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PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes between bioabsorbable and metal screw fixation for distal tibial physeal fracture in children and adolescents, radiographically and clinically. METHODS: This study included consecutive 67 children and adolescents who underwent open reduction and internal fixation using metal or bioabsorbable screws for the distal tibia physeal fracture. All patients underwent preoperative radiographs, three-dimensional computed tomography scans, and postoperative follow-up teleradiogram. Patients were divided into metal (N = 40) and bioabsorbable groups (N = 27). We compared the surgical outcomes between the two groups in terms of clinical and radiographic outcomes, length of hospital stays, and medical cost. RESULTS: Follow-up duration were significantly longer in the metal group than that in the bioabsorbable group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of growth arrest after surgery and the scores of the Oxford Ankle and Foot Questionnaire between the two groups. However, the total hospital stay was significantly longer in the metal group (5.2 ± 4.8 days) compared to the bioabsorbable group (2.6 ± 0.5 days). Medical costs were significantly higher in the bioabsorbable group than in the metal group with a difference of 397 US dollars. CONCLUSIONS: The use of bioabsorbable screws exhibited therapeutic effects equivalent to that of metal screws for pediatric distal tibia physeal fractures regarding clinical and radiological outcomes. Moreover, it had the advantage of avoiding the need for repeated general anesthesia and secondary operation for implant removal. Therefore, the use of bioabsorbable screws may be a favourable surgical option for treating pediatric fractures.
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INTRODUCTION: the rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is a rare pathology and usually occurs in adult women in relation to distal radius fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: we present the case of an adolescent female patient who, after conservative treatment with splinting of a Peterson type I physeal fracture of the radius, suffered an acute extension deficit of the thumb at six weeks, diagnosed with clinical radiological examination as spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL). She was treated with extensor pollicis indicis propius (EIP) transfer with satisfactory results and recovering her usual activity one month after surgery. CONCLUSION: this kind of injuries are infrequent in pediatric ages and rarely described in a pediatric patient with immature skeleton, what makes this case something exceptional. It is necessary considering these complications in patients of low ages even with no other risk factors. The most frequent treatment applied in adults as in children is the EIP transference with good results in the long term.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la rotura del tendón extensor pollicis longus (EPL) constituye una patología infrecuente y se presenta normalmente en mujeres adultas en relación con fracturas de radio distal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente femenino que, tras tratamiento conservador con férula de una fractura fisaria Peterson tipo I en radio, sufre a las seis semanas déficit agudo de extensión del pulgar, diagnosticada mediante examen clínico radiológico de rotura espontánea del extensor pollicis longus. Es tratada por medio de transferencia del extensor propio del índice (EPI) con resultados satisfactorios y recuperación de su actividad habitual al mes postoperatorio. CONCLUSIÓN: este tipo de lesiones son poco frecuentes en edad pediátrica y casi nunca descritas en un paciente pediátrico con inmadurez esquelética, lo cual hace de este caso algo excepcional. Es necesario tener en cuenta este tipo de complicaciones en pacientes de baja edad aún sin otros factores de riesgo asociados. El tratamiento aplicado más frecuentemente, tanto en adultos como en niños, es la transferencia del extensor propio del índice con buenos resultados a largo plazo.
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Traumatismos da Mão , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Ruptura/complicações , Traumatismos dos Tendões/etiologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , Tendões/cirurgia , Polegar/lesões , Polegar/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by increased bone density. This condition is clinically manifested with a brittle intramedullary structure and reduced bone toughness, increasing the risk of fracture. A limited case has been reported on the management of physeal fracture in patients with osteopetrosis. The objective of this study is to report a rare osteopetrosis patient who sustains Salter-Harris II at the distal tibia with its long-term follow-up along with its literature review. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We report a case of a four-year-old boy with an established a diagnosis of osteopetrosis brought by the parents to the emergency department after sustaining a fall while playing in the playground. Radiological examination revealed a Salter-Harris type II distal tibial fracture. The patient underwent closed reduction and fixation using the cannulated screw. 18-month postoperative patients have an uneventful healing. DISCUSSION: Osteopetrosis is caused by impaired osteoclast function and differentiation, leading to impaired in remodelling. Salter-Harris type II distal tibial fracture can be treated by either closed reduction or open reduction. A closed reduction was performed successfully with cannulated screw in his patient. CONCLUSION: There is a delayed union of fracture in osteopetrosis patient. This will increase the risk of displacement which will eventually resulted in growth disturbance. Delayed weight bearing and stable fixation is highly recommended.
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Fractures are common conditions in cattle, including tibial fractures. Physeal tibial fractures are more specific and less frequently met in field conditions. A calf with a Salter-Harris type I distal physeal fracture of the tibia was referred to the National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), France. Although the use of external fixators in the treatment of tibial fractures is common, distal physeal tibial fractures require a different and specific technique involving them. They were first used as a lever arm to reduce the fracture due to the severe displacement. A hock joint bypass was then performed. Six weeks after treatment, the calf recovered successfully from the use of the affected limb without any adverse sequelae. The present case provides management of a distal tibial fracture using external fixators. This innovative and accessible surgical technique may be used by veterinary practitioners in future similar cases of distal tibial fractures when pins in the distal end cannot be inserted.
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LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
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Resumen: Introducción: la rotura del tendón extensor pollicis longus (EPL) constituye una patología infrecuente y se presenta normalmente en mujeres adultas en relación con fracturas de radio distal. Material y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente femenino que, tras tratamiento conservador con férula de una fractura fisaria Peterson tipo I en radio, sufre a las seis semanas déficit agudo de extensión del pulgar, diagnosticada mediante examen clínico radiológico de rotura espontánea del extensor pollicis longus. Es tratada por medio de transferencia del extensor propio del índice (EPI) con resultados satisfactorios y recuperación de su actividad habitual al mes postoperatorio. Conclusión: este tipo de lesiones son poco frecuentes en edad pediátrica y casi nunca descritas en un paciente pediátrico con inmadurez esquelética, lo cual hace de este caso algo excepcional. Es necesario tener en cuenta este tipo de complicaciones en pacientes de baja edad aún sin otros factores de riesgo asociados. El tratamiento aplicado más frecuentemente, tanto en adultos como en niños, es la transferencia del extensor propio del índice con buenos resultados a largo plazo.
Abstract: Introduction: the rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon is a rare pathology and usually occurs in adult women in relation to distal radius fractures. Material and methods: we present the case of an adolescent female patient who, after conservative treatment with splinting of a Peterson type I physeal fracture of the radius, suffered an acute extension deficit of the thumb at six weeks, diagnosed with clinical radiological examination as spontaneous rupture of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL). She was treated with extensor pollicis indicis propius (EIP) transfer with satisfactory results and recovering her usual activity one month after surgery. Conclusion: this kind of injuries are infrequent in pediatric ages and rarely described in a pediatric patient with immature skeleton, what makes this case something exceptional. It is necessary considering these complications in patients of low ages even with no other risk factors. The most frequent treatment applied in adults as in children is the EIP transference with good results in the long term.
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A 6-month-old thoroughbred colt foal was referred to a private equine referral hospital for evaluation of an acute onset, left hind limb lameness. On arrival the foal was 4/5 lame on the left hind at walk and there was diffuse swelling of the left hind pastern and fetlock region. The physical exam was otherwise unremarkable. Digital radiographs of the left hind pastern identified a Salter-Harris type-2 physeal fracture of the proximal phalanx. The fracture was initially treated conservatively using a cast, but the immobilization was not sufficient at achieving adequate reduction. As a result, the fracture was stabilized surgically using a construct consisting of a cortical lag screw, four locking head screws and a locking T-plate. The foal recovered uneventfully and was sound and in race training at a 2 year follow up. This case report highlights that surgical repair via internal fixation is preferable to conservative management of proximal physeal fractures of the first phalanx.
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Parafusos Ósseos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas , Animais , Cavalos , Masculino , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Parafusos Ósseos/veterináriaRESUMO
The epiphyses at the medial and lateral ends of the clavicle are small, ossify relatively late, and may not fuse until early adulthood. Because of this unique anatomy, pediatric and young adult injuries that involve the clavicle often differ from the patterns typically seen in older adults. Clavicular trauma that affects the acromioclavicular joint laterally or sternoclavicular joint medially often results in a physeal fracture and as such, can go unrecognized or be mistaken for a joint dislocation. Radiographic assessment is challenging, particularly when the epiphysis is not yet ossified. However, MR imaging allows for visualization of the cartilage, periosteum and perichondrium, and ligaments of the affected joints. Lateral clavicle physeal injuries can be categorized by the Dameron and Rockwood system, the pediatric correlate to the Rockwood classification of adult acromioclavicular joint injuries. Medial clavicle physeal fractures, similar to adult sternoclavicular joint dislocations, may result in anterior or posterior displacement. Because of their great ability to heal and remodel, clavicular physeal fractures respond better to conservative management than true acromioclavicular or sternoclavicular joint dislocations. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the true nature of these injuries, as there are implications for successful treatment and appropriate prognosis.
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Fraturas Ósseas , Luxações Articulares , Articulação Esternoclavicular , Adulto Jovem , Humanos , Criança , Idoso , Adulto , Clavícula/diagnóstico por imagem , Clavícula/lesões , Articulação Esternoclavicular/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação Esternoclavicular/lesões , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Lâmina de CrescimentoRESUMO
Aim: This article aims to describe a novel surgical technique for medial malleolar reconstruction in a young child. Background: Severe open ankle injuries that result in bone and soft tissue loss carry a high risk for complications, especially in children who are still growing. These injuries can cause abnormal growth patterns, degenerative diseases, and recurrent instability. Cases of medial malleolar reconstruction have been previously described but none in a child this young. Case description: We present a case of an 13-year-old girl who suffered an open injury to the medial distal tibia with traumatic loss of the medial malleolus at the age of 2 and later suffered a Salter-Harris II fracture to the ipsilateral distal fibula. She presented with varus alignment, a leg length discrepancy, premature asymmetrical growth arrest, chronic non-union of the distal fibula physeal fracture, and severe attenuation of the deltoid ligament. Her secondary deformities were managed with distal fibula osteotomy and fixation, distal tibial hemi-plafond corrective osteotomy, and medial malleolus reconstruction with iliac crest autograft. Her leg length discrepancy was corrected by epiphysiodesis of the contralateral distal femur and proximal tibia. At the 2-year follow-up, the alignment was well maintained, the graft was healing well, and the patient reported no pain and being able to walk and play sports without a brace. Conclusion: Surgical reconstruction of the medial malleolus with correction for abnormal angulation and leg length discrepancies is critical to promoting healthy growth patterns and quality of life for paediatric patients. This severe open ankle injury can be successfully managed by distal fibula osteotomy and fixation, distal tibial intra-articular osteotomy, and medial malleolus reconstruction with iliac crest autograft. Clinical significance: This novel technique is an effective method for the surgical management of paediatric traumatic medial malleolar bone loss in children who are skeletally immature and are at risk of complications due to further growth. How to cite this article: Ponton E, Bakkai A, Courtemanche DJ, et al. Late Ankle Reconstruction in a Child with Remote Traumatic Medial Malleolus Loss: Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2022;17(2):131-135.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is determining the factors that affect prognosis of distal tibial physeal fractures (DTPF) and analyzing whether Salter-Harris (SH) or Dias-Tachdjian (DT) classification is more predictive for outcomes. METHODS: Patients treated for DTPF were retrospectively analyzed. Fracture patterns were classified according to SH and DT. Treatment methods and fracture characteristics were noted. Distal tibial angles and joint irregularities were analyzed on patient's final ankle radiographs followed by American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score questionnaire. RESULTS: 75 patients followed-up between 6 and 96 months meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Joint irregularity was observed in 41.3% and partial premature physeal closure (PPC) in 34.7% of the patients. Lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) and talocrural angle related deformity were detected in 20% and 14.7% of the patients, respectively. Partial PPC and joint irregularities that have been developed in pronation-eversion-external rotation and supination-inversion injuries (SH type 3, 4) were 62% and 50%, and 42% and 75%, respectively. On follow-ups of supination-external rotation injuries (SH type 2) joint irregularity has never been observed. Following supination-external rotation and supination-plantar flexion injuries, a low rate of partial PPC have been developed; LDTA related deformity was revealed at a high rate of 39.1% after supination-inversion injuries. There weren't any differences observed between the initial displacement, residual displacement or surgical technique and PPC, joint irregularity and angular deformities. Patients treated by ORIF technique had lower AOFAS scores than patients treated by other surgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: In this study it was revealed that SH classification system is not sufficient alone to determine the prognosis of DTPF, the injury mechanisms causing SH types might be also significant in prediction of the prognosis of DTPF.
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Fraturas Salter-Harris , Fraturas da Tíbia , Humanos , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Supinação , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to describe the demography, aetiology, location and classification of physeal fractures in cats, and to describe their management and outcomes. METHODS: Clinical records and radiographs of cats referred for management of physeal fractures were retrospectively reviewed. Fractures of the proximal femoral physis were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to describe signalment, cause of injury, presence of concurrent injuries, fracture description, treatment modality, complications, follow-up, physeal closure, implant removal and outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-four cats with 36 fractures were included, of which 17 affected the distal femur, 11 the distal tibia and fibula, five the distal radius and ulna, two the proximal tibia and one the distal humerus. Salter-Harris classification was type I in 14, type II in 16, type III in two and type IV in four fractures. Thirty-four fractures were treated with primary fixation, and the most common method was crossed Kirschner wires (24/34 fractures). Complications were observed in 14 fractures, of which 12 were minor. At radiographic follow-up, physeal closure was reported in 23 fractures, of which 15 were considered premature. Implant removal was performed in three fractures. Outcome was good in 28, fair in four and poor in two fractures. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Fracture of the distal femoral physis was the most common physeal fracture seen. Cats presenting with physeal fractures may be skeletally immature or mature with delayed physeal closure. The rate of physeal closure after fracture repair was relatively high but without apparent impact. The frequency of implant removal was very low, indicating that despite having a physeal fracture repair, most cats did not require a second procedure to remove implants. Overall, internal fixation provided a good outcome in most fractures.
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Doenças do Gato , Fraturas Ósseas , Animais , Fios Ortopédicos/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Gatos , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Rádio (Anatomia) , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introduction: Physeal fractures are a rare entity to occur around the knee. However, they may prove to be dangerous when encountered due to their proximity to the popliteal artery and associated risk of premature physeal closure. A distal femur displaced, SH type I, physeal fracture is very uncommon and is most likely caused by high velocity trauma. Case Report: Here is a case of right sided distal femur physeal fracture dislocation in a 15-year-old boy having positional vascular compromise (popliteal vessel involvement) as a result of the fracture displacement. He was immediately planned for open reduction and fixation using multiple K wires due to limb threatening condition. We focus on the potential immediate and remote complications, the treatment modality and the functional outcome of the fracture. Conclusion: Due to the potential risk of immediate limb-threatening complication due to vascular compromise, this kind of injury needs emergency fixation. Furthermore, long-term complications like growth disturbances have to be considered and prevented by early definitive treatment.
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BACKGROUND: The treatment for displaced Salter-Harris II (S-H II) distal tibia fractures remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to review S-H II distal tibia fractures and evaluate the rate of premature physeal closure (PPC) treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). METHODS: We reviewed the charts and radiographs of S-H II fractures of the distal tibia with displacement > 3 mm between 2012 and 2019 treated by ORIF. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. CT scans of injured side or contralateral ankle radiograph were obtained if there was any evidence of PPC. Any angular deformity or shortening of the involved leg was documented. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of PPC. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients with a mean age of 11.8 years were included in this study. The mean initial displacement was 8.0 mm. All patients but one were treated within 7 days after injury and the mean interval was 3.7 days. Supination-external rotation injuries occurred in 50 patients, pronation-eversion external rotation in 13, and supination-plantar flexion in two. The residual gap was less than 1 mm in all patients following ORIF and all fractures healed within 4-6 weeks. Superficial skin infection developed in one patient. Ten patients complained of the cosmetic scar. The rate of PPC was 29.2% and two patients with PPC developed a varus deformity of the ankle. Patients with associated fibular fracture had 7 times greater odds of developing PPC. Age, gender, injured side, mechanism of injury, amount of initial displacement, interval from injury to surgery, or energy of injury did not significantly affect the rate of PPC. CONCLUSIONS: ORIF was an effective choice of treatment for S-H II distal tibia fractures with displacement > 3 mm to obtain a satisfactory reduction. PPC is a common complication following ORIF. The presence of concomitant fibula fracture was associated with PPC.
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Tornozelo/anormalidades , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/métodos , Redução Aberta/métodos , Fraturas Salter-Harris/cirurgia , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgia , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Deformidades Adquiridas do Pé/etiologia , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Redução Aberta/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fraturas Salter-Harris/classificação , Fraturas da Tíbia/classificação , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND: . This study performed to investigate the incidence of growth arrest such as leg length discrepancy (LLD) and ankle joint angular deformity and its risk factors after physeal fracture of the distal tibia in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: . Consecutive 78 patients (mean age 11.4 ± 2.0 years; mean follow-up period 2.0 ± 1.2 years) treated for the distal tibia physeal fracture were included. All patients underwent preoperative ankle radiographs, three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans, and postoperative follow-up teleradiogram. Patients were divided into two groups according to the LLD and the difference of lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA) with the contralateral limb as follows: Group 1 (growth arrest), patients with LLD ≥ 1cm or difference of LDTA ≥ 5°; Group 2 (normal growth), patients with LLD < 1cm and difference of LDTA < 5°. RESULTS: . The overall incidence of growth arrest was 12.8% (10 of 78). The mean displacement measured using CT scan was 4.4 ± 3.2 mm (range, 0.8-14.9). Of the total 78 fractures, 65 were treated surgically and 13 fractures were treated conservatively. The initial fracture displacement was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to other factors. Initial displacement was the only significant risk factor for growth arrest (p<0.003). The cutoff values of initial displacement between the two groups were 5.2mm. CONCLUSIONS: . This study showed that degree of initial displacement was the only significant risk factor for growth arrest after physeal fracture of the distal tibia in children and adolescents. Therefore, physicians should consider the possibility of growth arrest for patients with severely displaced physeal fractures of the distal tibia.
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Tíbia , Fraturas da Tíbia , Adolescente , Criança , Lâmina de Crescimento , Humanos , Desigualdade de Membros Inferiores/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de Risco , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/cirurgia , Fraturas da Tíbia/complicações , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Proximal physeal fracture of the medial clavicular physis is a rare specific injury occurring in the immature skeletal. Several studies describe unilateral cases with posterior or anterior displacement and the following complications (vascular and mediastinal compression). An immediate diagnosis and management are necessary to avoid complications. The clinical diagnostic might be obvious or difficult, pain and swelling in the sternoclavicular joint area, sometimes a deformity and focal tenderness. A chest X-Ray may help and a three-dimensional reconstructed computed tomography scan has to be done to evaluate the lesions before surgery. The imaging is useful to confirm and specify the diagnostic and the displacement. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case report presents 4 cases of proximal physeal fracture of the medial clavicular physis in 2 male-teenagers with bilateral displacement, one posterior and the other asymmetric. DISCUSSION: After reviewing the literature of the unilateral clavicular physeal fracture, we can conclude that the ideal management of these injuries has not been well described. An open reduction associated an osteosuture with non-resorbable suture was performed. One-year follow-up, both of them had full recovery without any functional impact or any complains. This management of the proximal physeal fracture of the medial clavicle on children shows an excellent result according our cases and the literature. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the functional impact of osteosuture in medial bilateral clavicular physeal fracture in teenagers after 1-year follow-up.
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Physeal fractures are typical in childhood and for their involvement of the germinal layer of the physis they can be followed by growth complications. Axial deviation is one of these. Considering the young age of the patients it is critical to restore articular correct alignment with the least invasive surgery possible. We report here the first case of correction of post traumatic tibial varus deviation with exapodalic external fixator.
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Fraturas Ósseas , Fraturas da Tíbia , Criança , Fixadores Externos , Lâmina de Crescimento , Humanos , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Tíbia/cirurgia , Fraturas da Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas da Tíbia/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures are rare and difficult to diagnose. Thus, missed diagnoses and delayed healing are possible. Few studies have reported surgical treatment, because a callus may develop at the fracture site 5 d after the fracture, resulting in difficult reduction, and reduction of the limb may cause further physeal injury. Other surgical challenges include the provision of adequate anesthesia and complexity of the operation. However, without appropriate reduction and fixation, a varus elbow deformity may develop. Manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation are ideal treatment options. CASE SUMMARY: A 4-day-old neonate with left elbow pain accompanied by limited movement for 4 d was admitted, and diagnosed with delayed physeal fracture of the distal humerus based on physical examination, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was treated by manual reduction combined with percutaneous pin fixation under arthrography. Postoperatively, the reduction was successful. The upper limbs could have been lifted and the fingers could have been moved freely on the second day after the operation. CONCLUSION: The techniques of manual reduction and percutaneous pin fixation, to treat neonatal distal humeral physeal fractures, are safe and reliable.
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INTRODUCTION: Posterior sternoclavicular joint fracture-dislocations are a rare and often missed diagnosis. They represent <1% of shoulder girdle injuries and are nine times less common than anterior dislocations. These injuries can be associated with life-threatening complications such as compression of the superior mediastinal structures including the great vessels and brachial plexus. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case describes a 23-year-old woman who was initially discharged from the emergency department but represented 8 days later with symptoms of venous and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome as a result of posterior displacement of a Salter 2 fracture-dislocation at the sternoclavicular joint. Multidisciplinary consensus and patient preference resulted in the conservative management of her injuries with intensive rehabilitation and close outpatient follow-up. DISCUSSION: The evidence regarding this rare injury is evolving. It currently suggests all posteriorly displaced fracture-dislocations at the sternoclavicular joint are reduced. Closed reduction is often unsuccessful and open reduction is high risk and must be undertaken in the presence of a cardiothoracic surgeon which may not always be appropriate or in line with patient preferences. There are limited reports of successful conservative management of these injuries and none in the setting of thoracic outlet syndrome. CONCLUSION: This unique case report is the first to describe outcomes of a conservatively managed, posteriorly displaced fracture-dislocation at the sternoclavicular joint with associated venous and neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. This information will benefit select patients.
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INTRODUCTION: Proximal humerus fractures in the pediatric population are relatively uncommon accounting for <3% of all the fractures. Being the growing end of the bone, these fractures have a high threshold for conservative management. Dilemma does exist when such a fracture occurs in a borderline adolescent age group. Occurrence of bilateral physeal fractures in the same anatomical location is exceedingly rare and such a case of bilateral traumatic physeal fracture of proximal humerus has not been reported in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 14-year-old male child presented with post-traumatic pain and swelling of both the shoulders. Radiographs revealed displaced proximal humerus physeal fracture bilaterally. The displaced fracture was treated with closed reduction and percutaneous fixation using smooth Kirschner wires and cannulated screw. CONCLUSION: Considering the bilateral nature of the injury and a borderline age with limited remodeling potential, a lower threshold for conservative therapy must be adopted in young active individuals. High-velocity trauma does form a major cause of such bilateral injuries, however, nutritional deficiencies and metabolic causes should be kept in mind while treating such a rare pattern of injury.