimens to assess the presence of the anastomosis between the PIA and the dorsal intercarpal arch (DIA). In addition, the gain in pedicle length using the DIA anastomosis as a pivot point was compared with the classic pivot point at the anterior interosseous artery. A clinical study in 19 patients with soft tissue defects distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the fingers was also performed to assess the viability and clinical outcomes of the new variant of the PIA flap. RESULTS: The PIA was identified reaching the dorsal carpal arch in all anatomical specimens. The mean pedicle length of the fifth extensor compartment artery was 4.8 cm (range, 4.1-5.3 cm). The mean arterial diameter was 0.8 mm (range, 0.6-1.2 mm). In the clinical study, 17 flap reconstructions were done for posttraumatic lesions and 2 postburn contractures. All extended PIA flap procedures were performed successfully without loss of the flap or significant partial necrosis. We had only 1 superficial infection. There was no need for revision of the flap in any case. CONCLUSIONS: By extending the pivot point of the PIA flap through the DIA, instead of the anastomosis with the anterior interosseous artery, the flap distance can be increased by about 8.5 cm, allowing complete coverage of the fingers. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

The Active Component of Aspirin, Salicylic Acid, Promotes Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation in a PIA-dependent Manner.

Aspirin has provided clear benefits to human health. But salicylic acid (SAL) -the main aspirin biometabolite- exerts several effects on eukaryote and prokaryote cells. SAL can affect, for instance, the expression of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. SAL can also form complexes with iron cations and it has been shown that different iron chelating molecules diminished the formation of S. aureus biofilm. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the iron content limitation caused by SAL can modify the S. aureus metabolism and/or metabolic regulators thus changing the expression of the main polysaccharides involved in biofilm formation. The exposure of biofilm to 2 mM SAL induced a 27% reduction in the intracellular free Fe2+ concentration compared with the controls. In addition, SAL depleted 23% of the available free Fe2+ cation in culture media. These moderate iron-limited conditions promoted an intensification of biofilms formed by strain Newman and by S. aureus clinical isolates related to the USA300 and USA100 clones. The slight decrease in iron bioavailability generated by SAL was enough to induce the increase of PIA expression in biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant as well as methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains. S. aureus did not produce capsular polysaccharide (CP) when it was forming biofilms under any of the experimental conditions tested. Furthermore, SAL diminished aconitase activity and stimulated the lactic fermentation pathway in bacteria forming biofilms. The polysaccharide composition of S. aureus biofilms was examined and FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed a clear impact of SAL in a codY-dependent manner. Moreover, SAL negatively affected codY transcription in mature biofilms thus relieving the CodY repression of the ica operon. Treatment of mice with SAL induced a significant increase of S aureus colonization. It is suggested that the elevated PIA expression induced by SAL might be responsible for the high nasal colonization observed in mice. SAL-induced biofilms may contribute to S. aureus infection persistence in vegetarian individuals as well as in patients that frequently consume aspirin.

Plano Individual de Atendimento (PIA) na perspectiva dos técnicos da semiliberdade / The Individual Plan of Care (IPC) from the point of view of technicians who deal with semi-liberty

Este artigo apresenta uma leitura do trabalho das equipes técnicas com o Plano Individual de Atendimento (PIA). Contextualiza o PIA no cenário das medidas socioeducativas, que teve início como projeto de vida e se formalizou enquanto dispositivo previsto na Lei n. 12.594/2012. Discute-se a importância do instrumento, bem como os impasses do seu uso a partir da concepção das equipes das Casas de semiliberdade, considerando as especificidades presentes no cumprimento desta determinação judicial. Por fim, expõem-se reflexões sobre o trabalho com o PIA, propondo recursos para garantir, além da formalização, a individualização da medida do adolescente.

This article is an analysis of the work accomplished by the technical teams working with the Plano Individual de Atendimento (PIA) - Individual Plan of Care (IPC). It contextualizes IPC in the scenario of Social and Educational Procedures. IPC started as a life project, and it was formalized as a provision in Law 12.594/2012. The importance of the instrument is discussed, as well as the impasses to its use from the conceptions of the teams working at Casas de semiliberdade (Semi-liberty Houses). The specificities to abide by that judicial determination are considered. Finally, there are some thoughts about the work with IPC, and resources are proposed in order to ensure not only the formalization, but also the individualization of the teenager procedure.

uPAR expression in canine normal prostate and with proliferative disorders / Expressão de uPAR na próstata canina normal e com lesões proliferativas

Prostatic lesions such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) are studied in human and canine species due to their malignance potential. The plasminogen activator (PA) system has been suggested to play a central role in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor invasion. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a component of the PA, with a range of expression in tumor and stromal cells. In this study, uPAR expression in both canine normal prostates and with proliferative disorders (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH, proliferative inflammatory atrophy-PIA, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-PIN, and carcinoma-PC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) slide to establish the role of this enzyme in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and in the processes of tissue invasion. A total of 298 cores and 355 diagnoses were obtained, with 36 (10.1%) normal prostates, 46 (13.0%) with BPH, 128 (36.1%) with PIA, 74 (20.8%) with PIN and 71 (20.0%) with PC. There is variation in the expression of uPAR in canine prostate according to the lesion, with lower expression in normal tissue and with BPH, and higher expression in tissue with PIA, PIN and PC. The high expression of uPAR in inflammatory and neoplastic microenvironment indicates increased proteolytic activity in canine prostates with PIA, PIN, and PC.(AU)

Lesões prostáticas como a neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e a atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) são estudadas na espécie humana e canina devido ao seu potencial de malignidade. O sistema de ativador de plasminogênio (PA) tem sido sugerido como um importante mecanismo na adesão celular, angiogênese, inflamação e invasão tumoral. O receptor ativador de plasminogênio do tipo uroquinase (uPAR) é um componente do PA, expresso em células tumorais e estromais. Avaliou-se, por imunoistoquímica em lâmina de microarranjo tecidual (TMA), a expressão de uPAR no tecido prostático canino normal e com desordens proliferativas (hiperplasia prostática benigna-HPB, atrofia inflamatória proliferativa-PIA, neoplasia epitelial prostática-PIN e carcinoma-CP), com o objetivo de verificar o papel desta enzima na remodelação de matriz extracelular (ECM) e no processo de invasão tecidual. Foram obtidos 298 cores e 355 diagnósticos, sendo 36 (10,1%) próstatas normais, 46 (13,0%) com HPB, 128 (36,1%) com PIA, 74 (20,8%) com PIN e 71 (20,0%) com CP. Há variação na expressão de uPAR na próstata canina de acordo com a lesão, com menor expressão nas glândulas normais e com HPB, e maior naquelas com lesões displásicas e (PIA e PIN) e neoplásicas (CP). A superexpressão de uPAR nos microambientes inflamatório e neoplásico indica aumento da atividade proteolítica em próstatas caninas com PIA, PIN e CP.(AU)

uPAR expression in canine normal prostate and with proliferative disorders / Expressão de uPAR na próstata canina normal e com lesões proliferativas

Prostatic lesions such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) are studied in human and canine species due to their malignance potential. The plasminogen activator (PA) system has been suggested to play a central role in cell adhesion, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor invasion. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is a component of the PA, with a range of expression in tumor and stromal cells. In this study, uPAR expression in both canine normal prostates and with proliferative disorders (benign prostatic hyperplasia-BPH, proliferative inflammatory atrophy-PIA, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia-PIN, and carcinoma-PC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) slide to establish the role of this enzyme in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and in the processes of tissue invasion. A total of 298 cores and 355 diagnoses were obtained, with 36 (10.1%) normal prostates, 46 (13.0%) with BPH, 128 (36.1%) with PIA, 74 (20.8%) with PIN and 71 (20.0%) with PC. There is variation in the expression of uPAR in canine prostate according to the lesion, with lower expression in normal tissue and with BPH, and higher expression in tissue with PIA, PIN and PC. The high expression of uPAR in inflammatory and neoplastic microenvironment indicates increased proteolytic activity in canine prostates with PIA, PIN, and PC.

Lesões prostáticas como a neoplasia intraepitelial prostática (PIN) e a atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) são estudadas na espécie humana e canina devido ao seu potencial de malignidade. O sistema de ativador de plasminogênio (PA) tem sido sugerido como um importante mecanismo na adesão celular, angiogênese, inflamação e invasão tumoral. O receptor ativador de plasminogênio do tipo uroquinase (uPAR) é um componente do PA, expresso em células tumorais e estromais. Avaliou-se, por imunoistoquímica em lâmina de microarranjo tecidual (TMA), a expressão de uPAR no tecido prostático canino normal e com desordens proliferativas (hiperplasia prostática benigna-HPB, atrofia inflamatória proliferativa-PIA, neoplasia epitelial prostática-PIN e carcinoma-CP), com o objetivo de verificar o papel desta enzima na remodelação de matriz extracelular (ECM) e no processo de invasão tecidual. Foram obtidos 298 cores e 355 diagnósticos, sendo 36 (10,1%) próstatas normais, 46 (13,0%) com HPB, 128 (36,1%) com PIA, 74 (20,8%) com PIN e 71 (20,0%) com CP. Há variação na expressão de uPAR na próstata canina de acordo com a lesão, com menor expressão nas glândulas normais e com HPB, e maior naquelas com lesões displásicas e (PIA e PIN) e neoplásicas (CP). A superexpressão de uPAR nos microambientes inflamatório e neoplásico indica aumento da atividade proteolítica em próstatas caninas com PIA, PIN e CP.

Caracterização histomorfológica da atrofia inflamatória proliferativa na próstata canina / Histomorphological characterization of proliferative inflammatory atrophy in canine prostate

A atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) é uma lesão prostática pré-maligna de grande ocorrência na próstata humana e, mais recentemente, também observada em cães. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar os aspectos histomorfológicos da PIA na próstata canina. Foram utilizadas 43 próstatas de cães adultos, de várias raças e portes, e com histórico ou não de doença prostática. Os focos de PIA apresentaram epitélio displásico, formado por ácinos atróficos e com mais de uma camada de células de morfologia atípica, especialmente anisocitose, anisocariose, citoplasma reduzido, núcleo volumoso e com nucléolo evidente. As alterações epiteliais eram sempre acompanhadas de infiltrado inflamatório intersticial periacinar predominantemente linfocitário. Foi observado um índice de 65 por cento de PIA. Destes, 39 por cento corresponderam à PIA com infiltrado inflamatório discreto, 42 por cento à PIA com infiltrado moderado e 19 por cento à PIA com infiltrado acentuado. Dessa forma, foi possível caracterizar a PIA prostática canina e constatar alta ocorrência dessa alteração nos cães examinados. Considera-se de grande importância a caracterização histomorfológica da PIA em cães, já que essa lesão vem sendo estudada na próstata humana quanto ao potencial pré-maligno. Ressalta-se ainda a possibilidade de utilização da próstata do cão como modelo experimental da PIA humana, considerando a semelhança dessa afecção prostática em ambas as espécies.

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) is a premalignant prostatic change with high occurrence in human prostate and it has been recently observed in dogs. This research aimed to verify the morphologic aspects of the PIA in canine prostate. It was studied 43 glands of adult dogs of several breeds and sizes and with or without a history of prostatic disease. PIA focus was characterized by dysplastic epithelium, atrophic acini formed by several layers of cells with variable degrees of anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, reduced amount of cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The epithelial changes were always accompanied by periacinar interstitial infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells, especially lymphocytes. The histomorphological evaluation showed occurrence of 65 percent of PIA. Out of these, 39 percent were PIA with discrete inflammatory infiltration, 42 percent PIA with moderate infiltrate and 19 percent PIA with marked infiltration. Thus, it was possible to characterize the PIA in the canine prostate which had high occurrence. The histomorphological characterization of canine PIA is considered of great importance because the premalignant characteristic of it have been studied in human prostate. The canine prostate can be used as an experimental model of human PIA, because the lesion is similar in both species.

Caracterização histomorfológica da atrofia inflamatória proliferativa na próstata canina

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) is a premalignant prostatic change with high occurrence in human prostate and it has been recently observed in dogs. This research aimed to verify the morphologic aspects of the PIA in canine prostate. It was studied 43 glands of adult dogs of several breeds and sizes and with or without a history of prostatic disease. PIA focus was characterized by dysplastic epithelium, atrophic acini formed by several layers of cells with variable degrees of anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, reduced amount of cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The epithelial changes were always accompanied by periacinar interstitial infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells, especially lymphocytes. The histomorphological evaluation showed occurrence of 65% of PIA. Out of these, 39% were PIA with discrete inflammatory infiltration, 42% PIA with moderate infiltrate and 19% PIA with marked infiltration. Thus, it was possible to characterize the PIA in the canine prostate which had high occurrence. The histomorphological characterization of canine PIA is considered of great importance because the premalignant characteristic of it have been studied in human prostate. The canine prostate can be used as an experimental model of human PIA, because the lesion is similar in both species.

A atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) é uma lesão prostática pré-maligna de grande ocorrência na próstata humana e, mais recentemente, também observada em cães. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar os aspectos histomorfológicos da PIA na próstata canina. Foram utilizadas 43 próstatas de cães adultos, de várias raças e portes, e com histórico ou não de doença prostática. Os focos de PIA apresentaram epitélio displásico, formado por ácinos atróficos e com mais de uma camada de células de morfologia atípica, especialmente anisocitose, anisocariose, citoplasma reduzido, núcleo volumoso e com nucléolo evidente. As alterações epiteliais eram sempre acompanhadas de infiltrado inflamatório intersticial periacinar predominantemente linfocitário. Foi observado um índice de 65% de PIA. Destes, 39% corresponderam à PIA com infiltrado inflamatório discreto, 42% à PIA com infiltrado moderado e 19% à PIA com infiltrado acentuado. Dessa forma, foi possível caracterizar a PIA prostática canina e constatar alta ocorrência dessa alteração nos cães examinados. Considera-se de grande importância a caracterização histomorfológica da PIA em cães, já que essa lesão vem sendo estudada na próstata humana quanto ao potencial pré-maligno. Ressalta-se ainda a possibilidade de utilização da próstata do cão como modelo experimental da PIA humana, considerando a semelhança dessa afecção prostática em ambas as espécies.

Caracterização histomorfológica da atrofia inflamatória proliferativa na próstata canina

Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) is a premalignant prostatic change with high occurrence in human prostate and it has been recently observed in dogs. This research aimed to verify the morphologic aspects of the PIA in canine prostate. It was studied 43 glands of adult dogs of several breeds and sizes and with or without a history of prostatic disease. PIA focus was characterized by dysplastic epithelium, atrophic acini formed by several layers of cells with variable degrees of anisocytosis, anisokaryosis, reduced amount of cytoplasm and nuclei with prominent nucleoli. The epithelial changes were always accompanied by periacinar interstitial infiltrate composed of mononuclear cells, especially lymphocytes. The histomorphological evaluation showed occurrence of 65% of PIA. Out of these, 39% were PIA with discrete inflammatory infiltration, 42% PIA with moderate infiltrate and 19% PIA with marked infiltration. Thus, it was possible to characterize the PIA in the canine prostate which had high occurrence. The histomorphological characterization of canine PIA is considered of great importance because the premalignant characteristic of it have been studied in human prostate. The canine prostate can be used as an experimental model of human PIA, because the lesion is similar in both species.

A atrofia inflamatória proliferativa (PIA) é uma lesão prostática pré-maligna de grande ocorrência na próstata humana e, mais recentemente, também observada em cães. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo verificar os aspectos histomorfológicos da PIA na próstata canina. Foram utilizadas 43 próstatas de cães adultos, de várias raças e portes, e com histórico ou não de doença prostática. Os focos de PIA apresentaram epitélio displásico, formado por ácinos atróficos e com mais de uma camada de células de morfologia atípica, especialmente anisocitose, anisocariose, citoplasma reduzido, núcleo volumoso e com nucléolo evidente. As alterações epiteliais eram sempre acompanhadas de infiltrado inflamatório intersticial periacinar predominantemente linfocitário. Foi observado um índice de 65% de PIA. Destes, 39% corresponderam à PIA com infiltrado inflamatório discreto, 42% à PIA com infiltrado moderado e 19% à PIA com infiltrado acentuado. Dessa forma, foi possível caracterizar a PIA prostática canina e constatar alta ocorrência dessa alteração nos cães examinados. Considera-se de grande importância a caracterização histomorfológica da PIA em cães, já que essa lesão vem sendo estudada na próstata humana quanto ao potencial pré-maligno. Ressalta-se ainda a possibilidade de utilização da próstata do cão como modelo experimental da PIA humana, considerando a semelhança dessa afecção prostática em ambas as espécies.

Parasitas in tilapia of nile in fresh water net-tank system / Parasitas em tilápias-do-nilo criadas em sistema de tanques-rede

Tilapia fish are native from Africa which, due to their optimum characteristics, such as genetic plasticity, rusticity, commercial easiness, amongst others, should be included as the most important species of fish commercially bred. It can be bred in earth pounds with low water renovation or systems such as raceways and net-tanks, which present a high water renovation. A variety of parasitic agents can cause problems in tilapia breeds, none of them seeming to be specific to these fish. Filo Ciliophora protozoa such as Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Ambiphyra sp.,Apiosoma sp., as well as monogeneans can cause problems in tilapia breeding. Among the protozoan, the Trichodina sp and the I. multifilis are of great importance, mainly in severe infections when the environment is favourable for their reproduction, causing despoilment in the gill epithelium and skin of fish, predisposing it to respiratory problems and secondary infections. Monogeneans can also bring serious problems mainly in tilapia alevins raised in super-intensive systems. Eutrophized environments with excessive organic matter are favorable for the maintenance and reproduction of these parasite as well as the protozoa. Severe monogenean infection can cause harm to the animals because of its particular mode of fixing itself on the host through hooks and anchors, causing reactions of the host that can be

A tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) é um peixe nativo da África e devido às suas características, tais como, plasticidade genética, rusticidade, facilidade de comercialização entre outras, deva ser incluída como uma importante espécie criada comercialmente. A criação de tilápias-do-Nilo pode ser realizada em viveiros de terra com baixa renovação de água ou sistemas do tipo “raceways” e tanques-rede, os quais apresentam uma alta renovação de água. Uma série de agentes parasitários podem causar problemas em criações de tilápias, sendo que nenhum deles parece ser específico para estes peixes. Protozoários do filo Ciliophora como Trichodina sp., Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Ambiphyra sp., Apiosoma sp., além de monogenóideos podem causar problemas em criações desta espécie. Dentre os protozoários, os do gênero Trichodina sp. e o I. multifilis são de grande importância, principalmente em intensas infestações quando o ambiente se encontra favorável para sua reprodução podendo, assim, causar espoliações junto às brânquias e pele dos animais, predispondo-os a problemas respiratórios e infecções secundárias. Os monogenóideos também podem trazer graves problemas, principalmente em alevinos de tilápias criados em sistemas super-intensivos. Ambientes eutrofizados, com excesso de matéria orgânica, são favoráveis para manutençÃ