Effects of a mixed additive based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on broilers exposed to aflatoxin B1 by contaminated feed.

The objective of the present study was to explore the influence of dietary supplementation with a mixed additive (MA) containing a probiotic and anti-mycotoxin (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007) and its interaction on the performance and health (biochemistry and liver/intestine histopathology) of broilers fed diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) at 506000±22.1ng/kg. The MA contained S. cerevisiae RC016 (1×107cells/g) and L. rhamnosus RC007 (1×108cells/g) in relation 1:1. A total of sixty-one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups with three replicates of 5 birds each for a five-week-old feeding experiment. The experimental diet for each treatment (T) was formulated as follows: T1, a commercial diet (CD); T2, CD+AFB1; T3, CD+0.1% MA; T4, CD+AFB1+0.1% MA. The MA improved (p<0.01) production parameters (weight gain, conversion rate, and carcass yield) and reduced (p<0.01) the toxic effect of AFB1 on the relative weight of the livers. In addition, the macro and microscopic alterations of livers and the possible intestinal injury related to histological damage in the presence of mycotoxin were reduced. The use of probiotic MA based on S. cerevisiae RC016 and L. rhamnosus RC007 in animal feed provides greater protection against mycotoxin contamination and is safe for use as a supplement in animal feed, providing beneficial effects that improve animal health and productivity. This is of great importance at the economic level for the avian production system.

How to use echocardiography to manage patients with shock? / ¿Cuál es la utilidad de la ecocardiografía en el shock?

Echocardiography enables the intensivist to assess the patient with circulatory failure. It allows the clinician to identify rapidly the type and the cause of shock in order to develop an effective management strategy. Important characteristics in the setting of shock are that it is non-invasive and can be rapidly applied. Early and repeated echocardiography is a valuable tool for the management of shock in the intensive care unit. Competency in basic critical care echocardiography is now regarded as a mandatory part of critical care training with clear guidelines available. The majority of pathologies found in shocked patients are readily identified using basic level 2D and M-mode echocardiography. The four core types of shock (cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive, and septic) can readily be identified by echocardiography. Echocardiography can differentiate the different pathologies that may be the cause of each type of shock. More importantly, as a result of more complex and elderly patients, the shock may be multifactorial, such as a combination of cardiogenic and septic shock, which emphasises on the added value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in such population of patients. In this review we aimed to provide to clinicians a bedside strategy of the use of TTE parameters to manage patients with shock. In the first part of this overview, we detailed the different TTE parameters and how to use them to identify the type of shock. And in the second part, we focused on the use of these parameters to evaluate the effect of treatments, in different types of shock. (AU)

La ecocardiografía permite al intensivista valorar al paciente con fallo circulatorio agudo. Esta técnica ayuda a identificar, rápidamente y de una manera no invasiva, el tipo y la causa del shock para instaurar una estrategia terapéutica. La realización de exámenes ecocardiográficos precoces y repetidos es una valiosa herramienta para el manejo del shock en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La mayoría de patologías responsables del shock pueden ser identificadas con un nivel básico de ecocardiografía en 2D y modo M. En la actualidad, las competencias en ecocardiografía básica se consideran mandatorias en la formación de los profesionales de Medicina Intensiva. Los cuatro tipos básicos de shock (cardiogénico, hipovolémico, obstructivo y séptico) pueden ser adecuadamente identificados con la ecocardiografía. Además, la ecografía puede diferenciar las diferentes patologías que pueden ser la causa de cada uno de los tipos de shock. Es importante señalar que, dada la complejidad y la edad avanzada de muchos pacientes críticos, el shock puede ser multifactorial (p.ej.: combinación de shock séptico y cardiogénico), lo que enfatiza el valor añadido de la ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT) en esta población de pacientes. En esta revisión, queremos proporcionar a los clínicos una estrategia, a pie de cama, del uso de los parámetros obtenidos con la ETT para manejo de los pacientes en shock. En la primera parte de este artículo, se detallan los diferentes parámetros ecocardiográficos y cómo pueden utilizarse para identificar los tipos de shock. En la segunda parte, se expone el uso de estos parámetros para evaluar el efecto de los tratamientos en los diferentes tipos de shock. (AU)

Temporal dynamics of bacterial populations in recirculating aquaculture systems for sea urchin production / Dinámica temporal de poblaciones bacterianas en sistemas de recirculación para la producción acuícolas de erizo de mar

Abstract Introduction: Sea urchin aquaculture is a rising industry, and in consequence, there is a need to establish optimal culture parameters to ensure the health of the cultured animals. Objective: To evaluate the bacterial counts in the seawater of sea urchin (Arbacia dufresnii) aquaculture recirculating systems (RAS). Methods: The bacteriological water quality of two RAS containing sea urchins was determined. For approximately two months, weekly water samples were taken. The bacteriological quality was determined by counting total aerobic heterotrophic populations, lactic acid bacteria, enterobacterias and genus Vibrio. Physicochemical parameters were also measured. Results: There was no presence of disease or mortality. Enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria were not detected from both RAS systems. The number of animals had an important effect on the observed difference in the count of total bacteria and Vibrio spp. In RAS 1 the maximum counts of total bacteria and Vibrio spp. were 2.8 x 105 ± 1.7 x 105 and 1.45 x 105 ± 3.6 x 104 UFC ml-1, respectively. In RAS 2 total bacteria and Vibrio spp. exhibited repetitive behavior over time influenced in part by water exchange and mainly by feeding. The results indicate that periodic water changes ensure a limited growth of bacterial strains as Vibrio and other bacteria. Conclusions: Our results suggests that the bacterial count levels recorded in this study can be used as a threshold or safety limit for Arbacia dufresnii aquaculture.

Resumen Introducción: La acuicultura de erizos de mar es una industria en auge, y en consecuencia, existe la necesidad de establecer los parámetros de cultivo óptimos para garantizar la salud de los animales en cultivo. Objetivo: Evaluar los recuentos bacterianos en el agua de cultivo de los sistemas de recirculación acuícola (RAS) de erizo de mar Arbacia dufresnii. Métodos: Se determinó la calidad bacteriológica del agua de cultivo de dos RAS que contenían erizos de mar. Durante aproximadamente dos meses, se tomaron muestras de agua semanalmente. La calidad bacteriológica se determinó realizando recuento de las poblaciones heterótrofas aerobias totales, bacterias ácido lácticas, enterobacterias y bacterias del género Vibrio. También se midieron parámetros fisicoquímicos. Resultados: No se observaron patologías ni mortalidad. No se detectaron enterobacterias ni bacterias del ácido láctico en ninguno de los sistemas RAS. El número de animales cultivados tuvo un efecto importante en la diferencia observada en el recuento de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. En el RAS 1 los recuentos máximos de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. fueron 2.8 x 105 ± 1.7 x 105 y 1.45 x 105 ± 3.6 x 104 UFC ml-1, respectivamente. En RAS 2 los recuentos de bacterias totales y Vibrio spp. exhibieron un comportamiento repetitivo en el tiempo influenciado en parte por el recambio de agua y principalmente por la alimentación. Los resultados indican que los cambios periódicos de agua aseguran un crecimiento limitado de cepas bacterianas como Vibrio y otras bacterias. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que los niveles de recuento bacteriano registrados en este estudio pueden usarse como umbral o límite de seguridad para la acuicultura de Arbacia dufresnii.

Usefulness of extended inflammatory parameters related to neutrophil activation reported by Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzer for predicting complicated acute appendicitis. Comparison with canonical inflammatory laboratory tests.

AIM: Accurate diagnosis of complicated appendicitis is of importance to ensure that patients receive early and effective treatment, minimizing the risk of postoperative complications to promote successful recovery. Biochemical markers are a promising tool to identify complicated appendicitis. We aimed to evaluate the potential role of novel parameters related with neutrophil activation, known as "Extended Inflammation Parameters" (EIP), included in blood cell count reported by Sysmex XN-Series analyzers, compared to other canonical biomarkers in identifying complicated appendicitis. METHOD: Prospective observational study including patients with confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis. C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, cell blood count, including white blood cell (WBC), absolute neutrophil (ANC) and immature granulocyte (IG) count and EIP (neutrophil reactivity [NEUT-RI] and granularity intensity [NEUT-GI]) were analyzed before surgery. Their accuracy to diagnose complicated appendicitis was tested in an ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Our population study included 119 patients, and appendicitis was complicated in 58 (48.7%). NLR, CRP and procalcitonin levels, ANC and IG count and NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI were higher in patients with complicated appendicitis. Regarding accuracy for complicated appendicitis, CRP was the biomarker with the highest performance (ROC AUC: 0.829), with an optimal cutoff of 73.1 mg/L (sensitivity: 63.8%, specificity: 88.5%). NEUT-RI and NEUT-GI achieved both significant but poor accuracy, with ROC AUC of 0.606 and 0.637, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Novel laboratory tests reported by Sysmex XN-Series analyzers have poor accuracy for identifying complicated appendicitis. In this study, CRP was the biomarker with the highest performance and may be useful as predictor of the severity of acute appendicitis.

Variación de la impedancia eléctrica a lo largo de cinco años postimplantación y relación con el umbral de confort máximo (MCL) en adultos portadores de implante coclear / Variation of electrical impedance over 5 years post-implantation and relationship with the maximum comfort level (MCL) in adults with cochlear implants

Introducción El umbral de confort máximo o maximum comfort level (MCL), umbral eléctrico o threshold level (THR) e impedancia eléctrica cambian en el postoperatorio del implante coclear durante meses hasta estabilizarse. El objetivo de este artículo es establecer la variación durante cinco años posquirúrgicos de la impedancia, y su relación con MCL en adultos implantados unilateralmente. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo a cinco años, con 78 pacientes adultos implantados con MED-EL en un hospital terciario desde el año 2000 hasta 2015. Se analizó la variación de impedancia, MCL y relación entre ellos, en electrodos basales (9-12), medios (5-8) y apicales (1-4), realizando análisis inferencial ANOVA de medidas repetidas con comparaciones entre tiempos consecutivos, corregidas con criterio Bonferroni. Resultados Treinta y tres hombres (42,3%) y 45 mujeres (57,7%), con edad media 52,7 ± 14,6 años. Se consideró «estabilidad» el momento del seguimiento sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre una visita y la siguiente. Los cambios en la impedancia en electrodos medios dejaron de ser estadísticamente significativos a los tres meses, y en apicales a los seis meses, con valores medios de 5,84 y 6,43 kohms. MCL se estabilizó a los dos años en electrodos basales y apicales, y a los tres años en medios, con valores medios de 24,9, 22,7 y 25,6 qu. Hubo correlación entre MCL e impedancia en electrodos medios hasta 3 meses y en apicales hasta un año. Conclusiones La impedancia eléctrica desciende significativamente en electrodos medios y apicales hasta tres y seis meses. El MCL aumenta significativamente hasta dos años. La impedancia se relaciona con MCL hasta seis meses. (AU)

Introduction The maximum comfort level (MCL), threshold level (THR) and electrical impedance change in the postoperative period of the cochlear implant for months until they stabilize. The objective of this article is to establish the variation during 5 post-surgical years of impedance, and its relationship with MCL in unilaterally implanted adults. Methods Retrospective study over 5 years, with 78 adult patients implanted with MED-EL in a tertiary hospital from the year 2000 to 2015. The variation in impedance, MCL and the relationship between them were analyzed in basal (9-12), medial (5-8) and apical electrodes (1-4), performing an inferential ANOVA analysis of repeated measures with comparisons between consecutive times, corrected with Bonferroni criteria. Results 33 men (42.3%) and 45 women (57.7%), with a mean age of 52.7 ± 14.6 years. “Stability” was considered the time of follow-up without statistically significant differences between one visit and the next. Changes in impedance in medial electrodes ceased to be statistically significant at 3 months, and in apicals at 6 months, with mean values of 5.84 and 6.43 kohms. MCL stabilized at 2 years in basal and apical electrodes, and at 3 years in medial, with mean values of 24.9, 22.7, and 25.6 qu. There was a correlation between MCL and impedance in medium electrodes up to 3 months and in apical ones up to one year. Conclusions Electrical impedance drops significantly in medial and apical electrodes up to 3 and 6 months. MCL increases significantly up to two years. Impedance is related to MCL up to 6 months. (AU)

Physical Fitness Parameters of Elite Chinese Wheelchair Curlers / Parámetros de Aptitud Física de Curlers en Silla de Ruedas Chinos de Élite

SUMMARY: Few international studies have analyzed the characteristics of elite wheelchair curlers competing on the international stage. This study aims to investigate the physical fitness parameters of elite Chinese wheelchair curlers and explore the corresponding training enlightenment. Sixteen wheelchair curlers from the Chinese national team, including six male and two female Winter Paralympic gold medalists, were selected as research participants. The following parameters were measured: age, training age, height, weight, body fat percentage, grip strength, absolute bench press strength, and 5-km wheelchair push-timing test. Compared with ordinary curlers of the Chinese wheelchair curling team, elite curlers were older in age and training age; male curlers were shorter, whereas female curlers were taller. However, their weight and body fat percentage were lower, and their grip strength, absolute strength in the bench press, and 5-k wheelchair push-timing test were better. From an athlete development and physical training perspective, wheelchair curlers should increase training years in order to accumulate competition experience. Additionally, these athletes should manage their body weight and fat percentage, and improve their upper limb strength and aerobic capacity.

Pocos estudios internacionales han analizado las características de los curlers en silla de ruedas de élite que compiten en el escenario internacional. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los parámetros de aptitud física de los bigudíes chinos en silla de ruedas de élite y explorar la iluminación del entrenamiento correspondiente. Se seleccionaron como participantes de la investigación dieciséis curlers en silla de ruedas del equipo nacional chino, incluidos seis medallistas de oro masculinos y dos femeninos de los Juegos Paralímpicos de Invierno. Se midieron los siguientes parámetros: edad, edad de entrenamiento, altura, peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, fuerza de agarre, fuerza absoluta en press de banca y prueba de sincronización de empuje en silla de ruedas de 5 km. En comparación con los curlers ordinarios del equipo chino de curling en silla de ruedas, los curlers de élite eran mayores en edad y tiempo de entrenamiento; Los curlers masculinos eran más bajos, mientras que las mujeres eran más altas. Sin embargo, su peso y porcentaje de grasa corporal fueron menores, y su fuerza de agarre, fuerza absoluta en press de banca y prueba de sincronización de empuje en silla de ruedas de 5-k fueron mejores. Desde la perspectiva del desarrollo del atleta y del entrenamiento físico, los curlers en silla de ruedas deberían aumentar los años de entrenamiento para acumular experiencia en competencia. Además, estos deportistas deben controlar su peso corporal y porcentaje de grasa, y mejorar la fuerza de sus miembros superiores y su capacidad aeróbica.

Variation of electrical impedance over 5 years post-implantation and relationship with the maximum comfort level (MCL) in adults with cochlear implants.

INTRODUCTION: The maximum comfort level (MCL), threshold level (THR) and electrical impedance change in the postoperative period of the cochlear implant for months until they stabilize. The objective of this article is to establish the variation during 5 post-surgical years of impedance, and its relationship with MCL in unilaterally implanted adults. METHODS: Retrospective study over 5 years, with 78 adult patients implanted with MED-EL in a tertiary hospital from the year 2000 to 2015. The variation in impedance, MCL and the relationship between them were analyzed in basal (9-12), medial (5-8) and apical electrodes (1-4), performing an inferential ANOVA analysis of repeated measures with comparisons between consecutive times, corrected with Bonferroni criteria. RESULTS: 33 men (42.3%) and 45 women (57.7%), with a mean age of 52.7±14.6 years. "Stability" was considered the time of follow-up without statistically significant differences between one visit and the next. Changes in impedance in medial electrodes ceased to be statistically significant at 3 months, and in apicals at 6 months, with mean values of 5.84 and 6.43kΩ. MCL stabilized at 2 years in basal and apical electrodes, and at 3 years in medial, with mean values of 24.9, 22.7, and 25.6qu. There was a correlation between MCL and impedance in medium electrodes up to 3 months and in apical ones up to one year. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical impedance drops significantly in medial and apical electrodes up to 3 and 6 months. MCL increases significantly up to two years. Impedance is related to MCL up to 6 months.

Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L. ) for potential quality improvement / Análise de capacidade de combinação em cabaça-amarga (Momordica charantia L. ) para melhoria potencial da qualidade

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract on Earias vittella, Fabricius, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): environment sustainable approach / Eficácia do extrato de semente de Citrullus colocynthis em Earias vittella Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): abordagem ambiental sustentável

Abstract Earias vittellaFabricius, 1794 (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is deliberated to be one of the most destructive pests of cotton and okra vegetation in the world including Asia. The pest has established resistance to various synthetic insecticides. The use of bio-pesticide is one of the unconventional approaches to develop a vigorous ecosystem without harming non- target pests and beneficial natural insect fauna. In the present study, the toxicity levels of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract have been evaluated against the populations of E. vittellaunder standardized laboratory conditions. The toxic effects of C. colocynthis on development periods, protein contents and esterase activity of the life stages of E. vittella were also evaluated. The toxicity levels of methanol, ethanol, hexane, water and profenofos were evaluated on the 1st instar larvae of E. vittella. LC30 and LC80 concentrations exhibited the effectiveness of methanol-based C. colocynthis seed extract against 1st instar larvae of E. vitella. The enhanced larval and pupal periods were revealed in treated samples during the comparison with untreated samples. The intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate in the LC30 and LC80 concentrations exposed larvae remained less than the control treatment. Fecundity, the esterase activity and protein contents were declined in LC30 and LC80 treated samples as compared to the control. The present findings suggest that C. colosynthis extracts based botanical insecticides are beneficial, ecosystem sustainable and can be integrated with insect management programs from environment safety perspective.

Resumo Earias vittella Fabricius, 1794 (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) é considerada uma das pragas mais destrutivas de algodão e quiabo no mundo, incluindo a Ásia. Essa praga estabeleceu resistência a vários inseticidas sintéticos. O uso de biopesticidas é uma das abordagens não convencionais para desenvolver um ecossistema saudável sem prejudicar as pragas não alvo e a fauna natural benéfica de insetos. No presente estudo, os níveis de toxicidade do extrato de semente de Citrullus colocynthis foram avaliados nas populações de E. vittella em condições de laboratório padronizadas. Os efeitos tóxicos de C. colocynthis nos períodos de desenvolvimento, conteúdo de proteína e atividade esterase das fases de vida de E. vittella também foram avaliados. Os níveis de toxicidade de metanol, etanol, hexano, água e profenofós foram avaliados em larvas de 1º instar de E. vittella. As concentrações de LC30 e LC80 apresentaram eficácia do extrato de sementes de C. colocynthis à base de metanol contra larvas de 1º instar de E. vittella. Os períodos larval e pupal aumentados foram revelados nas amostras tratadas durante a comparação com as amostras não tratadas. A taxa intrínseca de aumento e a taxa reprodutiva líquida nas concentrações de larvas expostas LC30 e LC80 permaneceram menores do que o tratamento controle. A fecundidade, a atividade da esterase e o conteúdo de proteína diminuíram nas amostras tratadas com LC30 e LC80 em comparação com o controle. As presentes descobertas sugerem que os extratos de C. colocynthis à base de inseticidas botânicos são benéficos, sustentáveis ​​para o ecossistema e podem ser integrados com programas de manejo de insetos do ponto de vista da segurança ambiental.

How to use echocardiography to manage patients with shock?

Echocardiography enables the intensivist to assess the patient with circulatory failure. It allows the clinician to identify rapidly the type and the cause of shock in order to develop an effective management strategy. Important characteristics in the setting of shock are that it is non-invasive and can be rapidly applied. Early and repeated echocardiography is a valuable tool for the management of shock in the intensive care unit. Competency in basic critical care echocardiography is now regarded as a mandatory part of critical care training with clear guidelines available. The majority of pathologies found in shocked patients are readily identified using basic level 2D and M-mode echocardiography. The four core types of shock (cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive, and septic) can readily be identified by echocardiography. Echocardiography can differentiate the different pathologies that may be the cause of each type of shock. More importantly, as a result of more complex and elderly patients, the shock may be multifactorial, such as a combination of cardiogenic and septic shock, which emphasises on the added value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in such population of patients. In this review we aimed to provide to clinicians a bedside strategy of the use of TTE parameters to manage patients with shock. In the first part of this overview, we detailed the different TTE parameters and how to use them to identify the type of shock. And in the second part, we focused on the use of these parameters to evaluate the effect of treatments, in different types of shock.

Combining ability analysis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) for potential quality improvement

Abstract Combining ability analysis provides useful information for the selection of parents, also information regarding the nature and magnitude of involved gene actions. Crops improvement involves strategies for enhancing yield potentiality and quality components. Targeting the improvement of respective characters in bitter gourd, combining ability and genetic parameters for 19 characters were estimated from a 6×6 full diallel analysis technique. The results revealed that the variances due to general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant for most of the important characters. It indicated the importance of both additive and non-additive gene actions. GCA variances were higher in magnitude than SCA variances for all the characters studied indicating the predominance of the additive gene effects in their inheritance. The parent P2 (BG 009) appeared as the best general combiner for earliness; P1 (BG 006) for number of fruits, average single fruit weight and fruit yield; P4 (BG 027) for node number of first female flower and days to seed fruit maturity; P3 (BG 011) for fruit length and thickness of the fruit flesh; P5 (BG 033) for 100-seed weight; and P6 for number of nodes per main vine. The SCA effect as well as reciprocal effect was also significant for most of the important characters in different crosses.

Resumo A análise da capacidade de combinação fornece informações úteis para a seleção dos pais, também informações sobre a natureza e a magnitude das ações dos genes envolvidos. A melhoria das safras envolve estratégias para aumentar a potencialidade da produção e os componentes de qualidade. Visando ao aprimoramento dos respectivos caracteres em cabaça-amarga, capacidade de combinação e parâmetros genéticos para 19 caracteres, foram estimados a partir de uma técnica de análise dialélica completa 6 × 6. Os resultados revelaram que as variâncias, devido à capacidade geral de combinação (GCA) e capacidade específica de combinação (SCA), foram altamente significativas para a maioria dos caracteres importantes. Indicou a importância das ações gênicas aditivas e não aditivas. As variâncias GCA foram maiores em magnitude do que as variâncias SCA para todos os caracteres estudados, indicando a predominância dos efeitos do gene aditivo em sua herança. O pai P2 (BG 009) apareceu como o melhor combinador geral para o início; P1 (BG 006) para número de frutos, peso médio de um único fruto e produção de frutos; P4 (BG 027) para número de nó da primeira flor fêmea e dias para a maturidade do fruto da semente; P3 (BG 011) para comprimento do fruto e espessura da polpa do fruto; P5 (BG 033) para peso de 100 sementes; e P6 para o número de nós por videira principal. O efeito SCA, bem como o efeito recíproco, também foi significativo para a maioria dos personagens importantes em cruzamentos diferentes.

Efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract on Earias vittella, Fabricius, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): environment sustainable approach

Abstract Earias vittellaFabricius, 1794 (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is deliberated to be one of the most destructive pests of cotton and okra vegetation in the world including Asia. The pest has established resistance to various synthetic insecticides. The use of bio-pesticide is one of the unconventional approaches to develop a vigorous ecosystem without harming non- target pests and beneficial natural insect fauna. In the present study, the toxicity levels of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract have been evaluated against the populations of E. vittellaunder standardized laboratory conditions. The toxic effects of C. colocynthis on development periods, protein contents and esterase activity of the life stages of E. vittella were also evaluated. The toxicity levels of methanol, ethanol, hexane, water and profenofos were evaluated on the 1st instar larvae of E. vittella. LC30 and LC80 concentrations exhibited the effectiveness of methanol-based C. colocynthis seed extract against 1st instar larvae of E. vitella. The enhanced larval and pupal periods were revealed in treated samples during the comparison with untreated samples. The intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate in the LC30 and LC80 concentrations exposed larvae remained less than the control treatment. Fecundity, the esterase activity and protein contents were declined in LC30 and LC80 treated samples as compared to the control. The present findings suggest that C. colosynthis extracts based botanical insecticides are beneficial, ecosystem sustainable and can be integrated with insect management programs from environment safety perspective.

Resumo Earias vittella Fabricius, 1794 (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) é considerada uma das pragas mais destrutivas de algodão e quiabo no mundo, incluindo a Ásia. Essa praga estabeleceu resistência a vários inseticidas sintéticos. O uso de biopesticidas é uma das abordagens não convencionais para desenvolver um ecossistema saudável sem prejudicar as pragas não alvo e a fauna natural benéfica de insetos. No presente estudo, os níveis de toxicidade do extrato de semente de Citrullus colocynthis foram avaliados nas populações de E. vittella em condições de laboratório padronizadas. Os efeitos tóxicos de C. colocynthis nos períodos de desenvolvimento, conteúdo de proteína e atividade esterase das fases de vida de E. vittella também foram avaliados. Os níveis de toxicidade de metanol, etanol, hexano, água e profenofós foram avaliados em larvas de 1º instar de E. vittella. As concentrações de LC30 e LC80 apresentaram eficácia do extrato de sementes de C. colocynthis à base de metanol contra larvas de 1º instar de E. vittella. Os períodos larval e pupal aumentados foram revelados nas amostras tratadas durante a comparação com as amostras não tratadas. A taxa intrínseca de aumento e a taxa reprodutiva líquida nas concentrações de larvas expostas LC30 e LC80 permaneceram menores do que o tratamento controle. A fecundidade, a atividade da esterase e o conteúdo de proteína diminuíram nas amostras tratadas com LC30 e LC80 em comparação com o controle. As presentes descobertas sugerem que os extratos de C. colocynthis à base de inseticidas botânicos são benéficos, sustentáveis para o ecossistema e podem ser integrados com programas de manejo de insetos do ponto de vista da segurança ambiental.

Casos de COVID-19 en relación con parámetros ambientales en cinco departamentos de la provincia de Catamarca, Argentina / Cases of COVID-19 in relation to environmental parameters in five departments of Catamarca province, Argentina

Resumen Introducción : El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la relación entre el número de casos positivos de CO VID-19 y los parámetros ambientales de temperatura y humedad en cinco departamentos de la provincia de Catamarca. Métodos : Los departamentos estudiados fueron Ca pital, Andalgalá, Paclín, Ambato y Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina. Las variables número de casos COVID-19, temperatura y porcentaje de humedad ambiental fueron obtenidos entre abril de 2021 y abril de 2022. La corre lación de variables se analizó mediante el coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados : La temperatura, en relación con los nú meros de casos por COVID-19 mostró valores de co rrelación inversa que oscilaron entre -0.56 y -0.34. El porcentaje de humedad, indicó una relación levemente positiva con el número de casos solo para Capital y Andalgalá con valores de 0.34 y 0.40. Conclusión : Los resultados muestran una relación entre el número de casos positivos de COVID-19 y los parámetros ambientales de temperatura y hu medad en cinco departamentos de la provincia de Catamarca.

Abstract Introduction : The aim of the study was to investi gate the relationship between the number of positive cases of COVID-19 and the environmental parameters of temperature and humidity in five departments of the province of Catamarca, Argentina. Methods : The departments Capital, Andalgalá, Paclín, Ambato and Tinogasta, Catamarca, Argentina, were stud ied. Between April 2021 and April 2022 variables analyzed were: number of COVID-19 cases, temperature, and per centage of environmental humidity. The correlation of variables was analyzed by the coefficient of Spearman. Results : The temperature with the numbers of CO VID-19 cases show inverse correlation values that ranged between -0.56 and -0.34. The humidity percentages show a slightly positive relationship only for Capital and Andal galá, with values of 0.34 and 0.40 with the number of cases. Conclusion : The results showed a relationship be tween the number of positive cases of COVID-19 and the environmental parameters of temperature and humidity in five departments in the province of Catamarca.

Efectos de la lecitina de soya en parámetros hematológicos y marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos de ratas

Introducción: El estudio de los efectos farmacológicos preclínicos de la lecitina de soya sobre parámetros hematológicos y marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos, contribuirá a sustentar las bases de su posible empleo como medicamento natural. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la lecitina de soya sobre parámetros hematológicos y marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos de ratas Wistar. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de farmacología preclínica experimental, en el que se administró lecitina de soya en dosis máximas y mínimas a dos grupos experimentales de ratas Wistar. Se estimaron variables hematológicas para ser comparadas con el grupo control, se determinó recuento diferencial y el conteo global de leucocitos según fórmula avanzada como indicativo indirecto de inmunocompetencia. Se calcularon como marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos la relación neutrófilos-linfocitos (N/LR) y la relación plaquetas-linfocitos (P/LR). La existencia de diferencias de medianas y rangos de las diferentes variables entre los grupos se reveló mediante la Prueba de Kruskal-Wallis de muestras independientes con nivel de significancia de p <0.05. Resultados: Se observó leucopenia, aumento del recuento plaquetario y alteraciones de índices relacionados con la inflamación y la inmunidad en ambos grupos experimentales, relacionado con la dosis. La N/LR y P/LR se incrementaron de manera proporcional con la dosis y el índice de inmunidad e inflamación sistémica se incrementa con dosis mínima y tiende a decrecer con dosis máxima. Conclusiones: El producto modifica parámetros hematológicos en ratas, pero se requieren otros estudios controlados que corroboren el estado de inmunocompetencia, tomando en consideración lo que expresan los marcadores inflamatorios sistémicos.

Introduction: The study of the preclinical pharmacological effects of soy lecithin on hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory markers, will contribute to support the foundations of its possible use as a natural medication. Objective: To determine the effects of soy lecithin on hematological parameters and systemic inflammatory markers of Wistar rats. Methods: An experimental preclinical pharmacology study was conducted, in which soy lecithin was administered in maximum and minimum doses of two experimental Wistar rats. Hematological variables were estimated to be compared to the control group, differential counting and global leukocyte count according to advanced formula as an indirect indicative of immunocompetence was determined. The neutrophil-linfocyte (N/LR) and the platelet-linfocyte ratio (P/LR) were calculated as systemic inflammatory markers. The existence of medium and ranges differences of the different variables between the groups was revealed by the Kruskal-Wallis test of independent samples with a level of significance of p<0.05. Results: Leukopenia, increased platelet count and alterations of inflammation related to inflammation and immunity dose-related were observed in both experimental groups. The N/LR and P/LR were proportionally increased with the dose and the system of systemic immunity and inflammation is increased with minimal dose and tends to decrease with maximum dose. Conclusions: The product modifies hematological parameters in rats, but other controlled studies are required that corroborate the state of immunocompetence, taking into consideration what systemic inflammatory markers express.

Sindrome de burnout, estado nutricional y conducta alimentaria en trabajadores de la salud / Burnout syndrome, nutritional status and eating behavior in health workers

Introducción: El síndrome de Burnout o agotamiento profesional aparece como una respuesta al estrés crónico en eltrabajo, con secuelas negativas a nivel individual y general. Objetivo: Determinar la presencia del síndrome de bur-nout, estado nutricional y conducta alimentaria en los traba-jadores de la salud. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y observacional. Para identificar la presencia del síndrome de Burnout se aplicó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory.La evaluación del estado nutricional se realizó por medio dela toma de datos antropométricos y la conducta alimentaria se identificó con el cuestionario semi-cuantitativo de frecuen-cia de consumo de alimentos. Resultados: La muestra de investigación estuvo constituida por 142 mujeres y 91 varones que representaron el60,9% y 39,1% respectivamente. La conducta alimentaria secaracterizó por un consumo insuficiente de lácteos, hortalizas,frutas, carnes, panes y cereales. Con respecto a las caracte-rísticas antropométricas relacionadas al estado nutricional seencontró que el mayor porcentaje de investigados presentanuna prevalencia de exceso de peso del 78% y un riesgo car-diovascular del 91%. En las 3 subescalas que valora la pre-sencia del síndrome de burnout se pudo observar que tantoen los componentes de cansancio emocional y despersonali-zación son bajos, reflejando un 60,9% y 53,6% respectiva-mente. Mientras que la dimensión de realización personal esalta, evidenciando un 63,1%.Conclusiones: En la población de estudio no existen indicios de presencia de síndrome de burnout, sin embargo, un menor porcentaje de trabajadores de la salud presentan can-sancio emocional (19,3%), despersonalización (25,8%) ybaja realización personal (19,7%). Por lo cual se recomienda, buscar estrategias para reducir la carga administrativa y disminuir el nivel de agotamiento laboral en quienes lo padeceny prevenirlo en aquellos que presenten factores de riesgo (AU)

Introduction: Burnout syndrome or professional exhaustion appears as a response to chronic stress at work, withnegative consequences at an individual and general level. Objective: Determine the presence of burnout syndrome, nutritional status and eating behavior in health workers. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study. To identify the presence of Burnout syndrome, the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was applied. To assess the nutritional status, anthropometric datawere taken and eating behavior was identified with the semi-quantitative questionnaire on frequency of food consumption. Results: The research sample consisted of 142 womenand 91 men who represented 60.9% and 39.1% respectively. The eating behavior was characterized by an insufficient con-sumption of dairy products, vegetables, fruits, meats, breadsand cereals. Regarding the anthropometric characteristics re-lated to nutritional status, it was found that the highest per-centage of those investigated had a prevalence of excessweight of 78% and a cardiovascular risk of 91%. In the 3 sub-scales that assess the presence of burnout syndrome, it wasobserved that both the emotional exhaustion and deperson-alization components are low, reflecting 60.9% and 53.6%respectively. While the dimension of personal fulfillment ishigh, evidencing 63.1%.Conclusions: In the study population there are no indica-tions of the presence of burnout syndrome, however, a lowerpercentage of health workers present emotional exhaustion(19.3%), depersonalization (25.8%) and low personal fulfillment (19.7%). Therefore, it is recommended to seek strategies to reduce the administrative burden and reduce the levelof job burnout in those who suffer from it and prevent it inthose who present risk factors (AU)

Reasignación vocal: relación entre autopercepción de la voz, parámetros acústicos y función vocal en mujeres trans / Vocal reassignment: Relationship between voice self-perception, acoustic parameters and vocal function in trans women

Objetivo: Determinar aspectos anatómicos, acústicos y socioemocionales de la voz en mujeres trans.Método: Corresponde a una investigación de tipo cuantitativa con diseño observacional, análisis descriptivo de tipo transversal retrospectivo, en el que participan 10 mujeres trans que forman parte del programa de género del HSJD. Resultados: Destaca el inicio tardío del proceso de evaluación médica, terapia hormonal y acompañamiento multidisciplinario durante la transición de género. La mayor parte de las participantes perciben su voz dentro de rangos masculinos o neutros. Según los datos obtenidos en este estudio con relación a los parámetros acústicos, todas las participantes se encuentran dentro de rangos normales en la medida de Jitter, sin embargo, 2 de ellas presentan alteración en Shimmer y NHR. Además, el 70% de las participantes presentan características de disfonía músculo tensional. Conclusión: Se debe mencionar que el acompañamiento fonoaudiológico, la valoración de la voz, el estudio anatómico y la posible intervención quirúrgica por parte del especialista otorrinolaringólogo/a, son un eje fundamental a considerar en el proceso de salud global de las personas trans.(AU)

Objective: To determine anatomical, acoustic and socio-emotional aspects of the voice in trans women. Method: It corresponds to a quantitative investigation with an observational design, descriptive analysis of a retrospective cross-sectional type, in which 10 trans women who are part of the gender program of the HSJD. Results: The late start of the process of medical evaluation, hormonal therapy and multidisciplinary accompaniment during the gender transition stands out. Most of the participants perceived their voice to be within the masculine or neutral ranges. According to the data obtained in this study in relation to the acoustic parameters, all the participants are within normal ranges in the Jitter measurement, however two of them present presentations in Shimmer and NHR. In addition, 70% of the participants presented characteristics of tension muscle dysphonia. Conclusion: It should be mentioned that speech therapy monitoring, voice assessment, anatomical study and possible surgical intervention by the otorhinolaryngologist specialist are a fundamental axis to consider in the global health process of trans people.(AU)

Fuerza muscular y parámetros espaciotemporales de la marcha en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson. Un estudio piloto / Muscle strength and spatiotemporal gait parameters in people with Parkinson´s disease. A pilot study

Introducción: La debilidad muscular en personas con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) ha sido frecuentemente reconocida como un síntoma inespecífico. En otras patologías neurológicas, la debilidad de las extremidades inferiores, específicamente la debilidad de los cuádriceps, es el factor que causa mayor incapacidad para caminar. Pocas investigaciones han evaluado la relación entre la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores, utilizando herramientas objetivas en personas con EP y el desempeño de la marcha. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correlación entre la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores, utilizando un dinamómetro isocinético, y los parámetros espaciotemporales de la marcha en la EP, en comparación con controles sanos emparejados por edad y sexo. Sujetos y métodos: El estudio se llevó a cabo con siete personas con EP –Hoehn y Yahr (HY) entre II y III– y siete controles sanos. Se realizaron pruebas isocinéticas de rodilla y tobillo a 60 y 120°/s y la prueba de marcha de 10 metros, a velocidad de marcha cómoda y rápida, en todos los sujetos reclutados. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias significativas en las medidas relacionadas con la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores y en los parámetros de la marcha entre las personas con EP y los controles. Los parámetros de la marcha mostraron excelentes correlaciones (rho = 0,7) para ambas extremidades inferiores: trabajo de flexión plantar de tobillo/desgaste corporal a 180°/s con número de pasos (indirecto) y zancada (directa) a ambas velocidades, y entre pico de torsión de flexión plantar de tobillo/desgaste corporal a 180°/s con número de pasos (indirecto) y zancada (directa) a velocidad máxima; y entre trabajo de extensión de rodilla/desgaste corporal a 60°/s con zancada (directa) a velocidad autoseleccionada. Conclusiones: La fuerza muscular de las extremidades inferiores de las personas con EP (estadios de HY II-III) se...(AU)

Introduction: Muscle weakness in persons with Parkinson disease (PD) has been frequently recognized as a nonspecific symptom. In other neurological conditions, lower limb weakness, specifically quadriceps weakness, is the factor that causes greater gait disability. Little research has evaluated the relationship between lower limb muscle strength, using objective tools, in PD persons and gait performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between lower limb muscle strength, using an isokinetic dynamometer, and the spatiotemporal gait parameters in PD, compared with age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted with 7 persons with PD –Hoehn and Yahr (HY) between II-III– and 7 healthy controls. Isokinetic knee and ankle tests at 60 and 120°/s and the 10-meter walking test at comfortable and fast walking speed, were performed on all recruited subjects. Results: Significant differences in lower limb strength-related measures and gait parameters were observed between persons with PD and controls. Gait parameters showed excellent correlations (rho ≥ 0.7) for both lower limb: ankle plantar flexion work/body wearing at 180°/s with number of steps (indirect) and stride (direct) at both speeds, and between the ankle plantar flexion peak torque/ body wearing at 180°/s with number of steps (indirect) and stride (direct) at maximum speed; and between knee extension work/body wearing at 60°/s) with stride (direct) at self-selected speed. Conclusions: Persons with PD (HY II-III stages) lower limb muscle strength correlates excellently with gait pattern, showing lower isokinetic strength than healthy subjects of the same age and sex. This protocol showed safety to be performed in a larger sample.(AU)

Composición de los macroinvertebrados según la calidad del agua en turberas de altura, Costa Rica / Composition of macroinvertebrates according to water quality in high altitude peatbogs, Costa Rica

Resumen Introducción: En Costa Rica, las turberas de altura se localizan en la Cordillera de Talamanca de 2 400 a 3 200 m. Se forman a partir de depósitos de materia orgánica en descomposición, con oxígeno reducido y baja disponibilidad de nutrientes. Objetivo: Evaluar la variación en la composición de macroinvertebrados acuáticos según parámetros fisicoquímicos de calidad del agua superficial en turberas de altura, Costa Rica. Métodos: Se colocaron 32 sustratos artificiales en las turberas para ser colonizados por macroinvertebrados. Se realizaron evaluaciones fisicoquímicas mensuales del agua superficial en ocho turberas con visitas mensuales durante la estación lluviosa. Se utilizaron los índices ICA-NSF y BMWP-CR para evaluar la calidad del agua. Resultados: Se registraron un total de diez familias correspondientes a siete géneros. Las familias más representativas fueron Chironomidae y Limnephilidae. La calidad del agua se clasificó según el ICA-NSF como de "calidad media" y como de "calidad regular a mala" según el BMWP-CR. Conclusiones: Las turberas de altura son ecosistemas poco estudiados, esta investigación evidencia la necesidad de diseñar metodologías e índices que evalúen la fauna acuática. Las turberas son diferentes entre sí, y las familias de macroinvertebrados encontrados son tolerantes a las características fisicoquímicas del agua. Es necesario realizar estudios periódicos que evalúen la calidad del agua y su relación con los macroinvertebrados acuáticos para entender la dinámica de las turberas, generar conocimiento e incrementar su protección.

Abstract Introduction: In Costa Rica, high peatbogs are located in the Cordillera de Talamanca from 2 400 to 3 200 m. They are formed from deposits of decomposing organic matter, with reduced oxygen and low nutrient availability. Objective: To evaluate the variation in the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates according to physicochemical parameters of superficial water quality in high altitude peatbogs, Costa Rica. Methods: 32 artificial substrates were placed in the peatbogs to be colonized by macroinvertebrates. Monthly physicochemical evaluations of surface water were performed in eight peatbogs with monthly visits during the rainy season. The ICA-NSF and BMWP-CR indexes were used to evaluate the water quality. Results: A total of ten families corresponding to seven genera were recorded. The most representative family was Chironomidae and Limnephilidae. Water quality was classified according to the ICA-NSF as "medium quality" and as "regular to poor quality" according to BMWP-CR. Conclusions: The high peatbogs are poorly studied ecosystems; this research shows the need to design methodologies and indices to evaluate the aquatic fauna. The peatbogs are different from each other, and the families of macroinvertebrates found are tolerant to the physicochemical characteristics of the water. Periodic studies that evaluate water quality and its relationship with aquatic macroinvertebrates are necessary to understand the dynamics of peatlands, generate knowledge and increase their protection.

Estudio comparativo entre la fusión lumbar intersomática por vía oblicua y la fusión lumbar intersomática por vía posterior. Resultados radiográficos y clínicos a corto plazo / Comparison between oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) and posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Short-term radiographic and clinical results

Introducción. La fusión lumbar intersomática posterior (PLIF, "posterior lumbar interbody fusion") es un procedimiento ampliamente utilizado. En los últimos años, la fusión lumbar intersomática por vía oblicua (OLIF, "oblique lumbar interbody fusión") ha ganado cierta popularidad dado su abordaje mini-invasivo y su capacidad de descompresión indirecta. Objetivo. Comparar retrospectivamente los resultados clínicos y radiológicos de pacientes operados por vía oblicua y por vía posterior a corto plazo.Materiales y métodos. Se reunieron los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por vía OLIF y PLIF entre 2020 y 2021. Se dividieron en dos grupos según la vía utilizada y se compararon los datos demográficos y resultados radiográficos entre el preoperatorio y postoperatorio. Se utilizó el cuestionario de Oswestry (ODI) para evaluar la escala de discapacidad por dolor lumbar y se registraron las complicaciones de ambos grupos. Resultados. Sobre 118 pacientes, 56 corresponden a la vía OLIF y 62 al PLIF. Con respecto al ODI, no se registraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos previamente ni posterior a la cirugía. El grupo OLIF mostró mejores resultados radiográficos que el grupo PLIF en el posoperatorio, con una diferencia significativa en la lordosis lumbar total (p 0,017). El grupo PLIF mostró un mayor número de complicaciones posoperatorias. Conclusión. La vía OLIF puede ser un método quirúrgico alternativo a la vía posterior tradicional en pacientes con patología degenerativa lumbar. Esta vía permitiría obtener mejores resultados radiográficos con menos complicaciones comparado con la vía tradiciona

Background. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) is a widely used method. In recent years, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) has gained some popularity due to its minimally invasive approach and ability of indirect decompression. Objective. Our objective is to compare retrospectively clinical and radiological results of patients operated by boths techniques in the short term.Materials and methods. Patients who underwent surgery by the OLIF and PLIF between 2020 and 2021 were gathered. They were divided into two groups according to the technique used; and demographic data and radiographic results were compared between the preoperative and postoperative periods. The Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODI) was used to assess the low back pain disability; and complications were recorded for both groups. Results. Out of 118 patients, 56 correspond to the OLIF group and 62 to the PLIF group. Regarding the ODI, no significant differences were recorded between the two groups before and after surgery. The OLIF group showed better radiographic results than the PLIF group in the postoperative period, with a significant difference in total lumbar lordosis (p 0.017). The PLIF group showed a higher number of postoperative complications. Conclusion: The OLIF approach can be an alternative surgical method to the traditional posterior approach in patients with lumbar degenerative pathology. This technique would allow obtaining better radiographic results with fewer complications compared to the traditional technique

Análisis de la aplicación de indicadores para la evaluación integral del aprendizaje en la asignatura Atletismo

El sistema de evaluación de la asignatura de Atletismo en la Universidad de Ciencias de la Cultura Física y el Deporte "Manuel Fajardo" precisa de un cambio en su proceder, a partir del uso de indicadores que evidencien las transformaciones ocurridas en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de forma integral, principalmente en las clases prácticas, según el nuevo modelo de formación del profesional propuesto por el Ministerio de Educación Superior (MES). El objetivo consistió en analizar los resultados que se obtienen con la aplicación de los indicadores para la evaluación integral del aprendizaje de los estudiantes en las clases prácticas de la asignatura Atletismo, instrumento valorado a través del criterio de experto y que ofrece una estructura compuesta por dimensiones del conocimiento (cognitiva, procedimental y axiológica), indicadores, parámetros, criterios de medidas que permiten, no solo la evaluación integral del aprendizaje de los estudiantes sino, que posibilita la evaluación por cada dimensión. Se emplearon métodos teóricos y empíricos, fundamentalmente el analítico sintético, experimento, criterio de experto y la observación estructurada, así como técnicas de procesamiento estadístico descriptivas e inferenciales. El análisis de los resultados de la evaluación del aprendizaje en las clases prácticas con orientación productiva en la asignatura Atletismo del grupo D-15 se realizó cualitativa y cuantitativamente y se tuvieron en cuenta los indicadores aplicados, lo que permitió evidenciar la mejoría de los estudiantes en la variable aprendizaje en todas sus dimensiones y de manera integral, lo que garantiza que a través de la coevaluación lleguen a criterios lógicos sobre su conocimiento.

O sistema de avaliação da disciplina de Atletismo da Universidade de Cultura Física e Ciências do Desporto "Manuel Fajardo" exige uma mudança no seu procedimento, baseada na utilização de indicadores que evidenciem as transformações ocorridas na aprendizagem dos alunos. nas aulas práticas, de acordo com o novo modelo de formação profissional proposto pelo Ministério do Ensino Superior (MES). O objetivo foi analisar os resultados obtidos com a aplicação dos indicadores para avaliação integral da aprendizagem dos alunos nas aulas práticas da disciplina de Atletismo, instrumento valorizado por critérios de especialistas e que oferece uma estrutura composta por dimensões de conhecimento (cognitivas, processuais e axiológico), indicadores, parâmetros, critérios de medição que permitem não só a avaliação abrangente da aprendizagem dos alunos, mas também permitem a avaliação por cada dimensão. Foram utilizados métodos teóricos e empíricos, principalmente análise sintética, experimento, julgamento de especialistas e observação estruturada, além de técnicas de processamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial. A análise dos resultados da avaliação da aprendizagem nas aulas práticas com orientação produtiva na disciplina de Atletismo do grupo D-15 foi realizada de forma qualitativa e quantitativa e foram tidos em conta os indicadores aplicados, o que permitiu demonstrar a melhoria dos alunos na variável de aprendizagem em todas as suas dimensões e de forma abrangente, o que garante que através da coavaliação eles atinjam critérios lógicos sobre seus conhecimentos.

The evaluation system for the subject of Athletics at the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sports Sciences requires a change in its procedure, based on the use of indicators that show the transformations that have comprehensively occurred in the students' learning, mainly in practical classes, according to the new professional training model proposed by the Ministry of Higher Education (MES). The objective was to analyze the results obtained with the application of the indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of student learning in the practical classes of the Athletics subject, an instrument valued through expert criteria and that offers a structure composed of dimensions of knowledge (cognitive, procedural and axiological), indicators, parameters, measurement criteria that allow not only the comprehensive evaluation of student learning but also enable evaluation by each dimension. Theoretical and empirical methods were used, mainly synthetic analysis, experiment, expert judgment and structured observation, as well as descriptive and inferential statistical processing techniques. The analysis of the results of the learning evaluation in the practical classes with a productive orientation in the Athletics subject of the D-15 group was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively and the applied indicators were taken into account, which made it possible to demonstrate the improvement of the students in the learning variable in all its dimensions and in a comprehensive manner, which guarantees that through co-evaluation they reach logical criteria about their knowledge.