National tertiary public hospital performance appraisal: Using FOCUS-PDCA to improve external quality assessment.

PURPOSE: To innovatively use the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement strategy to establish an external quality assessment (EQA) working group to continuously improve EQA performance, an important indicator of the national tertiary public hospital performance appraisal. METHODS: The project was carried out at the National Center for Clinical Laboratories. Using FOCUS-PDCA, which combines problem-focused steps (FOCUS) and improvement steps (PDCA), a project team was established to carry out improvement work. Root cause analysis was carried out to analyze the problems in quality control from EQA project application to results analysis and an improvement plan was implemented according to the steps of FOCUS-PDCA. The project was executed in three cycles from 2019 to 2021 to obtain more satisfactory results. RESULTS: After implementing three cycles of FOCUS-PDCA, the EQA participation rate increased from 66.5% in 2018 to 100% in 2021, and the EQA pass rate increased from 94.9% in 2018 to 99.3% in 2021. Consequently, the hospital moved into the top 50 in performance assessment for the first time in 2020 and ranked 27th in 2021. CONCLUSION: The use of the FOCUS-PDCA quality improvement strategy can improve the EQA performance of national tertiary public hospitals and help them achieve satisfactory results in the national examination.

The effect of human resource development practice on employee performance with the mediating role of job satisfaction among Mizan Tepi University's academic staff in Southwestern Ethiopia.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of human resource development practices on employee performance, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable among academic staff at Mizan Tepi University. Methods: A standardized Likert-scale questionnaire was administered to academic staff members selected through stratified random sampling from eight colleges at Mizan Tepi University. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including a structural equation model and t-tests, were used for data analysis. Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between human resource development practices and employee performance. Job satisfaction was identified as a mediator between HRM practices and employee performance. Specific dimensions of human resource development practices, such as training and development, academic career development, teamwork spirit, and counseling, had significant effects on employee performance, with both positive and negative impacts observed. Additionally, academic career development, succession planning, and counseling were found to have a statistically significant positive effect on the academic staff at Mizan Tepi University. Conclusions: This study found that training and development, academic career development, teamwork, counseling, and job satisfaction significantly impact employee performance. The results of the regression analysis using the SEM model revealed that job satisfaction, training and development, and teamwork positively affect academic staff performance while negatively affecting academic career development and counseling. Academic career development, teamwork, counseling, and succession planning were found to have a positive effect on job satisfaction. The mediation analysis indicated that academic career development and counseling partially mediate employee performance, while succession planning fully mediates it. Therefore, focusing on training and development, performance appraisal, rewards, teamwork, academic career development, succession planning, and counseling is essential to enhancing job satisfaction among academic staff at Mizan Tepi University.

The interplay between ethics, justice, corporate social responsibility, and performance management sustainability.

In the increasingly volatile 21st century globalized and interconnected business landscape, organizations face increasing scrutiny concerning their ethical behavior, social responsibilities, and overall performance. This paper looks at some of the factors that link the notions of ethics, justice, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), with an eye to their theoretical underpinnings and complexities and their relationship to the efficient and sustainable operation of Sustainable Performance Management (with special emphasis on CSR). Drawing on theoretical foundations and empirical evidence, we provide practical recommendations for organizations to promote ethics, justice, CSR, and effective and sustainable performance management. Suggestions include fostering ethical leadership by modeling ethical behavior and promoting ethical decision-making. We believe that the suggested practical measures may bridge the gap between academic perspectives and the practical realities of ensuring favorable, sustainable, work climates and work processes.

Validation and refinement of the "Airman Comprehensive Assessment": Evaluating competency proficiencies of enlisted members.

Beyond proficiency on occupationally specific tasks, the U.S. Air Force expects members to develop proficiency on institutionally valued "soft skill" competencies (e.g., Teamwork, Communication, and Initiative) throughout their careers. As such, all E1-E6 members are annually evaluated using Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) designed to measure such competencies. Despite mandated use, these Airman Comprehensive Assessment (ACA) scales previously have not been empirically evaluated. To address this gap, we surveyed Air Force supervisors, using a criterion-related sampling methodology to validate the behavioral anchors for each scale. Supervisors identified two subordinates of the same rank/career field who they viewed as having (a) high potential for future success in an Air Force career or, alternately, (b) lower potential for future career success and rated each subordinate on the individual behaviors that comprise the 12 scales. ACA items were intermixed with scale items previously identified as distinguishing top performers in civilian organizations. Results demonstrate scale reliability and generally validate the ACA competency scales as stronger differentiators of supervisor-rated career potential than competency scales developed for civilian organizations. We provide recommendations for re-calibration of scale anchors based on the relative percentage of high vs. low potential members that demonstrate each behavior, and suggest changes to improve correspondence between measured competency proficiency and supervisor-rated career potential.

Results of the Last 5 Years (2018-2022) of the Specialist Title Exam of The Brazilian College of Surgeons / Avaliação dos resultados dos últimos 5 anos (2018-2022) da prova do Título de Especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

ABSTRACT The article discusses the evolution of the Brazilian College of Surgeons (CBC) specialist title exam, highlighting the importance of evaluating not only theoretical knowledge, but also the practical skills and ethical behavior of candidates. The test was instituted in 1971, initially with only the written phase, and later included the oral practical test, starting with the 13th edition in 1988. In 2022, the assessment process was improved by including the use of simulated stations in the practical test, with the aim of assessing practical and communication skills, as well as clinical reasoning, in order to guarantee excellence in the assessment of surgeons training. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the performance of candidates in the last five years of the Specialist Title Test and to compare the performance results between the different surgical training groups of the candidates. The results obtained by candidates from the various categories enrolled in the test in the 2018 to 2022 editions were analyzed. There was a clear and statistically significant difference between doctors who had completed three years of residency recognized by the Ministry of Education in relation to the other categories of candidates for the Specialist Title..

RESUMO O artigo aborda a evolução da prova de título de especialista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (CBC), destacando a importância de avaliar não apenas o conhecimento teórico, mas também as habilidades práticas e o comportamento ético dos candidatos. A prova foi instituída em 1971, inicialmente com apenas a fase escrita, e posteriormente foi incluída a prova prática oral, a partir da 13ª edição em 1988. Em 2022, foi aprimorado o processo de avaliação, incluindo na prova prática o uso de estações simuladas, visando avaliar habilidades práticas e de comunicação, além do raciocínio clínico, buscando garantir a excelência da avaliação da formação dos cirurgiões. O objetivo deste estudo é demonstrar o desempenho dos candidatos nos últimos cinco anos da Prova de Título de Especialista e comparar os resultados dos desempenhos entre os diferentes grupos de formação cirúrgica dos candidatos. Foram analisados os resultados obtidos pelos candidatos das diversas categorias inscritas na prova nas edições de 2018 a 2022. Ficou evidente e estatisticamente significativa a diferença entre os médicos que fizeram três anos de residência reconhecida pelo MEC em relação aos demais categorias de candidatos ao Título de Especialista.

Construction of performance management system for pharmacy department of tertiary public hospitals under new situation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for improving the work efficiency of staff and promoting the discipline construction of pharmacy department. METHODS By analyzing the current situation of performance management in the pharmacy department of our hospital， the key successful factors were sorted out， strategic decoding was carried out and key performance indicators were extracted. The quarterly and annual performance appraisal forms were formulated for the departments of pharmacy warehouse， outpatient pharmacy， ward pharmacy， clinical pharmacy department， prescription examination center， laboratory and other departments； the performance management information platform was built. The work efficiency and output of each department were compared half a year before and after the implementation of the performance management plan. RESULTS After the implementation of the program， the average queuing time for drug collection in the outpatient department was shortened from 5 minutes to 3 minutes， the average number of dispensing infusion bags per hour in the pharmacy intravenous admixture services increased from 50 bags to 60 bags， and antibacterial use density of the hospital decreased from 42.7 DDD（defined daily doses） to 40.2 DDD. The number of academic papers published had increased from 8 to 10， and the satisfaction of clinical departments with ward pharmacies increased from 85% to 95%. CONCLUSIONS The performance management system has been successfully established in pharmacy department of our hospital， which can improve the enthusiasm of pharmacists， reflect the value of pharmaceutical care， and promote the discipline construction of pharmacy.

Relación entre las competencias profesionales de los enfermeros en emergencias y el producto del cuidado de enfermería / Relationship between emergency nurses' professional competencies and the Nursing care product / Relação das competências profissionais do enfermeiro em emergência com o produto do cuidar em enfermagem

Objetivo: relacionar las competencias profesionales de los enfermeros de urgencia y emergencia con el producto del cuidado de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en las unidades de urgencia y emergencia de dos hospitales públicos. Participaron 91 enfermeros, 3 residentes de enfermería, 4 coordinadores y 1 gestor. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos validados: 1) Escala de Competencia de las Acciones de los Enfermeros en Emergencias y 2) Evaluación del Producto del Cuidado de Enfermería. Se utilizaron factores y dominios, respectivamente. Se aplicaron estadística descriptiva, alfa de Cronbach, pruebas de Wilcoxon y correlación de Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: para las competencias profesionales se registraron valores más altos en la autoevaluación (p<0,001). En las 1.410 evaluaciones del producto del cuidado de enfermería, prevaleció el puntaje "bueno" (n=1034 - 73,33%). El dominio "dimensionamiento del personal de enfermería" se relacionó con los factores "práctica profesional" r=0,52719, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,54319, "desafío positivo" r=0,51199, "acción dirigida" r=0,43229, "conducta constructiva" r=0,25601 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,22095; el dominio "seguimiento y transferencia del cuidado", con "práctica profesional" r=0,47244, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,46993, "desafío positivo" r=0,41660 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,31905 y el dominio "satisfacción de las necesidades asistenciales", con "práctica profesional" r=0,32933, "relaciones en el trabajo" r=0,31168, "desafío positivo" r=0,29845 y "adaptación al cambio" r=0,28817. Conclusión: hay relación entre las competencias profesionales y los dominios del producto del cuidado de enfermería.

Objective: to relate urgency and emergency nurses' professional competencies with the Nursing care product. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in the urgency and emergency units of two public hospitals. The participants were 91 nurses, 3 Nursing residents, 4 coordinators and 1 manager. Two validated instruments were used: 1) Competence Scale of Actions of Nurses in Emergencies and 2) Nursing Care Product Evaluation. Factors and domains were used, respectively. Descriptive statistics were applied, as well as Cronbach's alpha, Wilcoxon and Spearman's correlation tests (p<0.05). Results: in the professional competencies, higher values were verified for self-evaluation (p<0.001). In all 1,410 Nursing care product assessments, there was predominance of the "Good" score (n=1,034 - 73.33%). The "Nursing staffing" domain was related to the "Professional practice" (r=0.52719), "Relationships at work" (r=0.54319), "Positive challenge" (r=0.51199), "Targeted action" (r=0.43229), "Constructive behavior" (r=0.25601) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.22095) factors; the "Care monitoring and transfer" domain, with "Professional practice" (r=0.47244), "Relationships at work" (r=0.46993), "Positive challenge" (r=0.41660) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.31905) and the "Meeting care needs" domain, with "Professional practice" (r=0.32933), "Relationships at work" (r=0.31168), "Positive challenge" (r=0.29845) and "Adaptation to change" (r=0.28817). Conclusion: there is a relationship between professional competencies and the Nursing care product domains.

Objetivo: relacionar as competências profissionais do enfermeiro em urgência e emergência com o produto do cuidar em enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado nas unidades de urgência e emergência de dois hospitais públicos. Participaram 91 enfermeiros, 3 residentes em enfermagem, 4 coordenadores e 1 gerente. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos validados: 1) Escala de Competências das Ações dos Enfermeiros em Emergências e 2) Avaliação do Produto do Cuidar em Enfermagem. Utilizaram-se fatores e domínios, respectivamente. Aplicaram-se estatística descritiva, alfa de Cronbach, testes Wilcoxon e correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). Resultados: em competências profissionais, verificaram-se maiores valores para autoavaliação (p<0,001). Nas 1.410 avaliações do produto do cuidar em enfermagem, predominou o escore "bom" (n=1034 - 73,33%). O domínio "dimensionamento de pessoal de enfermagem" relacionou-se com os fatores "prática profissional" r=0,52719, "relações no trabalho" r=0,54319, "desafio positivo" r=0,51199, "ação direcionada" r=0,43229, "conduta construtiva" r=0,25601 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,22095; o domínio "acompanhamento e transferência do cuidado", com "prática profissional" r=0,47244, "relações no trabalho" r=0,46993, "desafio positivo" r=0,41660 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,31905 e o domínio "atendimento das necessidades assistenciais", com "prática profissional" r=0,32933, "relações no trabalho" r=0,31168, "desafio positivo" r=0,29845 e "adaptação à mudança" r=0,28817. Conclusão: existe relação entre as competências profissionais e os domínios do produto do cuidar em enfermagem.

[Estudio cuasi-experimental sobre intervenciones enfermeras en la valoración, manejo y prevención del síndrome confusional agudo.] / Quasi-experimental study on nursing interventions in the assessment, management and prevention of acute confusional syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Acute confusional syndrome (ACS) is one of the complications with the highest morbidity and mortality in hospitalization units, but it is a reversible situation if detected early, representing a clear challenge for nursing. The objectives of this study were to assess the interventions carried out by nurses for the identification and non-pharmacological preventive measures applied in acute confusional syndrome and relate them to the years of professional experience and training received. METHODS: A quasi-experimental, prospective and analytical study was carried out through a self-administered structured questionnaire pre-post intervention (extracted from the JBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) on the identification and preventive measures applied in ACS. A total of 520 questionnaires (pre and post assessment) were distributed to nurses from the emergency department and the internal medicine unit of the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain) from January 2021 to April 2022. Statistical analysis carried out with the program Jamovi®2.3.13. RESULTS: 180 correctly completed questionnaires (94 pre and 86 post) were received. For 100%, the ACS supposed an extra workload and significant differences were found between the ability to manage ACS with the years of professional experience (p≤0.028). 97.2% of the nurses applied non-pharmacological interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite being perceived as an extra burden in daily work, nurses perform non-pharmacological prevention for the management of ACS. It is necessary to improve training to provide guidance strategies.

OBJETIVO: El síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) es una de las complicaciones con mayor morbimortalidad en las unidades de hospitalización, pero es una situación reversible si se detecta a tiempo, representando un claro desafío para la enfermería. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron valorar previa y posteriormente las intervenciones realizadas por las enfermeras para la identificación y la adopción de las medidas preventivas no farmacológicas aplicadas en el síndrome confusional agudo, así como relacionarlas con los años de experiencia profesional y la formación recibida. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, prospectivo y analítico a través de cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado pre-post intervención (extraído de la JBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) sobre la identificación y las medidas preventivas aplicadas en el SCA. Se distribuyeron un total de quinientos veinte cuestionarios (valoración pre y post) a enfermeras del servicio de Urgencias y la unidad de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza (Aragón, España) de enero de 2021 a abril de 2022. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programa Jamovi® 2.3.13. RESULTADOS: Se recibieron ciento ochenta cuestionarios cumplimentados correctamente (noventa y cuatro pre y ochenta y seis post). Para el 100%, el SCA supuso una carga de trabajo extra y se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la capacidad de manejo de SCA con los años de experiencia profesional (p≤0,028). El 97,2% de las enfermeras aplicaron intervenciones no farmacológicas. CONCLUSIONES: A pesar de percibirse como una carga extra en el trabajo diario, las enfermeras realizan prevenciones no farmacológicas para el manejo del SCA. Es necesario mejorar la formación para proporcionar estrategias de orientación.

Estudio cuasi-experimental sobre intervenciones enfermeras en la valoración, manejo y prevención del síndrome confusional agudo / Quasi-experimental study on nursing interventions in the assessment, management and prevention of acute confusional syndrome

Fundamentos: El síndrome confusional agudo (SCA) es una de las complicaciones con mayor morbimortalidad en las unidades de hospitalización, pero es una situación reversible si se detecta a tiempo, representando un claro desafío para la enfermería. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron valorar previa y posteriormente las intervenciones realizadas por las enfermeras para la identificación y la adopción de las medidas preventivas no farmacológicas aplicadas en el síndrome confusional agudo, así como relacionarlas con los años de experiencia profesional y la formación recibida. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental, prospectivo y analítico a través de cuestionario estructurado autoadministrado pre-post intervención (extraído de la JBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) sobre la identificación y las medidas preventivas aplicadas en el SCA. Se distribuyeron un total de quinientos veinte cuestionarios (valoración pre y post) a enfermeras del servicio de Urgencias y la unidad de medicina interna del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza (Aragón, España) de enero de 2021 a abril de 2022. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el programaJamovi® 2.3.13. Resultados: Se recibieron ciento ochenta cuestionarios cumplimentados correctamente (noventa y cuatro pre y ochenta y seis post). Para el 100%, el SCA supuso una carga de trabajo extra y se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la capacidad de manejo de SCA con los años de experiencia profesional (p=<0,028). El 97,2% de las enfermeras aplicaron intervenciones no farmacológicas. Conclusiones: A pesar de percibirse como una carga extra en el trabajo diario, las enfermeras realizan prevenciones no farmacológicas para el manejo del SCA. Es necesario mejorar la formación para proporcionar estrategias de orientación.(AU)

Background: Acute confusional syndrome (ACS) is one of the complications with the highest morbidity and mortality in hospitalization units, but it is a reversible situation if detected early, representing a clear challenge for nursing. The objectives of this studywere to assess the interventions carried out by nurses for the identification and non-pharmacological preventive measures applied inacute confusional syndrome and relate them to the years of professional experience and training received.Methods: A quasi-experimental, prospective and analytical study was carried out through a selfdministered structured questionnaire pre-post intervention (extracted from theJBI PACES program-Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System) on the identificationand preventive measures applied in ACS. A total of 520 questionnaires (pre and post assessment) were distributed to nurses from theemergency department and the internal medicine unit of the Miguel Servet University Hospital in Zaragoza (Aragón, Spain) from January2021 to April 2022. Statistical analysis carried out with the programJamovi®2.3.13.Results: 180 correctly completed questionnaires (94 pre and 86 post) were received. For 100%, the ACS supposed an extra workload and significant differences were found between the ability to manage ACS with the years of professional experience (p=<0.028).97.2% of the nurses applied non-pharmacological interventions.Conclusions: Despite being perceived as an extra burden in daily work, nurses perform nonpharmacological prevention for themanagement of ACS. It is necessary to improve training to provide guidance strategies.(AU)

The relationship between performance appraisal interval and employees' proactive working behavior - analysis based on time-gain effect and time-loss effect.

Introduction: Performance appraisal is the most widely motivation means for employees' initiative and work improvement. As a large number of organizations are moving from traditional annual performance appraisal to more frequent appraisals, there is little research to compare the motivational effect of different performance appraisal intervals. Methods: We explore the relationship between performance appraisal interval (PAI) and positive work behavior (PWB) as well as how to improve the relationship between them. Drawing from the psychological momentum (PM) theory, we constructed a model of the dual effect (the time-gain effect and time-loss effect) of PAI on PWB as well as their boundary conditions. Results: A cross-level analysis of 622 employees in 57 teams indicated that: (1) PAI exerted a positive but marginal decreasing effect on delay of gratification (DG), and then increase PWB indirectly (i.e., the time-gain effect). (2) PAI exerted a positive and marginal increasing effect on perceived uncertainty (PU), and then decrease PWB indirectly (i.e., the time-loss effect). (3) According to the additive principle of the benefit and cost proposed by Hanns et al (2016), the addition of the time-gain effect and time-loss effect leads to an inverted U-shape effect of PAI on PWB. (4) Supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) moderated the inverted U-shape effect of PAI on PWB. Discussion: This research enriches the application of PM theory in performance appraisal research, advances employee proactivity research from a perspective of organizations' time mechanisms, and also provides a theoretical basis for leaders to adopt developmental feedback as an optimization strategy.

Síndrome de burnout y desempeño laboral en el sector salud del Perú / Burnout síndrome and work performance in the health sector of Peru / Síndrome de burnout e desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde do Peru

El sector de la salud se encuentra actualmente con una alta demanda de atención tanto en la atención primaria como de emergencia dentro de los centros hospitalario. Por ello, los profesionales de la salud tienen una alta probabilidad de desarrollar cuadros de estrés laboral por las características de su trabajo, y la rapidez en la atención con la cual tienen que lidiar día tras día. Objetivo. Evaluar la relación del síndrome de burnout con el desempeño laboral en el sector salud de Perú. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se estableció bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, de análisis correlacional, con diseño no experimental, de corte transversal. La muestra considerada fue de 75 servidores de salud perteneciente a un centro de salud del territorio peruano; como la técnica se usó encuesta y el instrumento el utilizado fue el cuestionario tipo Likert. Resultados. Se evidencio que un 41,4% los encuestados consideran que existe un alto nivel de síndrome de burnout, y que se tiene un nivel regular de desempeño laboral en un 45,3%, adicionalmente un valor de -0,637 de Rho de Spearman con una significancia de 0,000. Conclusiones. El síndrome de burnout se relaciona de forma negativa moderada con el desempeño laboral en el sector salud del Perú, denotando que en la medida que se tenga un nivel bajo de síndrome de burnout, genera un mejor desempeño laboral y viceversa.

The health sector is currently facing a high demand for care in both primary care and emergency care within hospital centers. Therefore, health professionals have a high probability of developing occupational stress due to the characteristics of their work, and the speed of care with which they have to deal day after day. Objective. To evaluate the relationship between burnout syndrome and work performance in the Peruvian health sector. Materials and methods. The study was established under a quantitative approach, correlational analysis, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample considered was 75 health workers belonging to a health center in Peru; the technique used was a survey and the instrument used was a Likert-type questionnaire. Results. It was found that 41.4% of the respondents consider that there is a high level of burnout syndrome, and that 45.3% have a regular level of work performance, in addition to a value of -0.637 of Spearman's Rho with a significance of 0.000. Conclusions. burnout syndrome is moderately negatively related to work performance in the Peruvian health sector, indicating that the lower the level of burnout syndrome, the better the work performance and vice versa.

Atualmente, o setor de saúde enfrenta uma alta demanda tanto de atendimento primário quanto de atendimento de emergência em hospitais. Como resultado, os profissionais de saúde têm uma alta probabilidade de desenvolver estresse relacionado ao trabalho devido às características de seu trabalho e à velocidade do atendimento com que têm de lidar diariamente. Objetivo. Avaliar a relação entre a síndrome de burnout e o desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde no Peru. Materiais e métodos. O estudo foi realizado com uma abordagem quantitativa, análise correlacional, com um desenho não experimental e transversal. A amostra considerada foi de 75 profissionais de saúde pertencentes a um centro de saúde no Peru; a técnica utilizada foi uma pesquisa e o instrumento utilizado foi um questionário do tipo Likert. Resultados. Verificou-se que 41,4% dos entrevistados consideram que há um alto nível de síndrome de burnout e que 45,3% têm um nível regular de desempenho no trabalho, além de um valor de -0,637 de Spearman's Rho com uma significância de 0,000. Conclusões. A síndrome de burnout está moderadamente relacionada de forma negativa ao desempenho no trabalho no setor de saúde peruano, indicando que quanto menor o nível de síndrome de burnout, melhor o desempenho no trabalho e vice-versa.

Efficient nitrogen removal pathways and corresponding microbial evidence in tidal flow constructed wetlands for saline water treatment.

The artificial tidal wetlands ecosystem was believed to be a useful device in treating saline water, and it played a significant part in global nitrogen cycles. However, limited information is available on nitrogen-cycling pathways and related contributions to nitrogen loss in tidal flow constructed wetlands (TF-CWs) for saline water treatment. This study operated seven experimental tidal flow constructed wetlands to remove nitrogen from saline water at salinities of 0-30‰. Stable and high NH4+-N removal efficiency (∼90.3%) was achieved, compared to 4.8-93.4% and 23.5-88.4% for nitrate and total nitrogen (TN), respectively. Microbial analyses revealed the simultaneous occurrence of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), nitrification and denitrification, contributing to nitrogen (N) loss from the mesocosms. The absolute abundances were 5.54 × 103-8.35 × 107 (nitrogen functional genes) and 5.21 × 107-7.99 × 109 copies/g (16S rRNA), while the related genera abundances ranged from 1.81% to 10.47% (nitrate reduction) and from 0.29% to 0.97% (nitrification), respectively. Quantitative response relationships showed ammonium transformation were controlled by nxrA, hzsB and amoA, and nitrate removal by nxrA, nosZ and narG. Collectively, TN transformation were determined by narG, nosZ, qnorB, nirS and hzsB through denitrification and anammox pathways. The proportion of nitrogen assimilation by plants was 6.9-23.4%. In summary, these findings would advance our understanding of quantitative molecular mechanisms in TF-CW mesocosms for treating nitrogen pollution that caused algal blooms in estuarine/coastal ecosystems worldwide.

Comparativo de indicadores de estrutura das unidades de saúde entre os ciclos de 2013-2018 do PMAQ / Comparison of health facilities structure indicators between the 2013-2018 PMAQ cycles

O Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica foi parte importante do processo de negociação e pactuação das três esferas de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde e objetiva avaliar os resultados da Atenção Básica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como se comportaram os indicadores de estrutura nas Unidades de Saúde brasileiras que participaram do segundo e terceiro ciclo do PMAQ­AB, a fim de compará-los. Trata-se de estudo ecológico transversal, com análise de banco de dados de acesso público dos municípios brasileiros. Os desfechos considerados foram o número de indicadores de estrutura para cada equipe e a variação na quantidade de indicadores de estrutura. O nordeste foi a região com maior adesão de equipes de saúde foi a Nordeste. Entre os indicadores de estrutura, houve melhora significativa na construção de salas de vacina e salas para dispensação de medicamentos.

The National Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Health Care was an important part of the negotiation and agreement process among the three levels of management of the Brazilian Unified Health System, aiming to evaluate theresults of Primary Care.The objective of this study was to evaluate how structure indicators behaved in Brazilian health units that participated in the second and third cycles of the program, in order to discuss the hypothesis that resources produce improvements in structure indicators. This is a cross-sectional ecological study that analyzed publicly available databases of Brazilian municipalities. The outcomes considered were the number of structure indicators for each team and the variation in the quantity of structure indicators.The Northeast region had the highest adherence of health teams. Among the structure indicators, there was a significant improvement in the construction of vaccination rooms and rooms for dispensing medication.

Exploring the merits of research performance measures that comply with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment and strategies to overcome barriers of adoption: qualitative interviews with administrators and researchers.

BACKGROUND: In prior research, we identified and prioritized ten measures to assess research performance that comply with the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment, a principle adopted worldwide that discourages metrics-based assessment. Given the shift away from assessment based on Journal Impact Factor, we explored potential barriers to implementing and adopting the prioritized measures. METHODS: We identified administrators and researchers across six research institutes, conducted telephone interviews with consenting participants, and used qualitative description and inductive content analysis to derive themes. RESULTS: We interviewed 18 participants: 6 administrators (research institute business managers and directors) and 12 researchers (7 on appointment committees) who varied by career stage (2 early, 5 mid, 5 late). Participants appreciated that the measures were similar to those currently in use, comprehensive, relevant across disciplines, and generated using a rigorous process. They also said the reporting template was easy to understand and use. In contrast, a few administrators thought the measures were not relevant across disciplines. A few participants said it would be time-consuming and difficult to prepare narratives when reporting the measures, and several thought that it would be difficult to objectively evaluate researchers from a different discipline without considerable effort to read their work. Strategies viewed as necessary to overcome barriers and support implementation of the measures included high-level endorsement of the measures, an official launch accompanied by a multi-pronged communication strategy, training for both researchers and evaluators, administrative support or automated reporting for researchers, guidance for evaluators, and sharing of approaches across research institutes. CONCLUSIONS: While participants identified many strengths of the measures, they also identified a few limitations and offered corresponding strategies to address the barriers that we will apply at our organization. Ongoing work is needed to develop a framework to help evaluators translate the measures into an overall assessment. Given little prior research that identified research assessment measures and strategies to support adoption of those measures, this research may be of interest to other organizations that assess the quality and impact of research.

Establishment and application of the performance appraisal system for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment in China: A case study in Fujian province.

Purpose: Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, as an important measure and direction for China's medical reform, are conducive to improving the capacity of medical services and the national level of health. In this study, a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment performance evaluation index system is established to identify the effects of different influencing factors on developing hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: In this study, samples collected from 23 representative integrated medical institutions in nine Fujian cities from 2018 to 2020 are taken as subjects. A hierarchical diagnosis and treatment performance appraisal system is established based on the mechanism of research on the operation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. This is combined with the evaluation index system established by the Health Development Research Center, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for the evaluation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment and the construction of the medical treatment alliance, including studies carried out by related scholars. The weight of each evaluation index is determined with the CRITIC method, and the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment effects on 23 subjects are quantitatively evaluated by the Gray correlation method based on the weight of each index. Results: The hierarchical diagnosis and treatment performance evaluation index system is established from three aspects, namely allocation of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment resources, establishment of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment management system, and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment implementation effect; 27 tertiary indexes are formed in total. The Gray correlation of each year in Fujian exceeds 0.5, but <0.53. Conclusion: Gray correlation of each year in Fujian has gradually increased. But there is still room for improvement. The government departments must improve the investment in medical resources with measures adjusted according to local conditions, promote a balanced allocation of resources for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, increase communication and interaction between upper and lower medical institutions, and optimize the allocation of resources for hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Then determine the types of disease to be treated, expand the coverage of chronic disease management, establish standardized chronic disease health management, and strengthen training of health management staff.

Construção e validação de cenário clínico e checklist para avaliação de competências na reanimação cardiopulmonar / Construction and validation of a clinical scenario and checklist for assessing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills / Construcción y validación de un escenario clínico y lista de control para evaluar las competencias en reanimación cardiopulmonar

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar cenário simulado e checklist para avaliação de habilidades no atendimento do paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à Parada Cardiorrespiratória; e testar aplicabilidade à população-alvo, avaliando habilidades e satisfação/autoconfiança com a aprendizagem. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas (desenvolvimento do cenário e checklist, validação por juízes e teste-piloto) no período entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2021, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 14 juízes e 24 estudantes de enfermagem. Resultados: o cenário e checklist alcançaram Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 90. As habilidades foram desenvolvidas adequadamente, com média 4,71 ± 0,24 na escala de satisfação-autoconfiança, e 4,83 ± 0,25 para design da simulação. Conclusão: o cenário poderá contribuir para: aperfeiçoar as atividades educativas na graduação e educação em saúde; e subsidiar estudos futuros, a fim de ampliar a qualidade do atendimento e da assistência ao paciente hemodinamicamente instável com evolução à parada cardiorrespiratória.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate a simulated scenario and checklist to assess skills in the care of hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to Cardiorespiratory Arrest, and to test applicability to the target population, assessing skills and satisfaction/self-confidence with learning. Method: methodological study carried out in three stages (development of the scenario and checklist, validation by judges and pilot test) between April 2020 and September 2021, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fourteen judges and 24 nursing students participated. Results: the scenario and checklist achieved a Content Validity Coefficient greater than 90. The skills were adequately developed, with a mean of 4.71 ± 0.24 on the satisfaction-self-confidence scale, and 4.83 ± 0.25 for simulation design. Conclusion: The scenario may contribute to improving educational activities in undergraduate and health education and subsidize future studies to increase the quality of care and assistance to hemodynamically unstable patients with evolution to cardiac arrest.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar un escenario simulado y una lista de verificación para evaluar las habilidades en la atención de pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a Parada Cardiorrespiratoria; y probar la aplicabilidad a la población objetivo, evaluando las habilidades y la satisfacción/autoconfianza con el aprendizaje. Método: estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas (desarrollo del escenario y lista de verificación, validación por jueces y prueba piloto) entre abril de 2020 y septiembre de 2021, en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaron 14 jueces y 24 estudiantes de enfermería. Resultados: el escenario y la lista de verificación alcanzaron un Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido superior a 90. Las habilidades se desarrollaron adecuadamente, con una media de 4,71 ± 0,24 en la escala de satisfacción-autoconfianza, y de 4,83 ± 0,25 para el diseño de la simulación. Conclusión: el escenario puede contribuir a: mejorar las actividades educativas de pregrado y formación sanitaria; y subvencionar futuros estudios para aumentar la calidad de la atención y asistencia a pacientes hemodinámicamente inestables con evolución a parada cardiaca.

Satisfacción laboral de los académicos de la licenciatura de cirujano dentista de la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México / ob satisfaction of the dental surgeon academics from the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Objetivo : Conocer la satisfacción laboral en los académicos de la licenciatura de Cirujano Dentista del Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México en el período 2019. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal, descriptivo. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 123 académicos, a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario de 20 ítems con respuestas en escala Likert (α de Cronbach 0.845). Resultados : Del total de encuestados, el 45% (55) del sexo masculino, 55% (68) del femenino, con una media de edad de 36.5 (± 9.6) años. El 48% (59) de los académicos se encuentran satisfechos con el trabajo docente que realizan, en contraste, el 25% (31) está muy insatisfechos. Entre los factores que influyen en la insatisfacción se encontró: La carga horaria, sobre todo los que tienen en turno mixto, el poco apoyo que la institución da para estudiar un posgrado, el estrés que conlleva la responsabilidad de supervisar a los estudiantes en el área clínica en la atención a pacientes. La insatisfacción se presenta en mayor proporción en académicos con una edad ≥ 50 años. Conclusiones : Los factores referidos que influyen en la insatisfacción son: el bajo salario, las inadecuadas instalaciones para impartir clase, la falta de apoyo para la capacitación por parte de la institución, el no reconocimiento al trabajo realizado. Llama la atención que, en la licenciatura de Cirujano Dentista donde el trabajo en equipo es de suma importancia, este no se dé o se dé muy pocas veces.

Objective : To know the job satisfaction in the Dental Surgeon academics from the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, during 2019. Methods : Observational, prolective, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The study population consisted of 123 academics, to whom a 20-item questionnaire was applied with responses on the Likert scale (Cronbach's α 0.845). Results : Of the total number of respondents, 45% (55) were male, 55% (68) were female, with a mean age of 36.5 (± 9.6) years. 48% (59) of the academics are satisfied with the teaching work they do, in contrast, 25% (31) are very dissatisfied. Among the factors that influence dissatisfaction, the following was found: The workload, especially those who have a mixed shift, the little support that the institution gives to study a postgraduate course, the stress that comes with the responsibility of supervising students in the area clinic in patient care. Dissatisfaction occurs in a higher proportion in academics aged ≥ 50 years. Conclusions : The referred factors that influence dissatisfaction are: low salary, inadequate facilities to teach classes, lack of support for training by the institution, non-recognition of the work done. It is striking that, in the Dental Surgeon degree where teamwork is of the utmost importance, this does not occur or occurs very rarely.

Conflito distributivo: análise do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) em duas capitais nordestinas / Conflicto distributivo: análisis del Programa de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) en dos capitales del nordeste de Brasil / Distributive conflict: analysis of the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in two Brazilian northeastern capitals

Este artigo analisa a execução do PMAQ-AB a partir de sua contextualização em um cenário político nacional de profundas transformações, desde o reformismo fraco que promoveu lenta extensão de direitos até o contrarreformismo forte da restauração neoliberal. Para debater os elementos relacionados ao trabalho e às disputas pela distribuição dos recursos públicos, foi realizado estudo de caso com trabalhadores, gestores e conselheiros de saúde em duas capitais do nordeste brasileiro. Os resultados evidenciam o acirramento do conflito distributivo e o resultado desfavorável aos trabalhadores no contexto pós-golpe parlamentar de 2016. As dinâmicas locais expõem processos de contração salarial e individualização das relações de trabalho e a reafirmação da meritocracia como justificativa ideológica da precarização. A isso, trabalhadores se contrapõem pela reafirmação de sua condição coletiva de classe, em favor de benefícios derivados do PMAQ, como recomposição salarial para todos.(AU)

Este artículo analiza la realización del PMAQ-AB a partir de su contextualización en un escenario político nacional de profundas transformaciones, desde el reformismo débil que promovió una lenta extensión de derechos contra el reformismo fuerte de la restauración neoliberal. Para discutir los elementos relacionados al trabajo y a las disputas por la distribución en los recursos públicos se realizó un estudio de caso con trabajadores, gestores y consejeros de salud en dos capitales del nordeste brasileño. Los resultados ponen en evidencia el recrudecimiento del conflicto distributivo y el resultado desfavorable para los trabajadores en el contexto post-golpe parlamentario de 2016. Las dinámicas locales exponen procesos de contracción salarial e individualización de las relaciones de trabajo y la reafirmación de la meritocracia como justificativa ideológica de la precarización. A eso se contraponen los trabajadores por medio de la reafirmación de su condición colectiva de clase, en favor del beneficio derivado del PMAQ con la recomposición salarial para todos.(AU)

This article analyzes the implementation of the Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) in the context of a national political scenario of deep transformations, from the weak reformism that promoted slow extension of rights to the strong counter-reformism of neoliberal restoration. It is a case study with health workers, managers, and counselors in two capital cities in northeastern Brazil, discussing matters of work and distributive disputes of public resources. Results show the intensification of these conflicts in health and the unfavorable outcome for workers after the parliamentary coup in 2016 political context. Local dynamics expose the wage contraction and individualization of labor relations and the reassertion of meritocracy as an ideological ground for precariousness. Workers oppose this, reaffirming their collective class condition, favoring the benefit derived from PMAQ for fully regaining their group wages.(AU)

Exploration and practice of rational drug use control mechanism based on performance appraisal / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To further improve the rational drug use control mechanism based on performance appraisal， explore new paths of pharmaceutical care and promote the rational clinical drug use management to deepen development. METHODS The reform of pharmaceutical management system in our hospital was performed through implementing the “ten-point system of prescription behavior management”， supplemented by the two carriages of “strengthening prescription review” and “standardizing clinical medication”. By implementing a number of auxiliary measures such as man-machine integration pre-prescription review， improving pharmacists’ prescription review ability， optimizing prescription review mechanism in real time， regulating physicians’ off-label drug use behavior， and improving drug evaluation mechanism， pre-control and in-process intervention were completed. The evaluation results were incorporated into performance assessment by referring to the “ten-point system of prescription behavior management”， so as to realize multi-dimensional and fully closed-loop rational drug use management. The effects of management were evaluated by comparing the statistical results of related indexes before and after the management. RESULTS Compared with before management， irrational rate of prescriptions and medical orders in our hospital in 2022 decreased significantly， compared to the same period in 2020； the irrational rate of inpatient medical orders decreased from 5.00% in 2020 to 2.69% in 2022， and that of outpatient prescriptions decreased from 4.59% to 2.48%； the frequency of communication between clinical pharmacists and physicians increased； the times of clinical consultations increased from 16 to 58， and doctors’ acceptance of intervention for irrational drug use had improved from 52％ to 87％ ； physicians had a deeper understanding and recognition of clinical pharmaceutical care， the awareness of clinical rational drug use had been significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS The rational drug use control mechanism guided by performance appraisal further standardizes the issuance of prescriptions and medical orders， and makes physician-pharmacist cooperation more prominent， so as to realize the closed-loop pharmaceutical management of “pre- review， in-process supervision and post-evaluation”， and promote rational drug use in clinical practice.

Practice of promoting high-quality development in a children′s hospital using public hospital performance appraisal as a key point / 中华医院管理杂志

The performance appraisal of tertiary public hospitals is key to their high-quality development. Since 2019, Children′s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine has taken the following measures to leverage performance appraisal. Namely promoting medical technology innovation to enhance the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of difficult and critical diseases; Reasonably setting a target system, improving the performance appraisal mechanism of the hospital; Improving operational efficiency, enhancing the sense of gain by children patients; Building a high-quality talent pool, promoting sustainable development, and effectively promoting high-quality development of hospitals. These measures can provide reference for promoting the high-quality development of hospitals.