Demandas e recursos para predição da síndrome de burnout em psicólogos clínicos / Demands and resources for burnout syndrome on clinical psychologists / Demandas y recursos para la predicción del síndrome de burnout en psicólogos clínicos

O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)

The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)

Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)

Estilo personal del terapeuta en psicólogos pasantes en proyecto piloto en universidad Santo Tomás, sede la Serena / Personal style of the therapist in psychologists in basic intervention skills training: a pilot project at university Santo Tomas, la Serena

La presente investigación presenta la relación entre el proceso formativo en entrenamiento de habilidades básicas de intervención y el estilo personal del terapeuta (EPT), en un grupo de 10 pasantes en el Centro de Atención Psicológica CAPS La Serena, Psicólogas/os egresadas/os en el 2018 de la carrera de Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede La Serena. El diseño del estudio es preexperimental de tipo longitudinal, con aplicación pre o post, con el cuestionario del estilo personal del terapeuta o EPT-C (Fernández Álvarez, Garcia, LoBianco y Corbella, 2003), instrumento autoadministrado con 36 afirmaciones en una escala Likert del 1 al 7 según el grado de acuerdo, que permite un análisis multidimensional de las funciones del constructo EPT, instruccional, atencional, expresiva, operacional e involucración. Se describen los resultados de la aplicación EPT-C pre y post entrenamiento, en tanto, no se observan cambios significativos en la muestra.

This research introduces the relationship between the formative process in basic intervention skills training and the Personal Style of the Therapist (PST) in a group of 10 interns at the Centro de Atención Psicológica CAPS, La Serena. The interns are psychologists who graduated from the psychology career of the Universidad Santo Tomás in 2018, La Serena campus. This study has a pre-experimental and longitudinal design, with pre-test or post-test application. The Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire or PST-Q (Fernández Álvarez, Garcia, LoBianco and Corbella, 2003) was used as a self-administered instrument with 36 responses on a Likert-type scale from 1 to 7 according to the level of agreement, which allows multidimensional analysis of the functions of the PST construct: instructional, attentional, expressive, operational and involvement. The result describes the pre and post-training PST-Q application with no significant changes in the sample.

Comparación del estilo personal del terapeuta y dimensiones de personalidad antes y después de las prácticas clínicas pre-profesionales en estudiantes de psicología / Comparison of Therapist Personal Style and Personality Dimensions before and after pre-professional clinical practice in psychology students

En los últimos años, se ha formado un cuerpo creciente de investigación sobre el estilo personal del terapeuta, entendido como un modo propio y personal de ejercer en la clínica (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Su profundización ha permitido conocer cómo se asocia con el ámbito de trabajo, la línea teórica y la personalidad. No obstante, pocos son los estudios que han investigado este constructo en estudiantes. Por tanto, se pretende evaluar si existen modificaciones en el estilo y en la personalidad tras el entrenamiento clínico en la carrera de grado, y analizar las relaciones entre ambos aspectos. Se trabajó con 77 estudiantes del último año de psicología, que fueron evaluados antes y después de sus prácticas pre-profesionales clínicas con el Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) y el Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). Los resultados apuntan a un aumento de la cercanía emocional y una menor rigidez en el encuadre terapéutico, así como un incremento de la sociabilidad y de la estabilidad emocional luego de las prácticas. El modo en que se relacionan estos factores presenta variaciones respecto estudios con terapeutas en ejercicio, lo que da cuenta de que existen importantes diferencias entre ambos grupos

In recent years, a growing body of research has been conducted on the personal style of the therapist, understood as a personal way of practising in the clinic (Fernández-Álvarez & García, 1998). Its deepening has allowed us to know how it is associated with the field of work, the theoretical line and personality. However, few studies have investigated this construct in students. Therefore, the aim was to assess whether there are modifications in style and personality after undergraduate clinical training and to analyse the relationships between both aspects. We worked with 77 final-year psychology students assessed before and after their pre-professional clinical practice with the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) and the Big Five Inventory (John, 1990). The results point to an increase in emotional closeness and less rigidity in the therapeutic setting and an increase in sociability and emotional stability after the internship. The relations among these factors show variations regarding studies with practising therapists, which shows that there are essential differences between the two groups

Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, en terapeutas que desempeñan la profesión en Uruguay, con distintos grados de experiencia y que adscriben a dos orientaciones teórico-técnicas (Psicoanalítica-Cognitiva) / Personal Style of the Therapist, in therapists who practice the profession in Uruguay, with different degrees of experience and who ascribe to two theoretical-technical orientations (Psychoanalytic-Cognitive)

El propósito de esta investigación es comparar las diferencias en las funciones que conforman el Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (EPT), en terapeutas de Uruguay, que poseen distintos grados de experiencia y que adscriben a diferentes orientaciones teórico- técnicas: Psicoanalítica y Cognitiva. Se administró el cuestionario del EPT (EPT-C; Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) a 65 terapeutas uruguayos, con una media de edad de 36.5 (DS ± 9.6) y una media de años de experiencia en psicoterapia de 8.6 (DS ± 7.7). En relación a la experiencia, encontramos que no existen diferencias significativas en el EPT entre terapeutas noveles y experimentados. Sí surgen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el EPT de las diferentes perspectivas estudiadas. Los terapeutas que adscriben a la perspectiva cognitiva se describen con una atención focalizada, más próximos en lo expresivo y más pautados en la función operativa que los terapeutas que adhieren a la perspectiva psicoanalítica

The purpose of this research is to compare the differences in the functions that make up the Personal Style of the Therapist (PST), which are present in Uruguayan therapists who have different degrees of experience and who ascribe to different theoretical-technical orientations: Psychoanalytic and Cognitive. The PST questionnaire (EPT-C, Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2003) was applied to 65 Uruguayan therapists, with an average age of 36.5 (SD ± 9.6) and an average experience in psychotherapy of 8.6 years (SD ± 7.7). We found that there are no significant differences in the PST between beginners and experienced therapists regarding their experience. However, there are statistically significant differences in the PST of the different perspectives analyzed. Therapists who ascribe to the cognitive perspective are described with a focused attention, with a closer, expressive and more guided in the operative function than the therapists who adhere to the psychoanalytic perspective

Personal style of the therapist and personality dimensions in a sample of Argentinian therapists.

The Personal Style of the Therapist (PST) is an important aspect to assess in the therapeutic process. Previous research has explored therapist's profiles and their differences according to a variety of theoretical orientations, as well as the association between these profiles and personality traits. This study aims to put together these lines of research through a cluster analysis. The specific goals were to describe the profiles of therapists with respect to the functions of the PST and personality traits; and to analyze whether the professionals' profiles and their theoretical orientations were related. The sample was comprised of 546 Argentinian therapists. The Personal Style of the Therapist Questionnaire (PST-Q) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI) were used as measuring instruments. Using the methodology of hierarchical analysis based on a cluster analysis integrating the five factors of the PST, a four-cluster solution was confirmed to be the most satisfactory. Subsequently, a cluster analysis of k-means based on the five factors of each test (PST-Q and BFI) was performed. Finally, the relationship between the clusters and theoretical orientation and years of clinical practice was assessed, rendering positive outcomes. The results are discussed based on previous research studies and the significance of studying the therapist's personal variables and their connection with psychotherapy efficacy.

Relations among psychotherapists' epistemic orientation, personal style and emotion regulation / Relações entre a orientação epistêmica, o estilo pessoal e a regulação emocional de psicoterapeutas

Abstract The main objective of this study was to examine the relations among psychotherapists' epistemic orientation (i.e., intuitive, empiricist, and rationalist), personal style and emotion regulation strategies. Participants in the study were 674 psychotherapists of different theoretical approaches, who completed an online questionnaire containing measures of epistemic orientation, personal style, and emotion regulation strategies. Psychotherapists profiled as predominantly intuitive tended towards broader attention and greater emotional closeness as compared to those profiled as predominantly rationalist or empiricist. Furthermore, they also reported using more strategies for increasing the effects of positive emotions than rationalists. Implications for training, practice and therapist well-being are discussed.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi examinar as relações entre a orientação epistêmica (i.e., intuitiva, empiricista e racionalista), o estilo pessoal e as estratégias de regulação emocional de psicoterapeutas. Participaram do estudo 674 psicoterapeutas de diferentes abordagens teóricas, os quais responderam a um questionário online contendo medidas de orientação epistêmica, estilo pessoal e estratégias de regulação emocional. Os terapeutas predominantemente intuitivos apresentaram uma maior tendência à abertura da atenção e à proximidade emocional quando comparados aos terapeutas predominantemente empiricistas ou racionalistas. Além disso, relataram usar mais estratégias para o aumento dos efeitos das emoções positivas do que os racionalistas. Discutem-se implicações para a formação, prática e bem-estar pessoal do psicoterapeuta.

Cuestionario de estilo personal del terapeuta: Análisis factorial confirmatorio de modelos rivales con psicoterapeutas Argentinos / Personal style of the therapist questionnaire: confirmatory factor analysis with Argentinian psychotherapist

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de cinco versiones distintas del Cuestionario de Estilo Personal del Terapeuta (ETP-C), el cual indaga cinco funciones de la actividad terapéutica: Atencional (búsqueda de información), Operativa (intervenciones terapéuticas), Instruccional (establecimiento del encuadre terapéutico), Expresiva (grado de expresividad emocional) y de Involucración (compromiso). Para este estudio participaron 471 terapeutas de Argentina, quienes completaron la versión original del ETP-C, compuesta por 36 ítems. Luego se compararon los indicadores de ajuste de los cinco modelos disponibles del cuestionario. Se obtuvo que la versión portuguesa del EPT-C compuesto por 20 ítems, es el que mejores indicadores de ajuste presenta a pesar de que la confiabilidad del mismo no fue satisfactoria. Se discuten implicaciones teóricas y prácticas para la investigación en psicoterapia.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the psychometric properties of five different versions of the Personal Style Therapist Questionnaire (PST-Q), which evaluate five functions of therapeutic activity: Attentional (seeking information), Operational (therapeutic interventions), Instructional (establishment of the therapeutic setting), Expressive (degree of emotional expressiveness) and Involvement (commitment).471 therapist participate in this study, who completed the original version of the PST-Q, consisting of 36 items. Adjustment indicators of the five models PST-Q available were then compared. As a result, the version of the PST-Q with best adjustment indicator was the Portuguese one made of 20 items, although the reliability was not satisfactory. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed for psychotherapy research.