Subjective memory complaints in young people; their relationship withobjective cognitive performance and the role of neuroticism / Quejas subjetivas de memoria en jóvenes; su relación con el rendimiento cognitivo objetivo y el papel del neuroticismo

Las percepciones de olvidos recurrentes o episodios de distracción en la vida diaria se denominan quejas subjetivas de memoria (QSM). Su naturaleza se ha estudiado ampliamente en adultos mayores, pero su importancia y relación con el rendimiento neurocognitivo no se han abordado por completo en adultos más jóvenes. Se han sugerido algunos rasgos psicológicos como posibles moderadores de la asociación entre el rendimiento de la memoria objetiva y subjetiva. El primer objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la correspondencia entre la percepción objetiva y subjetiva de los fallos de memoria en jóvenes. En segundo lugar, estudiamos si el rasgo psicológico del neuroticismo podría estar influyendo en esta relación. Para ello, medimos QSM, diferentes dominios cognitivos (memoria episódica y de trabajo y funciones ejecutivas) y neuroticismo en 80 hombres y mujeres jóvenes. Los resultados mostraron que solo la memoria episódica inmediata estaba estadísticamente relacionada con los QSM. Curiosamente, las relaciones negativas entre el rendimiento de la memoria objetiva y subjetiva solo aparecieron en participantes con mayor neuroticismo. Por lo tanto, las quejas de memoria reportadas por los jóvenes podrían reflejar un peor rendimiento de la memoria episódica inmediata, mientras que el neuroticismo jugaría un papel principal en la asociación entre los déficits de memoria y las QSM. Este estudio proporciona datos que pueden ayudar a comprender mejor las QSM en los jóvenes.(AU)

Perceptions of recurrent forgetfulness or episodes of distraction in daily life are referred to as subjective memory complaints (SMCs). Their nature has been extensively studied in older adults, but their significance and relationship with neurocognitive performance have not been fully ad-dressed in younger adults. Some psychological traits have been suggested as possible moderators of the association between objective and subjective memory performance. The first aim of this study was to analyze the corre-spondence between the objective and subjective perception of memory failures in young people. Second, we studied whether the psychological trait of neuroticism could be influencing this relationship. Todo this, we measured SMCs, different cognitive domains (episodic and working memory and executive functions), and neuroticism in 80 young men and women. Results showed that only immediate episodic memory was statisti-cally related to SMCs. Interestingly, the negative relationships between ob-jective and subjective memory performance only appeared in participants with higher neuroticism. Thus, memory complaints reported by young people could reflect poorer immediate episodic memory performance, whereas neuroticism would play a main role in the association between memory deficits and SMCs. This study provides data that can help to bet-ter understand SMCs in young people.(AU)

Trauma-focused and personality disorder treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid cluster C personality disorder: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with high rates of cluster C personality disorders (PD), which may negatively affect PTSD treatment. It is unknown whether concurrent treatment for PTSD and comorbid PD leads to superior treatment effects, compared to standard trauma-focused treatment.Objective: The objective was to test the efficacy of adding personality disorder treatment (group schema therapy; GST) to individual trauma-focused treatment (imagery rescripting; ImRs).Method: A two-arm randomized clinical trial (1:1 allocation ratio) was conducted between 2018 and 2023 at two sites of a mental health institution in the Netherlands. Raters were blind to treatment allocation. Adult outpatients with PTSD and comorbid cluster C personality disorders were randomized to receive either ImRs (12-18 sessions) or ImRs + GST (12-18 ImRs + 52-58 GST). The main outcome was PTSD severity one year after start of treatment measured with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5.Results: Of 130 patients (mean [SD] age = 40.6 [11.2], 110 [85%] females), 66 were assigned to ImRs and 64 to ImRs + GST. At 12 months, there were large decreases in PTSD severity (dImRs = 2.42, 95%CI = 1.97-2.87; dImRs + GST = 2.44, 95%CI = 1.99-2.90), but there was no significant difference between conditions (d = 0.02, 95%CI = -0.33-0.36, p = .944). Reductions in personality disorder symptoms and all other secondary outcomes were observed in both conditions. There were no significant differences between conditions on any of the secondary outcomes at 12 months.Conclusion: The more intensive concurrent trauma-focused and personality disorder treatment (ImRs + GST) was not superior to trauma-focused treatment alone (ImRs) for patients with PTSD and comorbid CPD. This suggests that trauma-focused treatment is the preferred primary treatment in patients presenting with both internalizing personality disorder and PTSD, reserving the stepping up to more intensive psychotherapy aimed at the personality disorder as a second line of treatment.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03833531.

Concurrent trauma-focused and personality disorder treatment was not superior to only trauma-focused treatment for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid cluster C personality disorders.Large reductions in PTSD severity and medium-to-large reductions in all secondary outcomes, including personality disorder symptoms, were observed in both treatment arms.These findings are remarkable, given the higher therapy dosage and specialized treatment for personality disorder comorbidity in the combined treatment arm.

A network perspective on posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbid borderline personality disorder symptoms.

Background: Comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is surrounded by diagnostic controversy and although various effective treatments exist, dropout and nonresponse are high.Objective: By estimating the network structure of comorbid PTSD and BPD symptoms, the current study illustrates how the network perspective offers tools to tackle these challenges.Method: The sample comprised of 154 patients with a PTSD diagnosis and BPD symptoms, assessed by clinician-administered interviews. A regularised partial correlation network was estimated using the GLASSO algorithm in R. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified. The reliability and accuracy of network parameters were determined through bootstrapping analyses.Results: PTSD and BPD symptoms largely clustered into separate communities. Intrusive memories, physiological cue reactivity and loss of interest were the most central symptoms, whereas amnesia and suicidal behaviour were least central.Conclusions: Present findings suggest that PTSD and BPD are two distinct, albeit weakly connected disorders. Treatment of the most central symptoms could lead to an overall deactivation of the network, while isolated symptoms would need more specific attention during therapy. Further experimental, longitudinal research is needed to confirm these hypotheses.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03833453.

A network analysis of PTSD and BPD symptoms.PTSD and BPD symptoms largely clustered into separate communities.Intrusive memories, loss of interest and physiological cue reactivity seem valuable treatment targets.

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 faceted Brief Form in a Brazilian Community Sample.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to verify the psychometric qualities of the PID-5-FBF in a community sample of Brazilian adults. The internal consistency of the facets and the internal structure of the dimensions were checked. In addition, we verified the correlations between the PID-5-FBF facets and domains with a five-factor model measure. METHODS: The sample of this study consists of the 774 Brazilian adults aged 18 to 73 years (mean 28.9±11.58) who answered the PID-5-FBF and BFI-2S. RESULTS: The alpha values were adequate. The internal structure was similar to the PID-5 original form. All the factors and dimensions of the PID-5-FBF have a negative association with agreeableness, while, on the other hand, all correlations with neuroticism were positive. Neuroticism was the factor with the highest correlation with the PID-5-FBF, and openness was the one with the lowest number of correlations. CONCLUSIONS: This research contributes to adding evidence of validity to the PID-5-FBF in the Brazilian community sample. Our results are important because it is the first study with the PID-FBF in a Brazilian sample.

Trastornos del espectro autista, trastornos por déficit de atención hiperactividad y desregulación emocional: enmascaramiento y abordaje / Autistic spectrum disorders, attention deficit disorders, hyperactivity and emotional dysregulation: masking and approach

Resumen Los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) y los Tras tornos por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad (TDAH) son Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo (TN) que coexisten frecuentemente y que tienen factores etiológicos, bio lógicos, clínicos en común. La comorbilidad de ambos TN se asocia a un retraso en el diagnóstico del TEA o un diagnóstico que nunca llegan a recibir y es frecuente el desarrollo de alteraciones perceptivas, emocionales, cognitivas y conductuales relacionadas con la Desregu lación Emocional (DE). Cuando ambos TN no son diag nosticados en infancia, frecuentemente reciben diag nósticos equivocados en edades más tardías, siendo el más frecuente el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP). Se analiza la presentación clínica de la asociación del TEA y el TDAH, la asociación con DE, diferenciación del TLP y evaluación e intervención. La comorbilidad TEA, TDAH, DE, es un trastorno más severo, asociado a poli farmacología y a ingresos hospi talarios.

Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) are Neurodevelop mental Disorders (ND) that frequently coexist together and have etiological, biological, and clinical factors in common. The comorbidity of both neurodevelopmental disorders is associated with a delay or lack of ASD di agnosis and the development of perceptual, emotional, cognitive and behavioral alterations related to Emotional Dysregulation (ED) is common. When both TN are not diagnosed in childhood, they frequently receive wrong diagnoses at later ages, the most frequent being Border line Personality Disorder (BPD). The clinical presentation of the association of ASD and ADHD, the association with ED, differentiation of BPD, and evaluation and intervention are here analyzed. The comorbidity ASD, ADHD, ED is a more severe disorder associated to polypharmacology and hospital admissions.

Freiburg personality inventory in inflammatory bowel disease: diagnosis and psychotherapeutic needs / Inventario de personalidad de Freiburg en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: diagnóstico y necesidades psicoterapéuticas

A pesar de los descubrimientos recientes, los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) aún enfrentan desafíos para lograr la remisión. Los objetivos del estudio fueron identificar las características de los pacientes con el Inventario de Personalidad de Freiburg y la intensidad de la enfermedad colónica, comorbilidades que podrían estar relacionadas con la personalidad de los sujetos. Los datos se recopilaron en el período 2019-2020 de 46 pacientes y utilizaron métodos no paramétricos. En comparación con el grupo de control, las escalas de Inhibición, Problemas de salud y Emocionalidad tenían puntuaciones brutas significativamente más altas. Las escalas de Orientación Social, Franqueza y Extraversión tuvieron puntajes brutos significativamente más bajos. El estado de salud fue un factor médico que influyó en la escala de Quejas Somáticas, los pacientes que tenían lesiones o comorbilidades tenían puntuaciones brutas significativamente más altas. Los pacientes que tenían comorbilidades además de la EII tenían puntuaciones brutas considerablemente más altas en la escala de Excitabilidad. Se requieren intervenciones psicoterapéuticas de cambio en la percepción de la vida para abordar la descripción del sufrimiento subjetivo relacionado con molestias físicas (escala de quejas somáticas), una fuerte orientación hacia el rendimiento (escala de tensión), cambios de humor, ansiedad y pesimismo (escala de emocionalidad). Otra intervención es la reconsideración y (re)priorización de valores, como la familia, las relaciones íntimas, los amigos, la salud, el crecimiento, el desarrollo, el trabajo equilibrado, todos los cuales pueden promover una sensación de bienestar y equilibrio.(AU)

Despite recent discoveries, patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) still face challenges with attainment of remission. The objectives of the study were to identify the characteristics of patients with the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the intensity of the intestinal disease, comorbidities that could be related to the personality of the subjects. Data were collected in the period 2019–2020 from 46 patients and used nonparametric methods. Compared to the normative sample, the Inhibitedness, Health Concerns, and Emotionality scales had significantly higher raw scores. The Social Orientation, Frankness, and Extraversionscales had significantly lower raw scores. Health status was a medical factor that influenced the Somatic Complaintsscale, patients who had lesions or comorbidities had significantly higher raw scores. Patients who had comorbidities in addition to IBD had considerably higher raw scores on the Excitability scale. Psychotherapeutic change interventions regarding life perception are required to tackle the description of subjective suffering related to physical inconveniences (Somatic Complaintsscale), a strong orientation toward performance (Strainscale), mood swings, anxiety, and pessimism (Emotionality scale). Another intervention is reconsidering values and (re) prioritization, such as family, intimate relationships, friends, health, growth, development, balanced work, all of which can promote a feeling of well-being and balance.(AU)

Future Anxiety in Young Spanish Adults: Psychometric Properties of the Dark Future Scale / Ansiedad Futura en Adultos Jóvenes Españoles: Propiedades Psicométricas de la Dark Future Scale

Background/Objective: The Dark Future Scale (DFS) is a self-report instrument which assesses the tendency to think about the future with anxiety, fear, and uncertainty. Although it has been applied in different populations, instrumental studies are scarce, and there is no validated Spanish version. The aim was therefore to develop a Spanish version of the scale (DFS-S) and to analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults. Method: Participants were 1,019 individuals aged from 18 to 24 years. They completed the DFS-S and the IPIP-BFM-20. Validity evidence based on the internal structure, including measurement invariance across gender, as well as on relationships with personality traits was obtained. Reliability and gender differences in DFS-S scores were also examined. Results: Results supported a single-factor structure, χ2(5) = 10.79, CFI = .999, RMSEA = .034, SRMR = .016, that was invariant across gender. Reliability of test scores was satisfactory (ω = .92). In the correlation analysis, future anxiety showed a strong positive correlation with neuroticism (.42) and a moderate negative correlation with extraversion (-.25). Females scored higher than males on future anxiety. Conclusions: The DFS-S has satisfactory psychometric properties and it is an adequate tool for measuring future anxiety among young adults.(AU)

Antecedentes/Objetivo: La Dark Future Scale (DFS) evalúa la ten-dencia a pensar en el futuro con ansiedad, miedo e incertidumbre. Aunque ha sido usadaen diferentes poblaciones, los estudios instrumentales son es-casos y no hay una versión adaptada al español. El objetivo del estudio fue adaptarla al español (DFS-S) y analizar sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra de adultos jóvenes. Método:Participaron 1.019 jóvenes entre 18 y 24 años. Completaron la DFS-S y el IPIP-BFM-20. Se analizan evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna, incluyendo la invarianza de me-dida según el género, y basadas en las relaciones con rasgos de personali-dad, así como análisis de la fiabilidad y de las diferencias de género. Resulta-dos:Los resultados apoyaron una estructura de un solo factor, χ2(5) = 10.79, CFI = .999, RMSEA = .034, SRMR = .016, con invarianza respecto al gé-nero, y con coeficiente de fiabilidad satisfactorio (ω= .92). Se encontró co-rrelación positiva fuerte entre ansiedad futura y neuroticismo (.42) y una correlación negativa moderada con extraversión (-.25). Las puntuaciones en ansiedad futura fueron mayores en las mujeres. Conclusiones:Los resultados muestran propiedades psicométricas satisfactorias delaDFS-S, siendo un instrumento adecuado para medir la ansiedad futura en adultos jóvenes.(AU)

Borderline Personality Disorder and Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review / Trastorno Límite de Personalidad y Violencia en la Pareja: una Revisión Sistemática

Borderline personality (BPD) features and intimate partner violence (IPV) have been seen associated, focusing the research specially into perpetrators. The achievement of this systematic review is to analyze this relation in both victims and perpetrators, using 17 scientific articles published between 2017 and 2021 from different data bases. Most studies were focused on perpetrators, in which both men and women were equally represented as perpetrators. Instead, studies about victims were focused on women. Throughout this review, different factors observed in people with BPD traits who are victims or perpetrators of IPV are mentioned, finding particularities in each profile. These findings allow increase knowledge about the relationship between BPD and IPV, promoting a greater understanding that impacts positively on clinical intervention in this population.(AU)

Los rasgos límites de personalidad (TLP) se han visto asociados a violencia en la pareja, con investigaciones centradas especialmente en quienes la ejercen. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar esta relación tanto en víctimas como en perpetradores, utilizando 17 artículos científicos publicados entre 2017 y 2021 en distintas bases de datos. Los estudios analizados se centraron mayoritariamente en perpetradores, encontrándose tanto hombres como mujeres igualmente representadas. En cambio, los estudios sobre víctimas atendían por lo general a mujeres. A lo largo de esta revisión, se mencionan distintos factores observados en personas que presentan rasgos TLP y ejercen o son víctimas de violencia de pareja, encontrando particularidades en cada perfil. Este trabajo permite incrementar el conocimiento sobre la relación existente entre TLP y violencia de pareja, fomentando una mayor comprensión que repercuta positivamente en la intervención clínica de esta población.(AU)

Los trastornos de la personalidad ¿realidad o ficción? El sombrío futuro de su diagnóstico / Personality disorders: reality or fiction? The bleak future of your diagnosis

El diagnóstico categorial de los trastornos de la personalidad (TTPP) ha sido criticado por diversas razones, entras las que se encuentran el solapamiento de síntomas entre distintos trastornos, su elevada comorbilidad o el carácter dicotómico de su diagnóstico. Estas críticas han llevado al desarrollo de un planteamiento dimensional en las últimas versiones de los sistemas de clasificación, DSM-5/DSM-5-TR y CIE-11, considerando dos aspectos: el funcionamiento de la personalidad y una serie de rasgos patológicos. A pesar de la cuantiosa literatura publicada desde principio de este siglo sobre esta propuesta dimensional, no está claro, a día de hoy, que tenga alguna utilidad clínica. La vaga, abstracta y poco operativizable exposición de lo que constituye el funcionamiento de la personalidad y la compleja y forzada designación de rasgos mayores y menores (facetas) en el DSM-5/DSM-5-TR o sólo mayores y opcionales en la CIE-11, complican el diagnóstico dimensional de los TTPP. En este trabajo se discuten todas estas cuestiones en un intento de aportar algo de luz para un futuro menos sombrío que el actual panorama de los TTPP.(AU)

The categorical diagnosis of personality disorders (PDs) has been criticized forvarious reasons, among which are overlapping of symptoms between differentdisorders, their high comorbidity, and the dichotomous nature of their diagnosis.These criticisms have led to the development of a dimensional approach in thelatest versions of the classification systems, DSM-5/DSM-5-TR and ICD-11,considering two substantial aspects for its new diagnosis: personality functioning,and a series of pathological features. Despite the large amount of literature thathas been published since the beginning of this century on this dimensionalproposal, it is not clear, to date, that this approach enhances clinical utility. Thevague, abstract, and inoperative exposition of what constitutes personalityfunctioning and the complex and forced designation of major and minor traits(facets) in the DSM-5/DSM-5-TR, and only major and optional traits in the ICD-11,complicate, in an unusual way, the dimensional diagnosis of PDs. This paperdiscusses all of these issues in an attempt to shed some light on the potentially darkfuture of the current PDs panorama.(AU)

Datos normativos, fiabilidad y validez de las escalas de trastornos de la personalidad del NEO PI-R / Normative data, reliability and validity of the NEO PI-R personality disorders scales

Hay un creciente interés por entender los trastornos de la personalidad (TTPP) desde el modelo de los cinco factores. Miller et al. (2005) y Costa y McCrae (2005) propusieron dos conjuntos de escalas basadas en las facetas del “Inventario de personalidad NEO-revisado” (NEO PI-R) para evaluar los TTPP del DSM-5. Existen baremos españoles para las escalas de Miller et al. (2005) a partir de muestras de selección de personal, pero no son apropiados en contextos con deseabilidad social baja. Se presentan datos normativos, de fiabilidad y validez convergente/ discriminante para ambos conjuntos de escalas con voluntarios de la población general española (N= 682). Los índices de consistencia interna y validez convergente/ discriminante fueron excelentes o buenos para todas las escalas, especialmente para las de Miller et al. (2005). Las diferencias entre la muestra de voluntarios y de selección de personal (d= 0,61) y entre varones y mujeres (d= 0,34-0,38) justifican el desarrollo de baremos para los dos conjuntos de escalas de TTPP para situaciones de deseabilidad social baja y separados por sexo. Se discute su utilidad en diferentes contextos.(AU)

There is increasing interest in understanding personality disorders (PDs) fromthe five-factor model. Miller et al. (2005) and Costa and McCrae (2005) proposedtwo sets of scales based on the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) facetsto assess DSM-5 PDs. There are Spanish norms for the scales of Miller et al. (2005)based on personnel selection samples, but they are not appropriate for contextswith low social desirability. Normative, reliability, and convergent/discriminantvalidity data are presented for both sets of scales with volunteers from the generalSpanish population (N= 682). The internal consistency and convergent/discriminantvalidity indices were excellent or good for all scales, especially for those of Miller etal. (2005). The differences between the sample of volunteers and that of personnelselection (d= 0.61) and between males and females (d= 0.34-0.38) justify the development of norms for the two sets of PD scales for situations of low socialdesirability and separate for males and females. Their usefulness in differentcontexts is discussed.(AU)

Moral injury and pre-deployment personality factors as contributors to psychiatric symptomatology among combatants: a two-year prospective study.

Background: Combatants who are exposed to events that transgress deeply held moral beliefs might face lasting psychopathological outcomes, referred to as Moral Injury (MI). However, knowledge about pre-deployment factors that might moderate the negative consequences of MI is sparse. In this prospective study, we examined pre-enlistment characteristics and pre-deployment personality factors as possible moderators in the link between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychiatric symptomatology among Israeli active-duty combatants.Methods: A sample of 335 active-duty Israeli combatants participated in a 2.5-year prospective study with three waves of measurements (T1: 12 months before enlistment, T2: Six months following enlistment - pre-deployment, and T3: 18 months following enlistment - post-deployment). Participants' characteristics were assessed via semi-structured interviews (T1) and validated self-report measures of personality factors: emotional regulation, impulsivity, and aggression (T2) and combat exposure, PMIEs, psychiatric symptomology and posttraumatic symptoms (T3) between 2019 and 2021.Results: Pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and negative life events contributed to higher exposure to PMIEs post-deployment. Higher levels of pre-deployment aggression and lower levels of emotional regulation and impulsivity moderated the association between betrayal, PMIEs and psychiatric symptomology post-deployment, above and beyond pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties and life events.Conclusions: Our results highlight that pre-deployment emotional regulation, impulsivity and aggressiveness levels should be assessed, screened, and identified among combatants, as they all facilitate psychiatric symptomology (and PTSS) after combatants are exposed to PMIEs of betrayal. Such pre-assessment will enable the identification of at-risk combatants and might provide them with tailor-made preparation regarding moral and ethical situations that should be investigated in future research.

Pre-enlistment psychiatric difficulties contributed to higher exposure to PMIEs post-deployment.Pre-deployment personality moderated the associations between PMIEs and psychiatric symptomatology among combatants.Higher levels of pre-deployment emotional regulation moderated the association between betrayal PMIEs and post-deployment PTSS symptoms.

Perfiles de Personalidad en adolescentes con Trastornos por Ansiedad en Población General y Clínica / Personality Profiles in Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders in General and Clinical population

La personalidad es el trasfondo que determina la forma de pensar, sentir y comportarse e influye en la psicopatología. En este contexto, resulta relevante el estudio de la relación entre personalidad y ansiedad en la adolescencia. El principal objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar las diferencias entre casos con Trastornos por Ansiedad (TA) y una muestra de población general (PG) en los diferentes perfiles / prototipos de personalidad (PRP) derivados del el Inventario clínico para adolescentes de Millon (MACI). Un segundo objetivo fue estudiar el modelo más parsimonioso de PRP capaz de predecir TA. Para responder a estos objetivos se utilizó un diseño observacional analítico y se realizó un muestreo aleatorio de adolescentes en PG (n = 461) y consecutivo de pacientes con TA, valorados según criterios DSM-5 (n = 77). Los instrumentos de medida utilizados fueron el MACI y Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Los PRP Introvertidos, Inhibidos, Pesimistas, Sumisos, Oposicionistas, Autopunitivos y Límites presentan una media significativamente mayor en TA y los PRP Histriónico y Egocéntrico en PG. El modelo más parsimonioso de PRP que mejor predice TA está conformado por tener mayor edad y los PRP más límite y menos rebelde. El estudio ofrece una imagen novedosa de los PRP en casos de TA que invitan a su estudio clínico, favoreciendo nuevos caminos de investigación que incluyan la personalidad en la heterogeneidad del trastorno. (AU)

Personality is the background that determines the way we think, feel and behave and influences psychopathology. In this context, the study of the relationship between personality and anxiety in adolescence is important. The main objective of our study is to analyse the differences between cases with Anxiety Disorders (AD) and a sample of general population (GP) in the different personality profiles / prototypes (PRP) derived from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI). Secondary objective: to study the most parsimonious predictive model of PRP to predict AD. To respond to these objectives, an observational analytical design was used and a random sampling of adolescents in GP (n = 461) and consecutive sampling of patients with AD, assessed according to DSM-5 criteria (n = 77) was performed. The measurement instruments used were the MACI and the Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Introverted, Inhibited, Doleful, Submissive, Oppositional, Self-demeaning and Borderline PRPs present a significantly higher mean in AD and the Dramatizing and Egotistic PRPs in GP. The most parsimonious PRP model that best predicts AD is shaped by having older age and the most Borderline and least Unruly PRPs. The study offers a novel picture of PRPs in AD cases that invite their clinical study, favoring new paths of research that include personality in the heterogeneity of the disorder. (AU)

Trastornos somatomorfos y rasgos de personalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por lumbalgia crónica en El Salvador / Somatoform Disorders and Personality Traits in Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Back Pain in El Salvador

Introducción. El trastorno somatomorfo se caracteriza por la presentación de múltiples síntomas físicos que no pueden ser atribuidos a otra enfermedad física, mental o al uso de sustancias, teniendo como comorbilidad más prevalente a los trastornos de personalidad. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia de trastorno somatomorfo, sus características principales y diferentes rasgos de personalidad entre pacientes con lumbalgia crónica. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado con pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital General del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la escala Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 y la escala InternationalPersonality Disorder Examination. Las variables cualitativas fueron analizadas a través de frecuencias absolutas. Las variables cuantitativas fueron analizadas a través de medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sicience, versión 26. Resultados. Se incluyeron 60 pacientes, 40 de ellos mujeres, 31 entre los 41 y 60 años. Veintiocho pacientes presentaron ocho o más síntomas, excluyéndose dolor lumbar. Cuarenta y cinco pacientes reportaron sintomatología por más de un año. Cincuenta y tres pacientes presentaron trastorno somatomorfo. Los trastornos de personalidad más frecuentes fueron obsesivo-compulsivos (31), límites (21) y paranoides (21). Conclusión. Los pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico que requieren ingreso hospitalario presentan una alta frecuencia de trastornos somatomorfos, con dolor en piernas o brazos como síntoma principal; además, estos pacientes se caracterizan por presentar en su mayoría rasgos de personalidad obsesivo-compulsivos.

Introduction. The somatoform symptoms disorder is characterized by multiple psychical symptoms that can't be attributed to another physical or mental health diagnosis or drug abuse, having personality disorders as the most common comorbidity. Objective. To determine the frequency of somatoform disorders, it's most important characteristics and different personality traits among patients with chronic back pain. Methodology. Cross-sectional descriptive study carried out with patients admitted to the neurosurgery department of the General Hospital of the Salvadoran Social Security Institute. Data collection was carried out using the Screening for Somatoform Symptoms 2 scale and the International Personality Disorder Examination scale. The qualitative variables were analyzed through absolute frequencies. The quantitative variables were analyzed through measures of central tendency and dispersion. The statistical analyzes were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26. Results. The study included 60 patients, 40 of them women, 31 between 41 and 60 years old. Twenty-eight patients presented eight or more symptoms, excluding low back pain. Forty-five patients reported symptoms for more than one year. Fifty-three patients presented somatoform disorder. The most frequent personality disorders were obsessive-compulsive (31), borderline (21) and paranoid (21). Conclusion. Patients with chronic lower back pain who require hospital admission have a high frequency of somatoform disorders, with the main symptom being pain in the legs or arms; furthermore, these patients are characterized by mostly presenting obsessive-compulsive personality traits

Alma Gêmea: Adaptação da Romantic Beliefs Scale / Alma gemela: Adaptación de la Romantic Beliefs Scale / Soul mate: Adaptation of the Romantic Beliefs Scale

Resumo A Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) foi desenvolvida para acessar crenças sobre romantismo, que podem impactar na formação e qualidade de relacionamentos românticos. Tais crenças podem ser acessadas por meio de quatro fatores que representam o amor romântico ideal, sendo elas: Um e único, Idealização, Amor à primeira vista e Amor encontra uma maneira. Este estudo buscou evidências de validade para a RBS em um contexto brasileiro baseadas na estrutura interna e relações com as variáveis satisfação com o relacionamento e personalidade (Cinco Grandes Fatores e Investimento Emocional). Responderam a um questionário on-line 818 brasileiros com média de idade de 30,7 anos (DP= 14,1), sendo 73,2% mulheres. A escala apresentou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna do instrumento e na relação com outras variáveis, e melhor ajuste a um modelo de fator de segunda ordem explicando os quatro fatores da escala original. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre os fatores da RBS-Brasil e os fatores de personalidade Extroversão, Socialização e Realização, a Satisfação com o relacionamento e o Investimento emocional.

Abstract The Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) was developed to assess beliefs about romanticism, that can impact the formation and quality of romantic relationships. These beliefs can be assessed using four factors that represent the ideal romantic love, which are: One and only, Idealization, Love at first sight, and Love finds a way. This study sought evidence of validity for the RBS in a Brazilian context based on internal structure and relationships with the variables relationship satisfaction and personality (Big Five Factors and Emotional Investment). A total of 818 Brazilians with an average age of 30.7 years (SD= 14.1) responded to an online questionnaire, of which 73.2% were women. The scale showed satisfactory evidence of validity based on the internal structure and relation with other variables, and best fit to a second-order factor model explaining the four factors of the original scale. Positive correlations were found between the factors of RBS and personality factors Extraversion, Agreeableness and Consciousness, Relationship satisfaction and Emotional investment.

Resumen La Romantic Beliefs Scale (RBS) fue desarrolló para evaluar las creencias sobre el romanticismo, las cuales pueden afectar la formación y calidad de las relaciones románticas. Estas creencias pueden ser accedidas a través de cuatro factores que representan el amor romántico ideal, los cuales son: Único, Idealización, Amor a primera vista y Amor encuentra un camino. Este estudio buscó evidencias de validez para el RBS en un contexto brasileño basadas en la estructura interna y relaciones con variables como la satisfacción con la relación y la personalidad (Cinco Grandes Factores e Inversión Emocional). Respondieron a un cuestionario 818 brasileños con una media de edad de 30.7 años (DE= 14.1), de los cuales el 73.2% eran mujeres. La escala mostró evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna del instrumento y en la relación con otras variables, y un mejor ajuste a un modelo factorial de segundo orden que explica los cuatro factores de la escala original. Se encontraron correlaciones positivas entre los factores de RBS-Brasil y los factores de personalidad Extraversión, Amabilidad y Realización, así como con la Satisfacción con la relación e Investidura emocional.

Beethoven y su sobrino: El peligro que es el otro

1). La vida de Ludwig van Beethoven experimentó un cambio existencial al morir su hermano y dejar a su hijo Karl en tutoría compartida con su madre Johanna. 2). Casi sin haber tenido relación con su sobrino, se desencadena una necesidad emocional intensa e inesperada de convertirse en su único tutor, objetivo que consigue derrotando legalmente a su madre. 3). La relación Beethoven-Karl se desarrolla plagada de disputas, vigilancia, exigencias, control, como si el compositor viviera por vez primera lo que siempre se había negado, llegar a ser padre. 4). El intento de suicidio del sobrino le señala a Beethoven que convertirse en padre significa permitir que el hijo llegue a ser diferente a las arrogantes y desmesuradas ambiciones y expectativas personales, pero esta señal extrema fue insuficiente para hacerle entender que el otro siempre es un peligro porque muestra una verdad oculta intolerable y dolorosa del propio sí-mismo.

Ludwig van Beethoven's life underwent an existential change when his brother died and left his son Karl in shared tutorship with his mother Johanna. 2. Almost without having had any relationship with his nephew, an intense and unexpected emotional need to become his sole guardian is triggered, an objective that he achieves by legally defeating his mother. 3. The Beethoven-Karl relationship develops plagued by disputes, surveillance, demands, control, as if the composer were experiencing for the first time what he had always denied himself, becoming a father.4. The nephew's suicide attempt points out to Beethoven that becoming a father means allowing the son to become different from the arrogant and inordinate personal ambitions and expectations, but this extreme signal was insufficient to make him understand that the other is always a danger because it shows a hidden and painful truth of one´s own self.

Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad y Filicidio: Discusión de caso

La violencia contra los niños es una preocupación muy importante en el sistema de salud pública. El filicidio es un acto deliberado de una madre o un padre que mata a su propio hijo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir un caso de filicidio asociado a la presencia del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP), analizando la evaluación de la imputabilidad criminal relacionada con este caso, utilizando el criterio biopsicológico. Medidas de protección a los niños deben ser ofrecidas de forma activa cuando los padres tienen estrés y falta de equilibrio emocional, y al mismo tiempo deben cuidar a los niños.

Violence against children is a very important concern in the public health system. Filicide is a deliberate act of a mother or father killing his own child. The aim of this study is to describe a case of filicide associated with the presence of borderline personality disorder, discussing the evaluation of criminal imputability related to this case, using the biopsychological criterion. Child protection measures should be actively offered when parents have stress and lack of emotional balance while needing to care for children.

Predictive Validity, Applicant Reactions, and Influence of Personal Characteristics of a Gamefully Designed Assessment / [Validez predictiva, reacciones de los candidatos e influencia de las características personales de una evaluación que utiliza juegos]

The use of game-related assessments (GRAs) in personnel selection is increasing. However, the type of GRA under investigation should be considered. This study focuses on game-based assessments, which closely resemble leisure-oriented videogames. We specifically examined a serious game that assesses personality traits (assertiveness, sociability, tolerance, and rules). We analyzed its predictive validity, applicant reactions, and the impact of personal and job-related factors on scores. The study included 182 participants who played the GRA and completed a Big Five questionnaire. Findings revealed that the game predicts adaptive performance, offering incremental value over the Big Five (ΔR2 = .107). Additionally, candidates reacted more positively to the GRA in terms of comfort and fit, although the effect size was small (d = -0.1757 and -0.3119, respectively). Relating to personal and job-related characteristics, only job experience significantly affected the assertiveness score, albeit with a small effect size (d = -0.3870).(AU)

Aumenta en el campo de la selección de personal la utilización de la evaluación relacionada con juegos (ERJ). El estudio se centra en la evaluación mediante juegos, un tipo de ERJ cercano a los videojuegos recreativos convencionales. En concreto se analizó un juego serio que mide rasgos de personalidad (asertividad, sociabilidad, tolerancia y reglas), investigando su validez predictiva, las reacciones de los candidatos y la influencia de las variables personales y laborales. En la investigación participaron 182 personas que jugaron a la ERJ y cumplimentaron un cuestionario de personalidad Big Five. Los resultados muestran la validez incremental de la ERJ con respecto a los Big Five en la predicción del desempeño adaptativo (ΔR2 = .107). Además, las reacciones fueron más positivas a la comodidad y al ajuste al puesto para la ERJ que para la prueba de personalidad, aunque con un tamaño del efecto modesto (d = -0.1757 y -0.3119). Con respecto a las características personales y laborales, la experiencia laboral se asoció a una mayor asertividad, aunque el efecto también es pequeño (d = -0.3870).(AU)

Determinantes Psicológicos da Preparação para a Inovação entre os Jovens Estudantes Ucranianos / Psychological determinants of innovation readiness among the Ukrainian student youth / Determinantes psicológicos de la disposición a la innovación entre los jóvenes estudiantes ucranianos

Resumo No presente estudo analisou-se o tema da aptidão psicológica para a inovação da juventude ucraniana atual e os seus determinantes psicológicos. A relevância do tema baseia-se nas exigências crescentes dos empregadores em relação aos licenciados e às suas características psicológicas, que requerem uma adaptação rápida às novas condições e mudanças constantes, incluindo a aptidão para a inovação. Verificou-se que os fatores mais importantes da aptidão psicológica para a inovação são, por um lado, a baixa rigidez e o neuroticismo e, por outro, a capacidade de correr riscos em prol do sucesso, a elevada necessidade de auto-desenvolvimento e a agressividade. Foram estabelecidas as características psicológicas dos estudantes que têm um elevado nível de aptidão psicológica para a inovação. Foi apresentado o perfil psicológico da pessoa com um elevado nível de aptidão para a inovação. As características mais importantes de uma personalidade inovadora são a elevada autoestima e o nível de exigência, a estabilidade emocional e a força de vontade desenvolvida.

Abstract This study analysed the topic of the psychological aptitude for innovation of today's Ukrainian youth and its psychological determinants. The relevance of the topic is based on the growing demands of employers on graduates and their psychological characteristics, which require quick adaptation to new conditions and constant changes, including aptitude for innovation. It was found that the most important factors in psychological aptitude for innovation are, on the one hand, low rigidity and neuroticism and, on the other, the ability to take risks in favour of success, a high need for self-development and aggressiveness. The psychological characteristics of students who have a high level of psychological aptitude for innovation were established. The psychological profile of the person with a high level of aptitude for innovation was presented. The most important characteristics of an innovative personality are high self-esteem and level of demand, emotional stability and developed willpower.

Resumen Este estudio analiza el tema de la aptitud psicológica para la innovación de la juventud ucraniana actual y sus determinantes psicológicos. La relevancia del tema se basa en las crecientes exigencias de los empresarios a los licenciados y sus características psicológicas, que requieren una rápida adaptación a las nuevas condiciones y cambios constantes, incluida la aptitud para la innovación. Se descubrió que los factores más importantes de la aptitud psicológica para la innovación son, por un lado, la baja rigidez y el neuroticismo y, por otro, la capacidad de asumir riesgos en favor del éxito, una alta necesidad de autodesarrollo y la agresividad. Se establecieron las características psicológicas de los estudiantes que tienen un alto nivel de aptitud psicológica para la innovación. Se presentó el perfil psicológico de la persona con un alto nivel de aptitud para la innovación. Las características más importantes de una personalidad innovadora son una alta autoestima y nivel de exigencia, estabilidad emocional y fuerza de voluntad desarrollada.

Analysis of relationships between personality factors and the risk of Eating Disorders

Introduction: Regarding the origin of Eating Disorders, different psychological variables such as the personality, have been identified as risk factors for the onset and subsequent development of these pathologies. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between personality and different risk variables for the development of ED in the population of female students without disorders. Method: Participants included 627 women, Spanish university students, who completed the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Correlation and regression analyses were conducted in order to observe patterns of common variation among the variables, and to determine the contribution of the personality traits in the explanation of the variables. Results: Neuroticism correlated significantly with all scales and is the main predictor of the risk scales (drive for thinness, bulimia and body dissatisfaction), and the seven psychological scales. The remaining factors showed negative correlations with all of the scales. Extraversion was the main predictor variable in the explained variance of interpersonal insecurity and interpersonal alienation. In addition, conscientiousness and agreeableness demonstrated an effect on different scales in combination with other factors. Conclusion: The study sustained the importance of personality in the risk of developing ED. Neuroticism is the factor that is most closely related to the risk variables and psychological constructs which are conceptually relevant in the development and maintenance of these disorders. The study of personality should help in identifying at-risk populations, and will enable adopting solutions aimed at the prevention of ED.

Introducción: En el origen de los trastornos alimentarios han sido identificadas diferentes variables psicológicas como factores de riesgo, como la personalidad, para el inicio y posterior desarrollo de estas patologías. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las relaciones entre la personalidad y diferentes variables de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos alimentarios, en la población de mujeres universitarias sin trastornos. Método: Las participantes fueron 627 mujeres, estudiantes universitarias españolas, que completaron el Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) y el Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Se realizaron análisis de correlación y regresión para observar los patrones de variación común entre las variables y para determinar la contribución de los rasgos de personalidad en la explicación de las variables. Resultados: El neuroticismo correlacionó significativamente con todas las escalas, y fue la principal variable predictiva en la varianza explicada de las escalas de riesgo (obsesión por la delgadez, bulimia e insatisfacción corporal), y siete escalas psicológicas. Los rasgos de personalidad restantes mostraron correlaciones negativas con todas las escalas. Extraversión fue la principal variable predictora de la varianza explicada de inseguridad interpersonal y alienación personal. Además, responsabilidad y amabilidad mostraron efecto en combinación con otros factores en diferentes variables. Conclusión: El estudio apoyó la importancia de la personalidad en el riesgo de desarrollar trastornos alimentarios. El neuroticismo es el factor que más se relaciona con las variables de riesgo y constructos psicológicos conceptualmente relevantes en el desarrollo y mantenimiento de estos trastornos. El estudio de la personalidad debería ayudar a identificar a las poblaciones de riesgo y adoptar soluciones dirigidas a la prevención.

La autopsia psicológica en Colombia: ¿Concepto o procedimiento para la investigación científica? Una revisión sistemática / Psychological autopsy in Colombia: ¿Concept or procedure for scientific research? A systematic review

Introducción: La literatura científica reporta que la autopsia psicológica desde sus inicios fue utilizada con la finalidad de ayudar a determinar las circunstancias de muerte de una persona, no obstante, en la actualidad se acoge más como concepto que como una herramienta procedimental. Objetivo: Establecer si en Colombia se ha utilizado para reconstruir los aspectos pre mortem de quienes han fallecido en extrañas circunstancias, de acuerdo con la finalidad de esta. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en 10 bases de datos; se emplearon como palabras clave "autopsia psicológica" y "Colombia", bajo una ventana de observación entre 2010 al 2021; por medio del método PRISMA. Resultados: Se evidencia que en Colombia durante los últimos 10 años el número de estudios asciende a 19, publicados en bases de datos, de los cuales 16 no emplearon el procedimiento de autopsia psicológica y solo tres de ellos sí lo hicieron. Discusión: Existe una tendencia a emplear la autopsia psicológica como concepto desde un enfoque clínico para respaldar los análisis retrospectivos, que, como técnica o procedimiento, se distancia de la posibilidad de reconstruir la criminodinámica del delito, así como la reconstrucción de aspectos de la personalidad, el estado mental y el estilo de vida de quién ha fallecido. Conclusiones: Se resalta que en Colombia la autopsia psicológica se ha utilizado exclusivamente en el campo clínico, sin el rigor científico, metodológico y sin la validez del protocolo empleado.

Introduction: The scientific literature reports that psychological autopsy from its beginnings was used with the purpose of helping to determine the circumstances of death of a person, however, it is currently embraced more as a concept than as a procedural tool. Objective: to establish if in Colombia it has been used to reconstruct the pre-mortem aspects of those who have died under strange circumstances, according to its purpose. Methodology: a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out in 10 databases, using as keywords psychological autopsy and Colombia, under a window of observation between 2010 and 2021; using the PRISMA method. Results: they show that in Colombia during the last 10 years the number of studies published in databases amounts to 19, of which 16 did not use the psychological autopsy procedure and only three of them did. Discussion: There is a tendency to use psychological autopsy as a concept from a clinical approach to support retrospective analyses rather than as a technique or procedure, distancing us from the possibility of reconstructing the criminodynamics of the crime, as well as reconstructing aspects of the personality, mental state and lifestyle of the deceased. Conclusions: it is highlighted that in Colombia the psychological autopsy has been used exclusively in the clinical field, without the scientific and methodological rigor and without the validity of the protocol used.