[Application of single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical trials].

Due to various constraints, such as clinical implementation conditions and unique characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-moxibustion still suffer from relatively low quality and limited applicability. The single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal can be considered as an ideal supplementary and alternative research approach to RCTs. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research is explored from the limitations of conducting acupuncture-moxibustion RCTs, the principles, the essential design considerations and key statistical steps. In addition, illustrative examples are provided. The objective is to offer insights into resolving practical difficulties in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research.

Application of single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical trials / 中国针灸

Due to various constraints, such as clinical implementation conditions and unique characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion, some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture-moxibustion still suffer from relatively low quality and limited applicability. The single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal can be considered as an ideal supplementary and alternative research approach to RCTs. In this paper, the feasibility of applying the single-arm objective performance criteria/performance goal in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research is explored from the limitations of conducting acupuncture-moxibustion RCTs, the principles, the essential design considerations and key statistical steps. In addition, illustrative examples are provided. The objective is to offer insights into resolving practical difficulties in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research.

The impact of fear of losing out (FoLO) on college students' performance goal orientations and learning strategies in Singapore.

The current research investigated the influence of the Fear of Losing Out (FoLO) mindset on learning strategy via performance goal orientation and its interaction with social comparison amongst Singaporean college students. In Study 1, a positive relationship between FoLO and performance goal orientations (i.e., avoidance and approach) was found. Study 2 replicated this finding and further revealed a downstream effect of FoLO on surface learning via performance goal orientations. In addition, social comparison moderated the link between performance goal orientation and surface learning in the mediation model. Specifically, in downward social comparison conditions, FoLO facilitated high performance-avoidance goal orientation, which in turn led to higher surface learning. Comparatively, in upward social comparison conditions, FoLO incited high performance-approach goal orientation, which in turn led to lower surface learning. Taken together, the findings yield significant theoretical and practical implications of FoLO on college students' goal orientations and learning outcomes.

Leveraging real-world evidence for determining performance goals for medical device studies.

Performance goals are numerical target values pertaining to effectiveness or safety endpoints in single-arm medical device clinical studies. Typically, performance goals are determined at the planning stage of the investigational study under consideration based on summarized outcome information from existing relevant clinical trials. In recent years, there is a growing interest in leveraging real-world evidence in medical product development. In this article, we introduce a new method for proposing performance goals by leveraging real-world evidence. The method applies entropy balancing to address possible patient dissimilarities between the study's target patient population and existing real-world patients, and can take into account operation differences between clinical studies and real-world clinical practice. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate how to implement the proposed method for performance goal determination while leveraging real-world evidence.

A Class Practice Study of Intervention Effect of Interactive Assessment on Learning Goal Orientation.

While focusing on the moderating effects of initial performance-approach goal orientation and performance-avoidance goal orientation, this study aimed to examine the effects of self- and peer-assessment on the growth of learning goal orientation. We set up a control group and two experimental groups (self-assessment and peer-assessment groups) and conducted experimental lessons. The responses of the 63 subjects (control group: n = 14; self-assessment group: n = 25; peer-assessment group: n = 24) who attended these lessons were analyzed. The following observations were made: (1) the effect of peer-assessment on the growth of learning goal orientation may change depending on the initial performance-approach goal orientation or performance-avoidance goal orientation; (2) to increase learning goal orientation for students who have high performance-approach goal orientation or low performance-avoidance goal orientation, peer-assessment is effective; and (3) to increase learning goal orientation for students who have low performance-approach goal orientation or high performance-avoidance goal orientation, peer-assessment appears to be counterproductive.

Treatment of Femoropopliteal Lesions With the BioMimics 3D Vascular Stent System: Two-Year Results From the MIMICS-2 Trial.

PURPOSE: To report the safety and effectiveness outcomes through 2 years of the BioMimics 3D Vascular Stent System in the treatment of symptomatic patients with atherosclerotic femoropopliteal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The tubular, nitinol BioMimics 3D stent, which was designed to impart a helical shape to the arterial segment, was implanted in 271 patients (mean age 68.4±9.5 years; 180 men) with de novo femoropopliteal lesions enrolled at 43 investigational sites [31 US (n=162), 6 German (n=78), and 6 Japanese (n=31)] in the prospective, single-arm MIMICS-2 investigational device exemption trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02400905) between June 2015 and October 2016. Mean lesion length was 81.2±38.4 mm, 30.0% of patients had total occlusions, and 45.9% had moderate to severe calcification. Primary safety and effectiveness endpoints were compared at 1 year with prespecified objective performance goals (OPGs) set by the VIVA Physicians organization. Outcomes through 2 years are reported. RESULTS: The primary effectiveness endpoint of 12-month primary stent patency was met by 182 of 249 patients (73.1%, 95% CI 67.3% to 78.2%), exceeding the OPG of 66%. The primary safety endpoint of 30-day freedom from major adverse events (MAEs) was met in 268 of 269 patients (99.6%, 95% CI 97.7% to 100%), exceeding the OPG of 88%. Kaplan-Meier estimates of freedom from loss of primary patency were 83.1% at 12 months and 70.2% at 24 months, freedom from MAEs estimates were 86.9% at 12 months and 79.2% at 24 months, and freedom from clinically-driven target lesion revascularization estimates were 88.0% at 12 months and 83.0% at 24 months. At 24 months, 88.2% of patients showed improvement of ≥1 Rutherford category; the ankle-brachial index was >0.9 for 64.4% vs 11.3% at baseline. There were no cases of stent fracture. CONCLUSION: Through 24 months, the BioMimics 3D Vascular Stent System provided safe and effective treatment for femoropopliteal lesions in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

How and When Telework Improves Job Performance During COVID-19? Job Crafting as Mediator and Performance Goal Orientation as Moderator.

PURPOSE: Literature shows that it is a paradox whether employees can achieve performance in telework, especially during COVID-19. Our aim is to clarify the relationship between telework and employees' job performance through a moderated mediation model. METHODS: This study employed two-wave surveys with the aim of reducing the potential risk of common method bias. The 1309 participants of the survey were mainly employees who used telework during COVID-19, and they were mostly in positions such as product design and scheme planning. SEM was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS: Results from two-wave surveys of 1309 Chinese employees indicated that telework positively influenced job performance via job crafting. That is, job crafting played a mediating role between telework and job performance. And performance-prove goal orientation positively moderated the relationship between telework and job crafting but performance-avoid goal orientation negatively moderated the relationship between them. CONCLUSION: This study shows that telework can improve job performance through job crafting in COVID-19, in response to the paradox implied in the literature. In addition, we use COR theory to explain the role of performance goal orientation and job crafting in telework. We add these variables to the theoretical framework of COR theory, thereby enriching the theoretical research from the COR theory perspective.

Avaliação da motivação para a escrita: adaptação portuguesa de um questionário multifatorial / Assessing writing motivation: a portuguese adaptation of a multicomponent measure / Evaluación de la motivación para la escritura: adaptación portuguesa de un cuestionario multifactorial

Muitos estudos sugerem a existência de uma relação recíproca entre escrita e motivação. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi o de validar um questionário que permita avaliar a autoeficácia, os objetivos, as crenças e as atitudes em relação à escrita. Foi conduzida uma análise fatorial através de uma análise de componentes principais. Para a autoeficácia, foram encontrados fatores para as tarefas e para as estratégias. Para os objetivos, um fator de mestria e outro de desempenho ou resultado. Para as crenças, um fator relacionado com o conteúdo e outro com as convenções. Para as atitudes, um único fator. O presente questionário revela-se fundamental para a investigação a se desenvolver futuramente sobre as relações entre a escrita e a motivação.

A large corpus of empirical evidence suggests a reciprocal relation between writing and motivation. The main goal of the current study was to validate a questionnaire that is able to measure self-efficacy, goal orientation, beliefs, and affect towards writing. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted using principal components analysis (PCA). Concerning self-efficacy, factors were found for writing tasks and for writing strategies. As for goal orientation, factors were found for mastery and for performance. For beliefs, factors were found for beliefs related with content and with linguistic conventions. A single factor was found for affect. The multifactorial motivation measure developed in the present study will be essential in future research aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationship between writing and motivation.

Muchos estudios sugieren la existencia de una relación recíproca entre la escritura y la motivación. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue validar un cuestionario que permita evaluar la autoeficacia, objetivos, creencias y actitudes hacia la escritura. Se realizó un análisis factorial a través de un análisis de componentes principales. Para la autoeficacia, se encontraron factores para las tareas y estrategias. Para los objetivos, se encontró un factor de aprendizaje y otro factor de desempeño o de resultado. Para las creencias, un factor se relaciona con el contenido y el otro con las convenciones. Para las actitudes, un único factor. Este cuestionario es fundamental para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones sobre la relación entre escritura y motivación.

Overcoming the Shadow of Expertise: How Humility and Learning Goal Orientation Help Knowledge Leaders Become More Flexible.

Although experts are valuable assets to organizations, they suffer from the curse of knowledge and cognitive entrenchment, which prevents them from being able to adapt to changing situational demands. In this study, I propose that experts' performance goal orientation resulting from pressures to perform contributes to their flexibility, but this mechanism can be moderated by learning goal orientation and humility. Data from a small sample of healthcare professionals suggested that performance goal orientation partially explained the mechanism of why experts may be inflexible. Humility, both as self-report and other-report measures, was found to be the most consistent moderator of this indirect effect. Experts with low levels of humility suffered from the negative effects of performance goal orientation, leading them to be less flexible compared to their counterparts with higher levels of humility. Experts who reported high levels of humility, on the other hand, were perceived to be more flexible as their expertise increased. Meanwhile, learning goal orientation partially moderated the indirect effect of expertise on flexibility through performance goal orientation. These findings lead to new conversations on how to get experts unstuck and highlight the importance of developing humility as both a personal virtue and a strategic advantage for organizations.

Safety-Specific Leadership, Goal Orientation, and Near-Miss Recognition: The Cross-Level Moderating Effects of Safety Climate.

Near-miss recognition is an increasingly important area of research in safety management. Drawing on the self-determination theory, we ask whether and how safety-specific transformational leadership and safety-specific active transactional leadership promote near-miss recognition. We also explore the boundary condition by focusing on the moderating role of safety climate. We analyzed time-lagged data from 370 participants, and found that safety-specific transformational leadership enhances employees' near-miss recognition (by enhancing their learning goal orientation), and that safety-specific active transactional leadership also positively influences employees' near-miss recognition (by stimulating their performance goal orientation). In addition, we show that safety climate strengthens the relationship between safety-specific transactional leadership and employees' performance goal orientation, but does not affect the relationship between safety-specific transformational leadership and employees' learning goal orientation. We discuss the implications and limitations of the research.

Motivational Orientations and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: The Moderator Role of Perceived Discrimination in the Brexit Context.

The current study aims to explain how motivational orientations influence organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through organizational identification considering the moderator effect of perceived discrimination. A sample of 286 Spanish immigrants in the United Kingdom was included. Main conclusions support that learning orientation shows a significant direct relation with OCB. Both performance and performance-avoid goal orientation have a statistically significant impact on OCB, and this impact is mediated by organizational identification and moderated by perceived discrimination. The practical implications of the study and its possible limitations are discussed.

Shared Leadership Improves Team Novelty: The Mechanism and Its Boundary Condition.

Previous research has revealed the significant impact of shared leadership on team creativity, yet the mechanism underlying this relationship has rarely been investigated. The current research examined how shared leadership influenced team creativity (novelty and usefulness) across 3 studies using both long-term project teams and temporal task teams in the laboratory. The results showed that shared leadership enhanced the novelty dimension of team creativity by improving constructive controversy. Furthermore, team goal orientation moderated this effect. The indirect effect of constructive controversy holds for teams with learning goal orientation but not for those with performance goal orientation. Such patterns were not found in the usefulness dimension of team creativity.

Point-of-care testing and INR within-subject variation in patients receiving a constant dose of vitamin K antagonist.

Many patients treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) determine their INR using point-of-care (POC) whole blood coagulation monitors. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the INR within-subject variation in self-testing patients receiving a constant dose of VKA. The second aim of the study was to derive INR imprecision goals for whole blood coagulation monitors. Analytical performance goals for INR measurement can be derived from the average biological within-subject variation. Fifty-six Thrombosis Centres in the Netherlands were invited to select self-testing patients who were receiving a constant dose of either acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon for at least six consecutive INR measurements. In each patient, the coefficient of variation (CV) of INRs was calculated. One Thrombosis Centre selected regular patients being monitored with a POC device by professional staff. Sixteen Dutch Thrombosis Centres provided results for 322 selected patients, all using the CoaguChek XS. The median within-subject CV in patients receiving acenocoumarol (10.2 %) was significantly higher than the median CV in patients receiving phenprocoumon (8.6 %) (p = 0.001). The median CV in low-target intensity acenocoumarol self-testing patients (10.4 %) was similar to the median CV in regular patients monitored by professional staff (10.2 %). Desirable INR analytical imprecision goals for POC monitoring with CoaguChek XS in patients receiving either low-target intensity acenocoumarol or phenprocoumon were 5.1 % and 4.3 %, respectively. The approximate average value for the imprecision of the CoaguChek XS, i. e. 4 %, is in agreement with these goals.

Estudos psicométricos da escala de motivação para a aprendizagem de universitários / Psychometric study of the university's learning motivation scale

Este estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade, por meio da análise da estrutura interna dos itens, para a Escala de Motivação para a Aprendizagem de Universitários e investigar a consistência interna e diferenças em relação às variáveis sexo, faixa etária e área do conhecimento. Participaram 429 alunos, de uma universidade particular do interior paulista, com idade entre 18 a 44 anos. O instrumento utilizado foi a Escala de Motivação para a Aprendizagem de Universitários. Os resultados apontaram o agrupamento dos itens da escala em três fatores, correspondentes à meta performance-evitação, performance-aproximação e aprender, que explicaram 39,41% da variância. A consistência interna dos três fatores variou de 0,72 a 0,83. Na comparação entre metas e sexo verificou-se uma diferença significativa na meta performance-aproximação. Quanto à faixa etária houve diferença na meta aprender. Os resultados mostraram índices aceitáveis de validade e precisão, no entanto, novos estudos são necessários para ampliar o conhecimento sobre as características psicométricas da escala.(AU)

This study objective was to search evidence of validity by items internal structure analysis to the University's Learning Motivation Scale, as well as to investigate the internal consistency and differences between gender, age and area of expertise. The participants consisted of 429 students from a private university in São Paulo, with ages ranging from 18 to 44. The instrument used was the University's Learning Motivation Scale. The results showed that the scale items got into three factors, which are performance-avoidance goal, performance-approach goal and learning goal. These factors, explained 39.41% of the scale variance. The three factors' internal consistency ranged from 0.72 to 0.83. Comparing goals in relation to gender the findings showed a significant difference in performance-approach goal. Related to age there was differences found in learning goal. These results showed that the levels of validity and reliability are acceptable, however, further studies are needed to increase knowledge about the scale psychometric characteristics.(AU)

Estudos psicométricos da escala de motivação para a aprendizagem de universitários / Psychometric study of the university's learning motivation scale

Este estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências de validade, por meio da análise da estrutura interna dos itens, para a Escala de Motivação para a Aprendizagem de Universitários e investigar a consistência interna e diferenças em relação às variáveis sexo, faixa etária e área do conhecimento. Participaram 429 alunos, de uma universidade particular do interior paulista, com idade entre 18 a 44 anos. O instrumento utilizado foi a Escala de Motivação para a Aprendizagem de Universitários. Os resultados apontaram o agrupamento dos itens da escala em três fatores, correspondentes à meta performance-evitação, performance-aproximação e aprender, que explicaram 39,41% da variância. A consistência interna dos três fatores variou de 0,72 a 0,83. Na comparação entre metas e sexo verificou-se uma diferença significativa na meta performance-aproximação. Quanto à faixa etária houve diferença na meta aprender. Os resultados mostraram índices aceitáveis de validade e precisão, no entanto, novos estudos são necessários para ampliar o conhecimento sobre as características psicométricas da escala.

This study objective was to search evidence of validity by items internal structure analysis to the University's Learning Motivation Scale, as well as to investigate the internal consistency and differences between gender, age and area of expertise. The participants consisted of 429 students from a private university in São Paulo, with ages ranging from 18 to 44. The instrument used was the University's Learning Motivation Scale. The results showed that the scale items got into three factors, which are performance-avoidance goal, performance-approach goal and learning goal. These factors, explained 39.41% of the scale variance. The three factors' internal consistency ranged from 0.72 to 0.83. Comparing goals in relation to gender the findings showed a significant difference in performance-approach goal. Related to age there was differences found in learning goal. These results showed that the levels of validity and reliability are acceptable, however, further studies are needed to increase knowledge about the scale psychometric characteristics.