Exercise reduces physical alterations in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has serious physical consequences for children such as behavioral disabilities, growth disorders, neuromuscular problems, impaired motor coordination, and decreased muscle tone. However, it is not known whether loss of muscle strength occurs, and which interventions will effectively mitigate physical PAE impairments. We aimed to investigate whether physical alteration persists during adolescence and whether exercise is an effective intervention. RESULTS: Using paradigms to evaluate different physical qualities, we described that early adolescent PAE animals have significant alterations in agility and strength, without alterations in balance and coordination compared to CTRL animals. We evaluated the effectiveness of 3 different exercise protocols for 4 weeks: Enrichment environment (EE), Endurance exercise (EEX), and Resistance exercise (REX). The enriched environment significantly improved the strength in the PAE group but not in the CTRL group whose strength parameters were maintained even during exercise. Resistance exercise showed the greatest benefits in gaining strength, and endurance exercise did not. CONCLUSION: PAE induced a significant decrease in strength compared to CTRL in PND21. Resistance exercise is the most effective to reverse the effects of PAE on muscular strength. Our data suggests that individualized, scheduled, and supervised training of resistance is more beneficial than endurance or enriched environment exercise for adolescents FASD.

A Systematic Review of Youth and All-Terrain Vehicles Safety in Agriculture.

All-terrain vehicle (ATV) incidents are one of the leading causes of injuries and fatalities among youth in the agricultural industry. It has been hypothesized that many youth-related ATV incidents occur because children ride ATVs that do not fit their capabilities and are not following basic safe riding practices. In addition, various ATV safety guidelines regarding youth (e.g., CPSC, ANSI/SVIA, ASI) are inconsistent and may not align with state or local laws. To the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive studies have compared the physical and mental requirements for riding ATVs and the youth's capabilities to ride ATVs safely. Consequently, there are no scientific-based recommendations for age limitation, physical and mental capabilities, and safety requirements for youth to ride ATVs safely. Thus, there is a need to review the available sources related to youth safety and ATVs in the agricultural industry, identify the research voids, and recommend modifications to current ATV guidelines. This study conducted a systematic review of available ATV-related studies, standards, guidelines, and laws to establish better-informed minimum age, physical and mental capabilities, and safety requirements for youths to ride ATVs on the farm.

Corrigendum: Effects of a 3-week inpatient multidisciplinary body weight reduction program on body composition and physical capabilities in adolescents and adults with obesity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.840018.].

APPROPRIATE LEVELS OF PHYSICAL CAPACITIES DEVELOPMENT IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT STATE OF HEALTH.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To justify the appropriate levels of physical capabilities development in 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of physical health. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The research involved 101 12-13-years-old female high-school students. The choice of the female high-school students of this age is due to the greatest variability of their morphofunctional state. The physical health of the girls was assessed according to the method of H. L. Apanasenko. Physical fitness was assessed with the help of 13 motor tests that determine different aspects of girls' physical capabilities. RESULTS: Results: Appropriate normative standards of physical fitness for 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of health and rational parameters of physical activity were determined. It was established that a rational option for planning physical training for 12-13-years-old girls is: 26 % of time should be spent on strength development; speed and strength qualities and agility - by 22 %; endurance - 18 % and speed qualities - 12 %. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: It was found that the main principle of the implementation of developmental and health-oriented training sessions for physical education of adolescents is the differentiated use of loads and assessment of their physical fitness. Calculated with the help of correlation coefficients and regression equations, the appropriate values of physical development in 12-13-years-old girls with different levels of physical health make it possible, using appropriate exercises, to eliminate deviations in their health indicators.

Effects of a 3-Week Inpatient Multidisciplinary Body Weight Reduction Program on Body Composition and Physical Capabilities in Adolescents and Adults With Obesity.

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the short-term changes in body composition and physical capabilities in subjects with obesity during a multidisciplinary inpatient body weight reduction program (BWRP). Methods: One hundred thirty-nine adolescents (56 boys and 83 girls; BMI: 37.1 ± 6.5 kg/m2; Fat Mass, FM: 45.3 ± 7.2%) and 71 adults (27 males and 44 females; BMI: 44 ± 4.7 kg/m2; FM: 51.4 ± 4.7%) followed a 3-week inpatient BWRP consisting of regular physical activity, moderate energy restriction, nutritional education and psychological counseling. Before (T0) and after the end of the BWRP (T21), body composition was assessed with an impedancemeter, lower limb muscle power with Margaria Stair Climbing Test (SCT), lower limb functionality with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the capacity of performing activity of daily living (ADL) with Physical Performance Test (PPT). Results: At T21, obese adolescents showed a 4% reduction in body mass (BM) (p < 0.001), associated with a FM reduction in boys (-10%) and girls (-6%) (p < 0.001) and with a 3% reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) recorded only in boys (p = 0.013). Obese adults showed a 5% BM reduction (p < 0.001), associated with a 2% FFM and 9% FM reduction (p < 0.001) in males, and 7% FM reduction in females (p < 0.001). Regarding physical capabilities, at T21 in obese adolescents, PPT score increased by 4% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by -5% (boys) and -7% (girls) (p < 0.001), while SPPB score did not change significantly. In obese adults at T21, PPT score increased by 9% (p < 0.001), SCT decreased by -16% (p < 0.001) only in females, and SPPB score increased by 7% (males) and 10% (females) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, moderate energy restriction and regular physical activity determine a 4-5% BM reduction during a 3-week inpatient BWRP, improve physical capabilities and induce beneficial changes in body composition in adolescents and adults with obesity. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano (Milan, Italy; research code: 01C124; acronym: PRORIPONATFIS). Registered 11 November 2020 - Retrospectively registered.

Gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older adults: results from the NuAge study.

BACKGROUND: Even with healthy and active aging, many older adults will experience a decrease in physical capacities. This decrease might be associated with diminished functional autonomy. However, little is known about the physical capacities associated with functional autonomy in older women and men. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine gender-specific associations between functional autonomy and physical capacities in independent older women and men. METHODS: Secondary analyses were carried out using cross-sectional data from 652 women and 613 men who participated in the NuAge longitudinal study. The "functional autonomy measurement system" (SMAF) was used to evaluate functional autonomy. The physical capacities measured (tests used) were: biceps and quadriceps strength (Microfet dynamometer), grip strength (Martin vigorimeter), unipodal balance, changing position & walking (timed up and go), normal & fast walking (four-meter walking speed) and changing position (chair stand). Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses adjusted for age, depressive symptoms and body composition were performed. RESULTS: On average, participants were aged 73 years and had mild to moderate functional autonomy loss. In women, after controlling for age, depressive symptoms and body composition, greater functional autonomy was best explained by faster changing position & walking skills and superior biceps strength (R(2)=0.46; p<0.001). After controlling for depressive symptoms, faster changing position & walking skills and better unipodal balance best explained greater functional autonomy in men (R(2)=0.21; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to these results, physical capacities are moderately associated with functional autonomy among independent older adults, especially women.

Capacidades físico-motrices y perfil antropométrico: escolares entre los 7 y 11 años de la básica primaria de la institución educativa Rafael J. Mejía delmunicipio de Sabaneta (Colombia), 2012 / Physical motor skills and anthropometric profile: elementary school studens between 7 and 11 years old from Rafael J. Mej¡a School in Sabaneta (Colombia), 2012

La presente investigacion tuvo como objetivos determinar el estado actual de las capacidades fisicas y del perfil antropometrico en los estudiantes de la Institucion Educativa Rafael J. Mejiadel municipio de Sabaneta, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia, y determinar la relacion entre estas variables. Se selecciono aleatoriamente una muestra estratificada de 207 alumnos (99 ninos 44%; 108 ninas, 56%) de un total de 455 escolares de la Institucion Educativa. Seaplicaron los procedimientos de medicion y de evaluacion propuestos por J uregui y Ordonez(1993). Los resultados mostraron que una considerable proporcion de la muestra estuvo porencima del percentil 75 para las pruebas antropometricas y de los pliegues subcut neos, y pordebajo del percentil 25 en las capacidades fisicas. Dichos resultados permiten concluir que existe una tendencia de estos ninos hacia la obesidad y el sedentarismo.

This study aims to determine the current state of Physical skills and anthropometric profile, and the relation between these variables, in students of the Rafael J. Mejia School, in Sabaneta. Astratified simple of 207 students (99 boys, 44% 108 girls, 56%) was randomly selected from atotal of 455 students. We applied measurement procedures and evaluation proposed by J uregui and Ordo¤ez (1993). The results showed that a considerable proportion of the sample was above the 75th percentile for anthropometric tests and skinfolds; below the 25th percentile in physical abilities. This suggests that there is a tendency in these children to obesity and physical inactivity.