Antiulcer activity of Mauritia flexuosa L.f. (Arecaceae) pulp oil: An edible Amazonian species with functional properties.

Mauritia flexuosa, known as buriti in Brazil, is a widespread palm tree in Amazonia. It has many ethnobotanical uses, including food, oil, and medicine. The oil obtained from buriti's fruit pulp has high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, and tocopherols, and is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries for its antioxidant properties. Many biological activities have been reported for buriti oil, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, chemopreventive, and immunomodulatory. Due to its high content of bioactive compounds, buriti oil is considered a functional ingredient with possible benefits in preventing oxidative stress and chronic diseases, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial disorder, involving lesions in the stomach and duodenum mucosa, which has a complex healing process. In this context, some nutrients and bioactive compounds help the maintenance of gastrointestinal mucosal integrity and function, such as carotenoids, tocopherols, and unsaturated fatty acids, which makes buriti oil an interesting candidate to be used in the prevention and management of gastrointestinal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective and antiulcer effects of buriti oil and its possible mechanisms of action. Buriti oil reduced the ulcerative area and lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol. The gastroprotective activity of buriti oil partially depends on nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds. In acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers, buriti oil accelerated healing and stimulated the formation of new gastric glands. These results demonstrated the potential of buriti oil as a functional ingredient to promote health benefits in the gastrointestinal tract.

Comparison of Secular Trends in Peptic Ulcer Diseases Mortality in China, Brazil and India during 1990-2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease worldwide, especially in developing countries. China, Brazil, and India are among the world's fastest-growing emerging economies. This study aimed to assess long-term trends in PUD mortality and explore the effects of age, period, and cohort in China, Brazil, and India. METHODS: We collected data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study and used an age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate the effects of age, period, and cohort. We also obtained net drift, local drift, longitudinal age curve, and period/cohort rate ratios using the APC model. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of PUD and PUD attributable to smoking showed a downward trend in all countries and both sexes. The local drift values for both sexes of all ages were below zero, and there were obvious sex differences in net drifts between China and India. India had a more pronounced upward trend in the age effects than other countries. The period and cohort effects had a similar declining trend in all countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: China, Brazil, and India had an inspiring decrease in the ASMRs of PUD and PUD attributable to smoking and to period and cohort effects during 1990-2019. The decreasing rates of Helicobacter pylori infection and the implementation of tobacco-restricting policies may have contributed to this decrease.

Genetic Variants in PTGS1 and NOS3 Genes Increase the Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: To assess the association between PTGS1 and NOS3 variant alleles and the risk to develop upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) secondary to complicated peptic disease. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in a Brazilian complex hospital from July 2016 to March 2020. Case: Patients with UGIB diagnosis. Control: Patients admitted for surgery not related to gastrointestinal disorders. Variables: UGIB (outcome), genetic variants in PTGS1 and NOS3 genes (independent), and sex, age, schooling, ethnicity, previous history of gastrointestinal disorders, Helicobacter pylori serology, comorbidity, drug therapy, and lifestyle (confounding). The single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PTSG1 gene (rs1330344, rs3842787, rs10306114, and rs5788) and NOS3 gene (rs2070744 and rs1799983) were determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. Helicobacter pylori serology was determined through the chemiluminescence technique. Logistic regression models were built and deviations of allelic frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were verified. Results: 200 cases and 706 controls were recruited. Carriers of the AG genotype of rs10306114 (OR: 2.55, CI 95%: 1.13-5.76) and CA + AA genotypes of rs5788 (OR: 2.53, CI 95%: 1.14-5.59) were associated with an increased risk for the UGIB development. In nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) users, the six variants evaluated modified the magnitude of the risk of UGIB, whereas in low-dose aspirin (LDA) users, an increased risk of UGIB was observed for four of them (rs1330344, rs10306114, rs2070744, and rs1799983). Personal ulcer history (p-value: < 0.001); Helicobacter pylori infection (p-value: < 0.011); NSAIDs, LDA, and oral anticoagulant use (p-value: < 0.001); and alcohol intake (p-value: < 0.001) were also identified as independent risk factors for UGIB. Conclusion: This study presents two unprecedented analyses within the scope of the UGIB (rs10306114 and rs2070744), and our findings showing an increased risk of UGIB in the presence of the genetic variants rs10306114 and rs5788, regardless of the drug exposure. Besides, the presence of the evaluated variants might modify the magnitude of the risk of UGIB in LDA/NSAIDs users. Therefore, our data suggest the need for a personalized therapy and drug use monitoring in order to promote patient safety.

Exploiting drug delivery systems for oral route in the peptic ulcer disease treatment.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common condition that is induced by acid and pepsin causing lesions in the mucosa of the duodenum and stomach. The pathogenesis of PUD is a many-sided scenario, which involves an imbalance between protective factors, such as prostaglandins, blood flow, and cell renewal, and aggressive ones, like alcohol abuse, smoking, Helicobacter pylori colonisation, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The standard oral treatment is well established; however, several problems can decrease the success of this therapy, such as drug degradation in the gastric environment, low oral bioavailability, and lack of vectorisation to the target site. In this way, the use of strategies to improve the effectiveness of these conventional drugs becomes interesting. Currently, the use of drug delivery systems is being explored as an option to improve the drug therapy limitations, such as antimicrobial resistance, low bioavailability, molecule degradation in an acid environment, and low concentration of the drug at the site of action. This article provides a review of oral drug delivery systems looking for improving the treatment of PUD.

Predictive Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio for Differentiating Organic Dyspepsia from Functional Dyspepsia

ABSTRACT Objective: Dyspepsia, one of the most commonly seen symptoms, can be due to organic dyspepsia (OD) or functional dyspepsia (FD). The aim of this study is to evaluate neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) for the predictability of OD due to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer (GC). Methods: We investigated retrospectively the patients with dyspepsia who underwent endos-copy. The study included 119 patients with OD (41 patients with biopsy-proven GC and 78 patients with PUD) and 100 patients with FD diagnosed. Results: The NLR among the patients with GC and PUD was significantly higher than FD subject (p < 0.001 each). The NLR in patients with GC was also significantly higher than that in patients with PUD (p < 0.005). When OD was compared with FD, NLR and white blood cell were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05 respectively). The best predictive cut-off value of NLR was 1.72 with a specificity of 63% and a sensitivity of 66% for OD, on receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. Conclusion: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was higher in patients with OD compared with those with FD, and even higher in patients with GC. Our findings suggest that NLR should be calculated in patients with dyspepsia and patients with high levels of NLR should undergo endoscopy.

Epstein-Barr Virus and Helicobacter Pylori Co-Infection in Non-Malignant Gastroduodenal Disorders.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are two pathogens associated with the development of various human cancers. The coexistence of both microorganisms in gastric cancer specimens has been increasingly reported, suggesting that crosstalk of both pathogens may be implicated in the carcinogenesis process. Considering that chronic inflammation is an initial step in the development of several cancers, including gastric cancer, we conducted a systematic review to comprehensively evaluate publications in which EBV and H. pylori co-infection has been documented in patients with non-malignant gastroduodenal disorders (NMGDs), including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and dyspepsia. We searched the PubMed database up to August 2019, as well as publication references and, among the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified six studies assessing EBV infection directly in gastric tissues (total 949 patients) and three studies in which EBV infection status was determined by serological methods (total 662 patients). Due to the substantial methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies identified, we could not conduct a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of EBV + H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs was 34% (range 1.8% to 60%). A higher co-infection rate (EBV + H. pylori) was reported in studies in which EBV was documented by serological methods in comparison with studies in which EBV infection was directly assessed in gastric specimens. The majority of these studies were conducted in Latin-America and India, with most of them comparing NMGDs with gastric cancer, but there were no studies comparing the co-infection rate in NMGDs with that in asymptomatic individuals. In comparison with gastritis caused by only one of these pathogens, EBV + H. pylori co-infection was associated with increased severity of gastric inflammation. In conclusion, only relatively small studies testing EBV and H. pylori co-infection in NMGDs have been published to date and the variable report results are likely influenced by geographic factors and detection methods.

Systematic Analysis of Monoterpenes: Advances and Challenges in the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Diseases.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a multifactorial and complex disease caused by an imbalance of protective and aggressive factors (endogenous and exogenous). Despite advances in recent years, it is still responsible for substantial mortality and triggering clinical problems. Over the last decades, the understanding of PUD has changed a lot with the discovery of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, this disease continues to be a challenge due to side-effects, incidence of relapse from use of various anti-ulcer medicines, and the rapid appearance of antimicrobial resistance with current H. pylori therapies. Consequently, there is the need to identify more effective and safe anti-ulcer agents. The search for new therapies with natural products is a viable alternative and has been encouraged. The literature reports the importance of monoterpenes based on the extensive pharmacological action of this class, including wound healing and anti-ulcerogenic agents. In the present study, 20 monoterpenes with anti-ulcerogenic properties were evaluated by assessing recent in vitro and in vivo studies. Here, we review the anti-ulcer effects of monoterpenes against ulcerogenic factors such as ethanol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and Helicobacter pylori, highlighting challenges in the field.

Highly clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic children from a rural community of Cajamarca-Peru.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori in asymptomatic children in a rural community of Cajamarca (northern Peru). RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori was detected in 17.2% (49/285) of the samples. Unboiled water consumption the most frequent associated factor in patients with positive PCR for H. pylori infection (93.9%). Clarithromycin resistant mutations were found in 79.6% (39/49) of the positive samples for H. pylori. The most frequent mutation was A2142G (46.9%), followed by the double-mutation A2142G-A2143G (28.6%).

"Helicobacter pylori, hoy": una historia de 30 años / "Helicobacter pylori, today": a 30 year history

En 1983, hace 30 años, Warren JR y Marshall BJ publican el artículo en Lancet1, que revolucionó el entendimiento de varias patologías gástricas, al encontrar un bacilo curvo no identificado en el epitelio gástrico, en gastritis crónica activa, de forma casi fortuita, al bacilo llamado subsecuentemente, Campylobacter pylori y con la nomenclatura de hoy, Helicobacter pylori. Fue considerado por la OMS carcinogenético gástrico el año 2001 (Figura 1). En el 2005, fueron galardonados con el Premio Nobel de Medicina, por su contribución (Figura 2). Es el tópico que más publicaciones científicas ha generado en la literatura. En la presente revisión, nos ocuparemos de un enfoque eminentemente práctico, sobre hechos de relevancia clínica de su presencia, de su diagnóstico, de la terapéutica y sus variables actuales y de los diferentes escenarios, en los cuales nos desenvolvemos. Se hace mención de un excelente documento generado en un Consenso actualizado en Latinoamérica2.

In 1983, 30 years ago, Warren JR & Marshall BJ, published in Lancet, their leading revolutionary article1, modifying the understanding of several gastric pathologies, thanks to the discovery of an unidentified curved bacilli in the gastric epithelium, in chronic active gastritis, almost unvoluntariously, nominated sequentially Campylobacter pylori and according to the today's nomenclature Helicobacter pylori. It has been considered gastric carcinogen by WHO in 2001 (Figure 1). In 2005, they were awarded with the Nobel Prize of Medicine for their contribution (Figure 2). It is the topic generating the highest number of scientific publications, in the literature. In this publication, we deal with a practical focus on clinical relevant aspects, related with its presence, its diagnosis, the therapeutic approach and its variables, and tackling the different clinical scenarios. A recently published practical Latin American consensus, has been preferently considered2.

Virulence Factors of Helicobacter pylori: A Review.

Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and can establish a long-term infection of the gastric mucosa, a condition that affects the relative risk of developing various clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori presents a high-level of genetic diversity, which can be an important factor in its adaptation to the host stomach and also for the clinical outcome of infection. There are important H. pylori virulence factors that, along with host characteristics and the external environment, have been associated with the different occurrences of diseases. This review is aimed to analyzing and summarizing the main of them and possible associations with the clinical outcome.

Etiologia da hemorragia digestiva alta em hospital de emergência em Recife - Pernambuco / Etiology of upper gastrointestional hemorrhage in an emergency hospital in Recife, Pernambuco

A hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) é uma importante emergência médica, com grande índice de morbidade e letalidade. A literatura sobre o tema evidencia as úlceras pépticas como as principais causas de sangramento, porém, em Pernambuco, devido à endemicidade da esquistossomose mansônica, há uma elevada frequência de hemorragia por ruptura de varizes esofágicas (VVEE). Há poucos relatos no estado sobre as características dos pacientes com HDA. Objetivos: descrever e analisar aspectos demográficos, antecedentes pessoais, dados clínicos e endoscópicos de pacientes com HDA para caracterizar as etiologias mais frequentes do sangramento digestivo. Pacientes e métodos: foi realizado estudo descritivo, tipo série de casos, de pacientes com HDA atendidos no Setor de Endoscopia Digestiva do Hospital da Restauração em Recife, referência no estado em hemorragia digestiva, no período de outubro de 2008 a outubro de 2009. Foram coletados dados sobre antecedentes pessoais, aspectos demográficos e clínicos, e realizado exame endoscópico para avaliação do sítio de sangramento e propedêutica para controle da hemorragia, se necessário. Resultados: foram analisados 385 pacientes com média de idade de 55,9 anos (11-96 anos), sendo 60,8% do sexo masculino. A maioria dos pacientes era natural (43,1%) e procedente (59,7%) da Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR). O uso abusivo de álcool foi relatado por 38,7% dos pacientes, consumo de anti-inflamatórios (AINES) por 43,4%, história prévia de hemotransfusão por 47,3%, doença hepática crônica por 29,1%. A principal queixa clínica foi hematêmese em 50,4% dos casos, seguida pela associação de hematêmese e melena em 35,8%. A HDA foi classificada em não varicosa (41,3%) e varicosa (39,7%) e quanto à etiologia, secundária à VVEE em 38,1% dos casos, a úlcera péptica em 19,5% e não determinada em 19%. Observou-se relação entre o uso de AINES e o sangramento não varicoso (p<0,001). Conclusão: no presente estudo, observa-se que a maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino e procedente da RMR. Houve elevado consumo de AINES, principalmente nos pacientes com sangramento do tipo não varicoso. As causas de HDA não varicosa e varicosa apresentam uma frequência semelhante, mas quando se considera a etiologia isolada, nota-se o predomínio de sangramento por VVEE devido à endemicidade de esquistossomose mansônica em Pernambuco.

Background: upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) is an important medical emergency, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. In other localities, peptic ulcers are the main causes of UGB, but in Pernambuco, where schistosomiasis mansoni is endemic, bleedings due to the rupture of esophageal varices are very frequent. However, there is little data on the characteristics of the patients with this disease in the state. Aim: to describe and analyze demographical aspects, personal history, endoscopic and clinical data of patients with UGB to characterize the most common etiologies of digestive bleeding. Patients and methods: it is a descritive study about patients with UGB assisted at the endoscopic unit of Restauração Hospital in Recife, which is reference in gastrointestinal bleeding in the state. The patients involved in the study filled out an application form regarding demographic features, personal history, clinical aspects and an endoscopy was performed to identify the area of the bleeding, as well as a propaedeutical endoscopy to control the bleeding, when necessary. Results: 385 patients were analyzed with specific-age rate of 55.9 years old (from 11 to 96 years old) and 60.8% of them were male. Most patients were born (43.1%) and lived (59.7%) in the metropolitan region of Recife. Alcohol abuse was detected in 38.7% of the patients, intake of NSAIDs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) in 43.4%, previous history of blood transfusion by 47.3% and hepatic chronic disease by 29.1%. The main clinical complaint was hematemesis in 50.4% of the cases followed by the association of hematemesis and melena in 35.8%. UGB was classified in nonvariceal (41.3%) and variceal (39.7%) bleeding, considering etiology causes, 38.1% of patients had esophageal varices, 19.5% peptic ulcer and 19% undetermined causes. A relation between use of NSAIDs and non-variceal bleeding was observed (p<0.001). Conclusion: at the current study, most of the patients were male and from the metropolitan region of Recife. There were high intake of anti-inflammatory drugs, specially in patients with nonvariceal bleeding. The causes of variceal and non-variceal UGB comprise a similar frequency, but when the single etiology is considered, there is a superiority bleedings due to esophageal varices, due triggered by the presence of schistosomiasis mansonin in an endemic level in Pernambuco.

Evaluación de la calidad de estudios farmacoeconómicos del uso de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones en enfermedad ácido péptica / Quality assessment of pharmacoeconomic studies of the use of proton pump inhibitors in peptic ulcer disease

Los inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP) son un grupo de fármacos que reducen la secreción de ácido en el estómago, por lo que son ampliamente utilizados en el tratamiento de la úlcera péptica. La notable prevalencia e incidencia de esta patología sugiere que los recursos económicos y humanos dedicados a su tratamiento son considerables y, por tanto, es necesario identificar fuentes fiables de información relacionadas con los costos y los beneficios de estos agentes terapéuticos que permitan valorarlos en términos de eficiencia para mejorar su prescripción racional. Este trabajo realizó una revisión de los estudios farmacoeconómicos correspondientes al uso de los ibp en la prevención y tratamiento de la enfermedad ácido péptica y se presenta una evaluación pareada de la calidad metodológica de la bibliografía basada en el instrumento qhes (Ofman et al., [10]). De los diez artículos revisados, cuatro son de costo-efectividad, dos de costo-utilidad, tres de descripción de costos y uno de minimización de costos. El puntaje global promedio obtenido por los estudios evaluados fue de 66,6 sobre 100. Cuatro de ellos puntuaron por debajo de 60, haciendo evidente deficiencias en la calidad de los estudios de acuerdo con el instrumento usado, además pone de manifiesto que se necesitan evaluaciones farmacoeconómicas en relación con el uso de los ibp para la prevención y el tratamiento de la úlcera péptica, especialmente estudios de costo-efectividad, que cumplan con los estándares de calidad metodológica.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are a group of drugs that reduce gastric acid secretion and therefore are widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcer. The remarkable prevalence and incidence of this disease suggests that economic and human resources devoted to treatment are considerable and therefore it is necessary to identify reliable sources of information related to the costs and benefits of these therapeutic agents to appraise in terms of efficiency to improve rational prescribing. This paper conducted a review of pharmacoeconomic studies pertaining to the use of ppi in the prevention and treatment of peptic acid disease, as it presents a paired assessment of methodological quality of the literature instrument based on qhes (Ofman et al., [10]). Of the ten articles reviewed, four were cost-effectiveness, two cost-utility, three description of cost, and one of cost minimization. The average overall scored 66.6 out of 100. Four of them scored below 60.0, making it a clear need for pharmacoeconomic evaluations in connection with the use of ppi for prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer, especially cost-effectiveness studies that meet standards of methodological quality.

Evaluación para comparar dos esquemas de terapia estándar (7 frente a 10 días) contra el Helicobacter pylori, con seguimiento clínico a 1 año / Randomized study of seven days of standard treatment for Helicobacter Pylori vs. ten days of standard treatment for Helicobacter Pylori with one year follow-ups of patients

Antecedentes: la creciente resistencia del Helicobacter pylori a los antibióticos induce el fracaso de la terapia de erradicación, por lo que se pretende modificar no solo la duración de la misma sino el régimen de antibióticos. Materiales y métodos: luego de una asignación aleatorizada se compararon dos esquemas de tratamiento estándar (7 [grupo 1] frente a 10 días [grupo 2]) con omeprazol 20 mg más amoxicilina 1 g y claritromicina 500 mg, todos vía oral (VO) cada 12 horas en pacientes con dispepsia no ulcerosa (DNU) y dispepsia ulcerosa (DU), para evaluar la efectividad de la erradicación con la prueba o test del aliento. Al año se comparó de nuevo la respuesta clínica de cada una de las terapias en los pacientes con DNU y DU. Se evaluó, además, la tolerancia a la terapia en cada grupo. Resultados: se asignaron aleatoriamente 149 pacientes al grupo 1 y 144 pacientes al grupo 2. La tasa de erradicación en el análisis por intención a tratar fue del 67,8% en el grupo 1 y del 74,3% en el grupo 2 (p=0,24), y en el análisis por protocolo fue del 72,1% y 81,1% (p=0,08), respectivamente. La tasa de erradicación fue similar para ambos grupos independiente del grado de infección por H. pylori (p=0,22) y no se encontraron diferencias en el grado de infección y la presencia de DNU o DU (p=0,19). Los efectos adversos fueron más frecuentes en el grupo 2 (27,5% frente a 36,1%), aunque sin relevancia estadística (p=0,4). La tasa de erradicación para ambos grupos fue similar para los pacientes con DNU (73,8% frente a 81,1%) y DU (64,3% frente a 73%). El seguimiento al año mostró que las manifestaciones clínicas no se relacionaron con el hecho de haber erradicado o no la bacteria (p=0,7), pese a que la respuesta clínica de los pacientes con DU fue mejor que la observada para los pacientes con DNU. Conclusiones: la terapia estándar durante 7 o 10 días es insuficiente para la erradicación del H. pylori, independiente del grado de infección por este microorganismo ...

Background: The increasing resistance of H pylori to antibiotics has led to failures of eradication treatment. For this reason we intend to modify both the duration of treatment and the regime of antibiotics. Methods: After random allocation, the standard treatment with omeprazole 20 mg orally every 12 hours, amoxicillin 1 g VO every 12 hours and clarithromycin 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 days (group 1) was compared with the same antibiotic regime over 10 days (group 2). Patients had either non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) or ulcer dyspepsia (UD). Effectiveness of eradication was evaluated with breathe tests. A year later, clinical responses to each therapy were compared for patients with NUD and DU. The tolerance to therapy was also evaluated for each group. Results: 149 patients were randomly assigned to group 1 and 144 patients to group 2. The eradication rate as measured by ITT analysis was 67.8% in group 1 and 74.3% in group 2 (p = 0.24). It was 72.1% and 81. 1% (p = 0.08) respectively for per protocol analysis. The eradication rate was similar for both groups independently of the degree of H pylori infection (p = 0.22). Differences in the degree of infection and the presence of NUD or DU (p = 0.19) were not found. Adverse effects were more frequent in group 2 (27.5% vs. 36.1%), but without statistical relevance (p = 0.4). The eradication rate was similar for patients with NUD (73.8% vs. 81,1%) and DU (64.3% vs. 73%). Follow up examinations one year later showed that the clinical manifestations were not related to the whether or not bacteria had been eradicated (p = 0.7). Nevertheless, the clinical response of patients with DU was better than for those with NUD. Conclusions: Standard therapy for either 7 or 10 days is insufficient for eradication of H pylori independent of the degree of H pylori infection or the type of endoscopic finding (NUD or DU). Both therapies show suboptimal eradication rates and poor clinical responses at ...

Frequência das causas de hemorragia digestiva alta em pacientes com cirrose hepática atendidos em um Hospital Universitário / Frequency of the causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis attended at an University teaching Hospital

Objetivo: verificar as frequências das causas de hemorragia digestiva alta (HDA) em pacientes portadores de cirrose hepática (CH) atendidos em um hospital geral universitário. Métodos: analisaram-se os prontuários médicos de todos os pacientes portadores de CH atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia durante o período de janeiro de 2006 a dezembro de 2008. Coletaram-se dados referentes às idades, causa da CH, presença de varizes esofagogástricas, causas de HDA e suas evoluções durante a internação. Para as comparações das frequências analisadas, utilizou-se o teste exato de Fisher. Resultados: foram analisados prontuários de 359 pacientes, sendo 266 (74,1%) homens e 93 (25,9%) mulheres, com idade média (desvio padrão) de 53,6 ± 13,4 anos. Entre eles, 317 submeteram-se à endoscopia digestiva alta e 246 (77,6%) tinham varizes esofágicas ou esofagogástricas; 115 (32,0%) apresentaram HDA e as causas foram varizes esofágicas (65,2%), úlcera péptica gástrica (12,2%) ou duodenal (6,1%), varizes gástricas (5,2%), síndrome de Mallory-Weiss (1,7%) e lesão aguda da mucosa gastroduodenal (2,6%); em 7% dos casos, a causa não pôde ser definida. A frequência de sangramento por úlceras pépticas foi maior (OR = 4,67; IC = 1,35 ? 16,16) entre os pacientes com CH com causa alcoólica [18/208 (8,6%) vs 3/151 (2,0%)]. Entre os 21 (18,3%) pacientes que morreram, as causas da HDA foram varizes esofágicas em 13 (52,4%) e gástricas em 2 (9,5%); em 8 (38,1%) não foram identificadas. Conclusão: um terço dos pacientes teve HDA e as causas mais frequentes foram as varizes esofagogástricas. Sangramentos por úlcera péptica foram mais frequentes entre os pacientes com CH de causa alcoólica. As frequências de mortes durante a internação foram semelhantes àquelas descritas na literatura hodiernamente.

Objectives: to assess the frequency of the causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) attended at an university teaching hospital. Methods: we analyzed the medical records of all patients with LC treated at the Clinical Hospital of Federal University of Uberlandia in the period from January 2006 to December 2008. The data were collected regarding age, cause of LC, esophagogastric varices, causes of UGIB and its evolution during hospitalization. For comparisons of frequencies analyzed, Fisher?s exact test was employed. Results: we analyzed 359 patients? medical records, 266 (74.1%) men and 93 (25.9%) women with a mean age of (SD) 53.6 ± 13.4 years. Among them, 317 were submitted to the esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 246 (77.6%) had esophageal or esophagogastric varices, 115 (32.0%) had UGIB and the causes were esophageal varices (65.2%), gastric (12 2%) or duodenal (6.1%) peptic ulcers, gastric varices (5.2%), Mallory-Weiss syndrome (1.7%) and acute erosive gastroduodenitis(2.6%); in 7% of cases the cause could not be defined. The frequency of bleeding peptic ulcers was higher (OR = 4.67, CI: 1.35 to 16.16) among patients with LC due to alcohol (18/208 [8.6%]vs 3/151 [2.0%]). Among the 21 (18.3%) patients who died, the causes of UGIB were esophageal varices in 13 (52.4%) and gastric varices in 2 (9.5%); in 8 (38.1%) it was not identified. Conclusion: one third of patients had UGIB and the most frequent causes were the esophagogastric varices. Peptic ulcer bleeding was more frequent among patients with LC due to alcoholism. The frequency of deaths during hospitalization was similar to those described in today is literature.

Los rasgos de personalidad y su relación con las enfermedades ulceropépticas / Personality traits and its relation with peptic ulcer disease

Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre los rasgos de personalidad y las enfermedades ulceropépticas EUP. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio correlacional, de campo y aplicado, llevado a cabo en el Estado Carabobo. Se realizó un muestreo intencional conformado por 85 pacientes diagnosticados con alguna EUP, a quienes se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Análisis Clínico CAQ. Se establecieron asociaciones entre las variables utilizando la correlación de Spearman, Chi cuadrado y t de student Resultados: Se encontró que la EUP más común fue la gastritis aguda, única que tuvo una asociación estadísticamente significativa con la depresión de baja energía en comparación con los sujetos con otras EUP. La muestra reflejó rasgos depresivos, hipocondríacos, de depresión suicida, depresión de baja energía, depresiónagitación, apatía-retirada, paranoia y esquizofrenia. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sexos. Al comparar los resultados de cada rasgo evaluado por el CAQ en los pacientes con EUP y en la muestra de población sana se demostró que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas p<0,05 entre ambos grupos, en tanto que los primeros obtuvieron puntuaciones mucho más elevadas de lo que se espera en sujetos sanos para la mayoría de los rasgos de personalidad. Conclusión: Los sujetos con EUP estudiados muestran fuertes rasgos depresivos de personalidad que pudieran tener influencia sobre la aparición y evolución de su patología médica.

Objective: To determine the relationship between personality traits and peptic ulcer disease PUD. Patients and methods: A correlational applied field study was carried out in Carabobo State. A deliberate sampling was chosen consisting of 85 patients diagnosed with any form of PUD, to whom a clinical analysis questionnaire CAQ was applied. Relationship between variables was established using Spearman correlation, Chi square and t student. Results: The most common PUD was acute gastritis, the only one showing a statistically significant association with low energy depression in comparison with subjects with other types of PUD. The sample reflected traits of depression, hypochondria, suicidal depression, low-energy depression, depression-agitation, apathy-withdrawal, paranoia, and schizophrenia. There were no statistically significant gender differences. When comparing the results of each personality trait evaluated by the CAQ in the PUD-patient group with the healthy population, statistically significant differences, p<0.05, were observed between both groups, since the first group obtained much higher scores than the expected in healthy subjects. Conclusion: The studied PUD subjects showed strong depressive personality traits that could influence the emergence and evolution of their medical pathology.

Bacillus claussi: en el tratamiento de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori: para reducir los síntomas adversos del tratamiento triple / Bacillus claussi: in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori eradication: to reduce the adverse symptoms of triple therapy

El tratamiento aceptado para la infección por Helicobacter pylori es el uso de inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBP), más dos antibióticos, siendo considerado de primera línea la amoxicilina y la claritromicina. Para el éxito del tratamiento es indispensable el cumplimiento dle mismo y es aquí donde el fracaso en la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori está relacionado al incumplimiento del tratamiento debido a los efectos adversos: náuseas, vómitos, diarrea y alteraciones del gusto. Para investigar la eficacia de la terapia triple para el Helicobacter pylori asociada a un probiótico ( Bacullus Claussi) se realizó un estudio prospectivo, con muestreo no probabilístico, intencional en 100 pacientes desde agosto de 2010 hasta febrero de 2011. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos en 2 grupos de 50 cada uno para recibir: grupo A. Esomeprazol, amoxicilina y claritromicina y grupo B; Esomeprazol, amoxicilina, claritromicina y Bacillus claussi. Se logró la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori en 96% de los pacientes del grupo B en comparación del 80% del grupo A (P = 0,027). El efecto adverso más importante fue la diarrea en el grupo A. La asociación de inhibidores de bomba de protones, antibióticos y Bacillus calussi aumentó el porcentaje de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori, evitando el abandono del tratamiento por la presencia de efectos adversos.

The consensus treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection is based on a Proton Pump Inhibitor plus two antibiotics being considered as first choice amoxicillin and clarithromycin. For a succesfull treatment is primordial its completion and here is where the failure on the Helicobacter pylori infection eradication is relationed to the non fulfillment because of its adverse effects: nauseas, vomiting, diarrhea and alterations of testing. In order to investigate the efficiency of triple therapy treatment associated to a probiotic (Bacillus claussi), its was made a prospective study with no probabilistic and intentional sampling in 100 patients since august, 2011 to february, 2011. Patients were distribuited in two groups of 50 each one, in order to receive the following treatment: Group A: Esomeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Group B: Esomeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin and Bacillus claussi. Eradications of helicobacter pylori infections was obtained in 96% of group patients, in comparation to 80% of group a patients (P = 0,027). The adverse effect most important was diarrhea on the group A. The association of PPI, antibiotics and Bacillus claussi improved the percentage of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection, avoiding the give up of treatment because the presence of adverse effects.

Helicobacter pylori asociado a enfermedad úlcero péptica, hospital de la policia nacional Guayaquil Nº 2 / Helicobacter pylori associated with a peptic ulcer disease, hospital Nº 2 of the national police of Guayaquil

Tipo de estudio: retrospectivo, longitudinal, de enero 1995 a enero del 2000 en el hospital de la Policía Nacional Guayaquil Nº 2. Objetivo: determinar el tipo de lesión más frecuente de la patología ulcero péptica que se asocia a la infección por helicobacter pylori; conocer su incidencia; establecer los grupos de edad, y procedencia más afectada, así como conocer el esquema terapéutico más utilizado contra helicobacter pylori. Resultados: de los 111 pacientes con enfermedad úlcero péptica, 63 casos presentaron tinción de hematoxilina – eosina positiva para helicobacter pylori, constituyendo el 56.7 de todos los casos. La edad más frecuente en la que se presentó la infección por helicobacter pylori fue entre 30 – 39 años, con 29 casos (46). conclusión: la presencia de infección por helicobacter pylori en este estudio no constituyó un factor de riesgo asociado a la aparición de enfermedad úlcero-péptica. El tipo de lesión que con mayor frecuencia se asoció a helicobacter pylori fue la úlcera péptica aislada, seguido por el ulcus péptico asociado a gastritis.

Type of study: retrospective, longitudinal, from January 1995 to january 2000 in the hospital N° 2 of the National Police of Guayaquil. Objective: determine the most frequent type of lesion of peptic ulcer pathology which is associated with the infection by helicobacter pylori; learn about its incidence, establish the most affected age range and origin; as well as, get to know the most used therapeutic scheme against helicobacter pylori. Results: out of the 111 patients with peptic ulcer disease, 63 cases presented positive hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain for helicobacter pylori, representing 56.7 of all the cases. The most frequent age range at which the helicobacter pylori infection was present was between 30-39 with 29 cases (46). Conclusion: the presence of the helicobacter pylori infection in this study did not constitute a risk factor associated with the appearance of a peptic ulcer disease. The type of lesion that was most frequently associated with helicopter pylori was the isolated peptic ulcer, followed by the peptic ulcus associated with gastritis.