Arquitectura y anatomía foliar del complejo Polypodium plesiosorum sensu Moran (Polypodiaceae)

Architecture and leaf anatomy of the Polypodium plesiosorum sensu Moran complex (Polypodiaceae). The Polypodium plesisorum complex is a heterogeneous morphology group. We studied leaf architecture and anatomy of 12 species of this group, in addition to other 23 species of Polypodium (P. dulce, P. polypodioides and P. vulgare complex sensu Moran) and related genera (Goniophlebium, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Serpocaulon, Synammia), for comparative purposes. Two homogeneous groups of species were established in P. plesiosorum complex. One of them is recognized based on the type of anastomosis of the veins (Type III): Polypodium conterminans (originally considered in the group of P. dulce with free venation by Moran), P. hispidulum, P. plesiosorum and P. rhodopleuron. The second group with Polypodium arcanum, P. castaneum, P. colpodes, P. eatonii, and P. flagellare were recognized based on the type of anastomosis of the veins (Type IV) and how vascular strands fuse along the petiole-leaf rachis. Characters studied helped to group the remaining species with other groups outside the complex under study. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 955-976. Epub 2010 September 01.

El complejo Polypodium plesisorum es un grupo de morfología heterogénea. Se estudió la arquitectura y anatomía foliar de 12 especies que constituyen el complejo de Polypodium plesiosorum reconocidas por Moran, y otras 23 especies de Polypodium (complejos P. dulce, P. polypodioides y P. vulgare sunsu Moran) y géneros relacionados taxonómicamente (Goniophlebium, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Serpocaulon, Synammia) con fines comparativos. Dos grupos de especies homogéneas fueron establecidos en el complejo P. plesisorum. Uno de ellos se reconoce por el tipo de anastomosis de las venas (tipo III): Polypodium conterminans (originalmente considerado en el grupo de P. dulce de venación libre según Moran), P. hispidulum, P. plesiosorum y P. rhodopleuron. El segundo grupo formado por Polypodium arcanum, P. castaneum, P. colpodes, P. eatonii y P. flagellare, se reconoce por el tipo de anastomosis de las venas (tipo IV) y la forma en que se fusionan los cordones vasculares a lo largo del eje pecíoloraquis de la hoja. Los caracteres estudiados ayudaron a relacionar las especies restantes con otros grupos fuera del complejo estudiado.

Anatomía de seis especies de helechos del género Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) de México / Anatomy of six species of Dryopteris ferns (Dryopteridaceae) from Mexico

Rhizome and foliar anatomy of the Mexican Dryopteris Adans. species were studied and compared with other Dryopteridaceae and other fern families to identify anatomical features with diagnostic value. The anatomy of rhizome, stipe, and blade is similar in species of the Dryopteris patula complex. The cells with un-lignified, thickened wall, with cap or U-shape around the meristeles belong to the collenchyma, in contrast with other fern families. Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. is anatomically distinguished from the other studied species by having more layers of sclerenchyma and meristeles on the stipe, and by the lack of sclereid nests on the rhizome. Dryopteris rossii C. Chr. and D. maxonii Underw. & C. Chr. are characterized by the presence of crystals on the periphery of rhizome nests. D. maxonni and D. wallichiana lack blade glands.

Se estudió la anatomía del rizoma y hoja de especies mexicanas de Dryopteris Adans. y se comparó con la información disponible para Dryopteridaceae y otras familias de helechos en busca de caracteres anatómicos con valor diagnóstico. La anatomía de rizoma, pecíolo y lámina es similar en las especies del complejo Dryopteris patula. Las células con pared engrosada, no lignificada y en forma de casquete o de “U” presentes alrededor de las meristelas corresponden a colénquima, a diferencia de lo informado para otras familias de helechos. Dryopteriswallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl. se distingue anatómicamente de las otras especies estudiadas por presentar un mayor número de capas de esclerénquima y de meristelas en el pecíolo, además de carecer de nidos de esclereidas en el rizoma. Dryopteris rossii y D. maxonii se caracterizan por la presencia de cristales en la periferia de los nidos en el rizoma. Las glándulas en la lámina están ausentes en D. maxonii y D. wallichiana.

MINERAIS DE VITIS VINIFERA CULTIVADAS NA FRONTEIRA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Petioles of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc were analyzed during eight (8) years for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Boron (Bo) and Zinc (Zn). Petioles were first dried in a forced air-draft oven at approximately 70°C for 48 hours, then ground and analyzed. Nitrogen was analyzed using microkjeldahl, P by colorimetric method, K and Na by flame emission, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry and B by a colorimetric method using curcumin as a derivatizing agent. Average values for the eight years (8) found in the dry matter (DM) were for Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1.59N, 0.76P, 3. 28K, 0.93Ca and 0.28Mg and as mg/100g: 11.52Fe, 4.18Cu, 85.08Na, 70.17Mn, 2.07B and 13.97Zn; for Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1.26N, 0.47P, 3.20K, 0.82Ca, 0.31 Mg and as mg/100g: 15.25Fe, 3.25Cu, 63.73Na, 42.91 Mn, 2.08B and 11.13Zn; for Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1.51 N, 0.49P, 2.29K, 0.79Ca, 0,32Mg and as mg/100g: 16.01Fe, 5.91Cu, 76.02Na, 70.61Mn, 1.91B and 11.9Zn.

Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay e Sauvignon Blanc foram analizadas durante oito (8) anos, com o objetivo de quantificar Nitrogênio(N), Fósforo(P), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe), Cobre (Cu), Sódio (Na), Manganês (Mn), Boro (Bo) e Zinco(Zn) nos pecíolos. As amostras peciolares foram secas numa estufa com circulação de ar a aproximadamente 70°C e moídas. Nitrogênio foi determinado pelo método microkjeldahl, Fósforo por colorimetria, Potássio e Sódio por emissão de chama, Cálcio, Magnésio, Ferro, Cobre, Manganês e Zinco por espectrometria de absorção atômica e Boro por colorimetria usando curcumina como derivatizante. Valores médios dos oito (8) anos encontrados na matéria seca (MS) foram para Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1,59N, 0,76P, 3,28K, 0,93Ca, 0,28Mg e em mg/100g: 11,52Fe, 4,18Cu, 85,08Na, 70,17Mn, 2.07B e 13,97Zn; para Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1,26N, 0,47P, 3,20K, 0,82Ca, 0,31 Mg e em mg/100g: 15,25Fe, 3,25Cu, 63,73Na, 42,91Mn, 2,08B e 11,13Zn; para Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1,51 N, 0,49P, 2.29K, 0,79Ca, 0,32Mg e em mg/100g: 16,01 Fe, 5,91 Cu, 76,02Na, 70,61 Mn, 1,91 B e 11,9Zn.

Minerais de vitis vinifera cultivadas na fronteira do rio grande do sul

Petioles of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc were analyzed during eight (8) years for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Boron (Bo) and Zinc (Zn). Petioles were first dried in a forced air-draft oven at approximately 70°C for 48 hours, then ground and analyzed. Nitrogen was analyzed using microkjeldahl, P by colorimetric method, K and Na by flame emission, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry and B by a colorimetric method using curcumin as a derivatizing agent. Average values for the eight years (8) found in the dry matter (DM) were for Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1.59N, 0.76P, 3. 28K, 0.93Ca and 0.28Mg and as mg/100g: 11.52Fe, 4.18Cu, 85.08Na, 70.17Mn, 2.07B and 13.97Zn; for Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1.26N, 0.47P, 3.20K, 0.82Ca, 0.31 Mg and as mg/100g: 15.25Fe, 3.25Cu, 63.73Na, 42.91 Mn, 2.08B and 11.13Zn; for Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1.51 N, 0.49P, 2.29K, 0.79Ca, 0,32Mg and as mg/100g: 16.01Fe, 5.91Cu, 76.02Na, 70.61Mn, 1.91B and 11.9Zn.

Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay e Sauvignon Blanc foram analizadas durante oito (8) anos, com o objetivo de quantificar Nitrogênio(N), Fósforo(P), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe), Cobre (Cu), Sódio (Na), Manganês (Mn), Boro (Bo) e Zinco(Zn) nos pecíolos. As amostras peciolares foram secas numa estufa com circulação de ar a aproximadamente 70°C e moídas. Nitrogênio foi determinado pelo método microkjeldahl, Fósforo por colorimetria, Potássio e Sódio por emissão de chama, Cálcio, Magnésio, Ferro, Cobre, Manganês e Zinco por espectrometria de absorção atômica e Boro por colorimetria usando curcumina como derivatizante. Valores médios dos oito (8) anos encontrados na matéria seca (MS) foram para Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1,59N, 0,76P, 3,28K, 0,93Ca, 0,28Mg e em mg/100g: 11,52Fe, 4,18Cu, 85,08Na, 70,17Mn, 2.07B e 13,97Zn; para Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1,26N, 0,47P, 3,20K, 0,82Ca, 0,31 Mg e em mg/100g: 15,25Fe, 3,25Cu, 63,73Na, 42,91Mn, 2,08B e 11,13Zn; para Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1,51 N, 0,49P, 2.29K, 0,79Ca, 0,32Mg e em mg/100g: 16,01 Fe, 5,91 Cu, 76,02Na, 70,61 Mn, 1,91 B e 11,9Zn.