NO 3 -, K +, and chlorophyll index in fertigated grapevines in the semi-arid region of Brazil

Evaluating the effects of N and K supply on grapevines ( Vitis vinifera L.) and the techniques for nutritional diagnosis is of great importance for fertigation management of this crop. This study evaluated the effects of N and K fertigation on the soluble concentrations of NO 3 - and K + in the petiole sap and on the leaf chlorophyll index in drip irrigated 'Syrah' grapevine (from 17 June 2013 to 25 Nov 2014). The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha -1 ) and K 2 O (0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha -1 ), combined in an incomplete 5 2 factorial scheme in 13 combinations and arranged in randomized blocks with four replications. We determined NO 3 - and K + concentrations in petiole sap, leaf chlorophyll index, grapevine cluster mass and number per plant, mean grapevine cluster mass, and phenolic composition. High NO 3 - concentrations contributed positively to grapevine yield; however, increased K+ concentrations caused a negative response of sap. For 120 kg N ha -1 rate, NO 3 - in the sap and chlorophyll index showed higher values at the flowering stage, while high values for K + were observed during the grape-ripening stage.(AU)

Irradiance-regulated biomass allocation in Raphanus sativus plants depends on gibberellin biosynthesis.

Gibberellin has been proposed to increase leaf elongation in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants, which is associated with decreased tuber growth. Since light intensity can control growth through interaction with gibberellin, investigation of the effect of gibberellin levels on the growth of radish plants would be a step forward towards unraveling factors that underlie biomass accumulation and allocation in response to irradiance levels. Here, we report that the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) decreased petiole elongation, but not lamina growth of radish plants grown under full sunlight. However, shading promoted an increase in shoot elongation, while in plants treated with PAC the petiole and leaf lamina fail to elongate. Plants treated with PAC allocated proportionally more biomass to their tubers and less to shoot compared to control under shade. Moreover, PAC decreased the abundance of transcripts encoding cell wall expansion proteins in leaf lamina and petiole of plants grown under shade, which was positively correlated with sugar consumption by the tuber, thereby increasing the mass fraction and concentrations of minerals for tuber. Thus, allocation of biomass during the growth of radish plants and nutritional quality of tubers depend on gibberellin and light intensity.

Optimization of callus cultures at Echinacea purpurea L. for the amount of caffeic acid derivatives

BACKGROUND: In order to produce an effective callus in Echinacea purpurea L.; determination of the explant type and growth regulators that best respond to callus induction and the optimization of the culture conditions to increase the amount of caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) in the obtained callus. CADs contents of callus cultures of E. purpurea were evaluated by establishing an effective callus induction system in vitro. RESULTS: Various medium containing different growth regulators were tested using leaf, petiole, cotyledon and root as the explants. The best callus development was achieved in MS medium with 1.0 mg l 1 2,4- D + 2.0 mg l 1 BAP in leaf, 1.0 mg l 1 NAA + 0.5 mg l 1 TDZ in petiole, 2.0 mg l 1 NAA + 1.0 mg l 1 TDZ in cotyledon and 0.5 mg l 1 NAA + 0.5 mg l 1 BAP in roots. Upon optimisation of callus growth, each type of explant was cultured for 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks in medium for the analyses of caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and chicoric acid contents. The highest amounts of caftaric acid (4.11 mg/g) and chicoric acid (57.89 mg/g) were found from petiole explants and chlorogenic acid (8.83 mg/g) from root explants at the end of the 10-week culture time. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of the present study, the production of caffeic acid derivatives was performed by providing the optimization of E. purpurea L. callus cultures. Effective and repeatable protocols established in this study may offer help for further studies investigating the production of caffeic acid derivatives in vitro.

MINERAIS DE VITIS VINIFERA CULTIVADAS NA FRONTEIRA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Petioles of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc were analyzed during eight (8) years for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Boron (Bo) and Zinc (Zn). Petioles were first dried in a forced air-draft oven at approximately 70°C for 48 hours, then ground and analyzed. Nitrogen was analyzed using microkjeldahl, P by colorimetric method, K and Na by flame emission, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry and B by a colorimetric method using curcumin as a derivatizing agent. Average values for the eight years (8) found in the dry matter (DM) were for Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1.59N, 0.76P, 3. 28K, 0.93Ca and 0.28Mg and as mg/100g: 11.52Fe, 4.18Cu, 85.08Na, 70.17Mn, 2.07B and 13.97Zn; for Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1.26N, 0.47P, 3.20K, 0.82Ca, 0.31 Mg and as mg/100g: 15.25Fe, 3.25Cu, 63.73Na, 42.91 Mn, 2.08B and 11.13Zn; for Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1.51 N, 0.49P, 2.29K, 0.79Ca, 0,32Mg and as mg/100g: 16.01Fe, 5.91Cu, 76.02Na, 70.61Mn, 1.91B and 11.9Zn.

Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay e Sauvignon Blanc foram analizadas durante oito (8) anos, com o objetivo de quantificar Nitrogênio(N), Fósforo(P), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe), Cobre (Cu), Sódio (Na), Manganês (Mn), Boro (Bo) e Zinco(Zn) nos pecíolos. As amostras peciolares foram secas numa estufa com circulação de ar a aproximadamente 70°C e moídas. Nitrogênio foi determinado pelo método microkjeldahl, Fósforo por colorimetria, Potássio e Sódio por emissão de chama, Cálcio, Magnésio, Ferro, Cobre, Manganês e Zinco por espectrometria de absorção atômica e Boro por colorimetria usando curcumina como derivatizante. Valores médios dos oito (8) anos encontrados na matéria seca (MS) foram para Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1,59N, 0,76P, 3,28K, 0,93Ca, 0,28Mg e em mg/100g: 11,52Fe, 4,18Cu, 85,08Na, 70,17Mn, 2.07B e 13,97Zn; para Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1,26N, 0,47P, 3,20K, 0,82Ca, 0,31 Mg e em mg/100g: 15,25Fe, 3,25Cu, 63,73Na, 42,91Mn, 2,08B e 11,13Zn; para Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1,51 N, 0,49P, 2.29K, 0,79Ca, 0,32Mg e em mg/100g: 16,01 Fe, 5,91 Cu, 76,02Na, 70,61 Mn, 1,91 B e 11,9Zn.

Minerais de vitis vinifera cultivadas na fronteira do rio grande do sul

Petioles of Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc were analyzed during eight (8) years for Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Boron (Bo) and Zinc (Zn). Petioles were first dried in a forced air-draft oven at approximately 70°C for 48 hours, then ground and analyzed. Nitrogen was analyzed using microkjeldahl, P by colorimetric method, K and Na by flame emission, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn by atomic absorption spectrometry and B by a colorimetric method using curcumin as a derivatizing agent. Average values for the eight years (8) found in the dry matter (DM) were for Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1.59N, 0.76P, 3. 28K, 0.93Ca and 0.28Mg and as mg/100g: 11.52Fe, 4.18Cu, 85.08Na, 70.17Mn, 2.07B and 13.97Zn; for Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1.26N, 0.47P, 3.20K, 0.82Ca, 0.31 Mg and as mg/100g: 15.25Fe, 3.25Cu, 63.73Na, 42.91 Mn, 2.08B and 11.13Zn; for Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1.51 N, 0.49P, 2.29K, 0.79Ca, 0,32Mg and as mg/100g: 16.01Fe, 5.91Cu, 76.02Na, 70.61Mn, 1.91B and 11.9Zn.

Vitis vinifera Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Chardonnay e Sauvignon Blanc foram analizadas durante oito (8) anos, com o objetivo de quantificar Nitrogênio(N), Fósforo(P), Potássio (K), Cálcio (Ca), Magnésio (Mg), Ferro (Fe), Cobre (Cu), Sódio (Na), Manganês (Mn), Boro (Bo) e Zinco(Zn) nos pecíolos. As amostras peciolares foram secas numa estufa com circulação de ar a aproximadamente 70°C e moídas. Nitrogênio foi determinado pelo método microkjeldahl, Fósforo por colorimetria, Potássio e Sódio por emissão de chama, Cálcio, Magnésio, Ferro, Cobre, Manganês e Zinco por espectrometria de absorção atômica e Boro por colorimetria usando curcumina como derivatizante. Valores médios dos oito (8) anos encontrados na matéria seca (MS) foram para Cabernet Sauvignon (g/100g): 1,59N, 0,76P, 3,28K, 0,93Ca, 0,28Mg e em mg/100g: 11,52Fe, 4,18Cu, 85,08Na, 70,17Mn, 2.07B e 13,97Zn; para Pinot Chardonnay (g/100g): 1,26N, 0,47P, 3,20K, 0,82Ca, 0,31 Mg e em mg/100g: 15,25Fe, 3,25Cu, 63,73Na, 42,91Mn, 2,08B e 11,13Zn; para Sauvignon Blanc (g/100g): 1,51 N, 0,49P, 2.29K, 0,79Ca, 0,32Mg e em mg/100g: 16,01 Fe, 5,91 Cu, 76,02Na, 70,61 Mn, 1,91 B e 11,9Zn.