Pioneers of progress: Documenting the legacy of underrepresented radiologists.

PURPOSE: This study aims to illuminate the enduring contributions of underrepresented pioneers in radiology, emphasizing their resilience, innovations, and the significant barriers they overcame. By weaving their achievements into the broader narrative of medical science, this research highlights the critical role of diversity and progress in the evolution of radiology. HISTORICAL EXPLORATION: This narrative review chronicles the significant contributions of underrepresented radiologists from the early 20th century to the present. By synthesizing historical data, biographical sketches, and contemporary medical literature, we highlight the pivotal roles these pioneers have played in advancing radiology. Their groundbreaking work not only enhanced medical imaging technologies and practices but also championed the cause of diversity and inclusion within the field. These stories of perseverance and innovation underscore the ongoing need for an inclusive approach in the medical community, reflecting on how diversity has shaped and will continue to influence the evolution of radiology. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION: The study identifies several pivotal figures, such as Marcus F. Wheatland, the first known African American radiologist, and Ivy O. Roach Brooks, the first woman to lead a radiology department at a major U.S. hospital. It explores their wide-ranging contributions from clinical practice and education to leadership and advocacy for diversity within the medical profession. The legacies of these radiologists illuminate not just their individual accomplishments but also reflect the broader struggle for equality and representation in the medical field. Their determination and excellence have paved the way for future generations, significantly enhancing the inclusivity and diversity of the radiology field. CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND APPLICATION: Understanding the contributions of these underrepresented radiologists enriches the field's perspective on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Highlighting these pioneers underscores the importance of mentorship, representation, and advocacy in creating an environment where all talented individuals can thrive. Insights from this historical analysis are crucial for shaping future policies and practices in radiology and medical education, ensuring the continuation of these trailblazers' inspiring legacy.

Bibliometric and scientometric analysis of PSMA-targeted radiotheranostics: knowledge mapping and global standing.

Purpose: Bibliometric and scientometric analyses provide a structured approach to large amounts of data, enabling the prediction of research theme trends over time, the detection of shifts in the boundaries of disciplines, and the identification of the most productive countries, institutions and scholars. In the context of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotheranostics, no bibliometric or scientometric analysis has been published thus far. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify key contributors to the literature, assess the global scientific production of related research, and possibly predict future development patterns. Methods: Scientometrics and bibliometrics were utilized to analyze the current body of knowledge while tracking its evolution to support scientific decision-making comprehensively and systematically. Science mapping techniques were employed to visualize research activities. Two different tools, Tableau and VOSviewer, were utilized, with VOSviewer being deemed the most suitable for the research objectives. The Web of Science (WoS) was used as the principal database for the searches. Results: Through the search process over a period of 30 years (January 1993-January 2023), 694 original studies in the English language were subjected to comprehensive analysis. By employing bibliometric and scientometric methods, multiple networks were created that mapped various concepts, such as publication trends, leading countries, cocitations, coauthorship among researchers and scientists, as well as coauthorship among organizations and funding agencies. This study revealed the evolutionary patterns, trends, outliers, and key players in the PSMA field, which enabled a more nuanced understanding of the research landscape. Conclusion: This research contributes to the enrichment of knowledge on PSMA-targeted radiotheranostics through detailed global bibliometric and scientometric analyses. It stresses the necessity for the development of communication platforms, the establishment of supportive infrastructures, and the implementation of proactive solutions to address emerging challenges. This study offers a significant resource for delineating effective strategies and identifying prominent funding bodies essential for continuous advancements in the field of PSMA-based diagnosis and therapy for prostate cancer. It is vital to sustain this momentum to ensure further progress in this pioneering area.

F. Mason Sones Jr.: The Serendipitous Discovery of Coronary Angiography and Its Lasting Impact on Cardiology.

F. Mason Sones Jr. (1918-1985) was a pioneering cardiologist whose groundbreaking work revolutionized the field of cardiology. His accidental discovery of coronary angiography in 1958 at the Cleveland Clinic provided physicians with the first clear visualization of coronary arteries in living patients, paving the way for the development of coronary artery bypass surgery and interventional cardiology. This review article explores F. Mason Sones Jr.'s life and career, and his lasting impact on the field of cardiology. Born in Noxapater, MS, in 1918, F. Mason Sones Jr. attended Western Maryland College (Westminster, MD) and the University of Maryland School of Medicine (Baltimore, MD) before completing his internship and residency at the University Hospital (Baltimore, MD) and Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit, MI), respectively. After serving in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II, F. Mason Sones Jr. joined the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, OH), in 1950, as the head of pediatric cardiology, where he combined his expertise in cardiac catheterization with his interest in congenital heart disease. F. Mason Sones Jr.'s serendipitous discovery of coronary angiography occurred during a routine cardiac catheterization procedure when he inadvertently injected contrast dye directly into the right coronary artery. Realizing that smaller amounts of dye could safely opacify the coronary arteries, F. Mason Sones Jr. refined and standardized the technique of selective coronary angiography, collaborating with engineers to improve X-ray imaging and establishing protocols that remain the standard of care today. F. Mason Sones Jr.'s work provided the foundation for the development of coronary artery bypass surgery by Dr. René Favaloro and the birth of interventional cardiology, as pioneered by Dr. Andreas Gruentzig. As the director of cardiovascular disease at the Cleveland Clinic (1966-1975), F. Mason Sones Jr. mentored and inspired a generation of cardiologists, cementing his legacy as a visionary leader in the field. Throughout his career, F. Mason Sones Jr. received numerous awards and honors, including the American Medical Association's Scientific Achievement Award and the Gairdner Foundation International Award. He co-founded and served as the first president of the Society for Cardiac Angiography (now SCAI), an organization dedicated to advancing the field of interventional cardiology. This review article pays tribute to F. Mason Sones Jr.'s enduring contributions to the field of cardiology, highlighting his role as a pioneer, innovator, and mentor. His legacy continues to inspire and guide generations of cardiologists in their pursuit of improving patient care and pushing the boundaries of cardiovascular medicine.

CONTRIBUTIONS AND LEGACIES OF SELECTED BLACK PIONEERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY AND INSTITUTIONAL MILESTONES.

PURPOSE: Establishing a record of key contributions of early Black ophthalmologists can help illuminate future generations. We aimed to identify major physician pioneers in Ophthalmology, delineate their contributions, and place their ascendance in an historical context to understand the institutional and cultural barriers they overcame to achieve success. METHODS: Pubmed and other databases were searched, along with death notices and archeological records, using "Black," "African American," "eye surgeon," "Negro," "Journal of the National Medical Association" and other search terms. Librarians from the Library of Congress, National Institutes of Health, and key ophthalmology-training institutions were consulted, as were the American Academy of Ophthalmology and American Board of Ophthalmology. Family members and colleagues of selected deceased pioneers were interviewed. RESULTS: Many early pioneers emerged from historically black institutions, as Black students and practitioners were then typically excluded elsewhere. Mentorship is a key theme that emerged in the careers of many pioneers and the Black ophthalmologists they trained. CONCLUSIONS: Black ophthalmologists have contributed tremendously to eye-care practice, education, and innovation. Efforts to recruit and train Black ophthalmologists should include highlighting the roles of Black pioneers, increasing educational and training access for underrepresented in medicine at the institutional level, and expanding pathway and mentorship programs.

Saudi women STEM pioneers: penetrating the mud ceiling.

Although researchers actively study women's experiences in STEM fields, few do so from women's perspective. We thematically analyzed life narrative semi-structured interview data (46-item open-ended instrument, 90-120 Min) from eight STEM pioneering Saudi Arabian women careerists (mathematics, medicine, and biology) (convenience sample summer 2023). The objective was to glean their insights to discern self-reported influences (internal and external), struggles, and challenges in launching and advancing their careers. The extremely accomplished participants (all married, most with children) averaged age 65+, had 40+ years of experience and came from the three largest Saudi provinces. Important factors influencing choosing STEM included personality traits (e.g., deep desire to academically succeed; problem focused); secondary school peer/academic learning experiences; and male family member support, especially fathers. Struggles and challenges (often viewed as opportunities) included the mud (not glass) ceiling; male colleagues' harsh, prejudiced treatment; and unsupportive administration. Participants were research driven and willing to relocate, re-educate, and change direction to establish and advance their careers. Implications for future research and policy initiatives are woven into the discussion and recommendations.

The first neurosurgical service in Texas: neurosurgery at the University of Texas Medical Branch (1937-2023).

The authors present a historical analysis of the first neurosurgical service in Texas. Initially established as a subdivision within the Department of Surgery in the early 1900s, this service eventually evolved into the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). The pivotal contributions of individual chiefs of neurosurgery throughout the years are highlighted, emphasizing their roles in shaping the growth of the neurosurgery division. The challenges faced by the neurosurgical division are documented, with particular attention given to the impact of hurricanes on Galveston Island, Texas, which significantly disrupted hospital operations. Additionally, a detailed account of recent clinical and research expansions is presented, along with the future directions envisioned for the Department of Neurosurgery. This work offers a comprehensive historical narrative of the neurosurgical service at UTMB, chronicling its journey of growth and innovation, and underscoring its profound contributions to Galveston's healthcare services, extending its impact beyond the local community.

A pioneer of neuroradiology: The life and career of Dr. Anne G. Osborn.

Dr. Anne G. Osborn is renowned for her pioneering contributions to neuroradiology and is internationally recognized in shaping the field and is widely acknowledged as a trailblazer and educator. This review encompasses her career trajectory, from her initial exposure to radiology in medical school and her seminal contributions. The following account explores her life, challenges, achievements, and enduring impact on neuroradiology.

Corrigendum: 1821-2021: contributions of physicians and researchers of Greek descent in the advancement of clinical and experimental cardiology and cardiac surgery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1231762.].

History of creatinine clearance: tribute to a forerunner.

It is known to few that the path to the discovery of the long-denied plasma creatinine and its clearance was long and difficult. For quite a long time, related controversies between different groups of researchers were widespread and heated. The scientists who have dealt with the related problems are among the most famous of the last century and some of them are part of the history of medicine. Giovanni Ferro-Luzzi, an Italian clinician, was one of these researchers. He was among the first to detect and dose plasma creatinine and the first ever to measure the clearance of endogenous creatinine (CrCl). Unfortunately, due to a series of unforeseeable events, he has been completely forgotten together with his undertakings. In this review we retrace the steps that led to the measurement of plasma creatinine, and CrCl. With brief biographical notes we try to explain the oblivion of this important figure and of his nephrological accomplishments.

1821-2021: Contributions of physicians and researchers of Greek descent in the advancement of clinical and experimental cardiology and cardiac surgery.

While the role of Greeks in the development of early western medicine is well-known and appreciated, the contributions of modern Greek medical practitioners are less known and often overlooked. On the occasion of the 200-year anniversary of the Greek War of Independence, this review article sheds light onto the achievements of modern scientists of Greek descent in the development of cardiology, cardiac surgery, and cardiovascular research, through a short history of the development of these fields and of the related institutions in Greece. In the last decades, the Greek cardiology and Cardiac Surgery communities have been active inside and outside Greece and have a remarkable presence internationally, particularly in the United States. This article highlights the ways in which Greek cardiology and cardiovascular research has been enriched by absorbing knowledge produced in international medical centers, academic institutes and pharmaceutical industries in which generations of Greek doctors and researchers trained prior to their return to the homeland; it also highlights the achievements of medical practitioners and researchers of Greek descent who excelled abroad, producing ground-breaking work that has left a permanent imprint on global medicine.

[The paracervical block: the method and its pioneer]. / Die Parazervikalblockade: die Methode und ihr Wegbereiter.

From the 1950s to the end of the 1980s the implementation of the so-called paracervical block (PCB) belonged to the therapeutic measures for pain relief. Due to its apparent simplicity and lack of potential risks the method was performed by the obstetricians themselves. The method is especially suitable for the painful opening period during the birth process. The procedure attained worldwide popularity up to the date when potential associated risks, namely for the fetus, became evident and is nowadays regarded as obsolete. The origins of the regional anesthesia procedure can be traced to Philipp Gellert, a Jewish physician from Dresden, Germany, who in 1926 first reported on his experiences with the method. Comparable to the anesthetic procedure performed decades later, he combined the nerve block with pudendal anesthesia and the administration of a uterine tonic. As further biographical information about Gellert, who was murdered in 1942 due to his Jewish roots, has not yet become widely known, the eventful history of the anesthetic procedure he once described are sketched and his biography is outlined.

The unknown and misunderstood life of Ruggero Oddi, the pioneer of biliary system physiology.

Ruggero Oddi was a talented scientist who initiated the modern era of biliary system physiology, not only with the anatomical discovery of the hepatopancreatic sphincter, but also with the detailed description of its spinal center and nerve regulation. However, his personal and scientific life were determined by an incredible series of unfortunate circumstances. Until now most of these events have been unknown, while the few known have produced biographies distorted by fake interpretations. The purpose of this article is to document Oddi's biography and scientific production in detail, comprehensively framing the scientific environment in which his discoveries occurred. It clears many misinterpretations about events in Oddi's life and academic career, bringing to a new light his figure as scientist in gastroenterological field.

[Beyond the trenches, two German pioneers of plastic surgery]. / Au-delà des tranchées, deux pionniers allemands de la chirurgie plastique.

Cosmetic and reconstructive surgery has existed in many forms since antiquity, but it was the impulse given by the Great War that gave birth to plastic and cosmetic surgery as we know it today. After the Great War, the names of the most famous pioneers of the allies' side are Sir Harold Gillies, Mac Indoe and also Hippolyte Morestin; however, the surgeons of the enemy axis, beyond the trenches, faced the same constraints with their own war casualties. We present the destinies of two great pioneers of plastic surgery within the beautiful German Bismarckian period: Professor Erich Lexer, and "non-professor" Jakob Joseph.

HUNDRED YEARS OF THE PSYCHOANALYTIC PROGRESSIVE MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT.

Beginning in 1920 and in keeping with Freud's sustained encouragement, the first two generations of European psychoanalysts initiated a progressive mental health movement by offering very low cost and free psychoanalytic services that were in harmony with Austrian social democratic and socialist political leaders' commitment to societal reforms in light of the economic and social inequities after the First World War. This synthesis of biographical and autobiographical accounts of early Freudian, Ego Psychology and Neo-Freudian theorists' contributions highlights their consideration of the effects of social injustice as central challenges to the development of psychological growth.

Ayse Sadiye Güvendiren and Hatice Azra Demirelli: Turkey's first certified female dentists.

Ayse Sadiye Güvendiren and Hatice Azra Demirelli were the first Turkish female dentists. In a country that came out of the First World War and fought for her independence, they laid the foundations of women's presence in the Turkish dental community and took their honorable place in history with their courage, devotion, and determination.

A concise history of echocardiography: timeline, pioneers, and landmark publications.

Echocardiography is less than 70 years old, and many major advances have occurred within living memory, but already some pioneering contributions may be overlooked. In order to consider what circumstances have been common to the most successful innovations, we have studied and here provide a timeline and summary of the most important developments in transthoracic and transoesophageal ultrasound imaging and Doppler techniques, as well as in intravascular ultrasound and imaging in paediatric cardiology. The entries are linked to a comprehensive list of first publications and to a collection of first-hand historical accounts published by early investigators. Review of the original manuscripts highlights that it is difficult to establish unequivocal precedence for many new imaging methods, since engineers were often working independently but simultaneously on similar problems. Many individuals who are prominently linked with particular developments were not the first in their field. Developments in echocardiography have been highly dependent on technological advances, and most likely to be successful when engineers and clinicians were able to collaborate with open exchange between centres and disciplines. As with many other new medical technologies, initial responses were sceptical and introduction into clinical practice required persistence and substantial energy from the first adopters. Current developments involve advances in software as much as in equipment, and progress will depend on continuing collaborations between engineers and clinical scientists, for example to identify unmet needs and to investigate the clinical impact of particular imaging approaches.

Reflections on the Evolution of the Specialty of Endodontics in Colombia, South America.

The historical development of Endodontics as a specialty in Colombia, South America was due primarily to the influence of a few key endodontists from the United States and the industriousness and dynamic vision of leading dental professionals from Bogotá and Medellín, Colombia.

History of Orthodontics in Brazil - First Brazilian Specialist.

At the beginning of the 20th century science was beginning to transform the world, including Brazil. All aspects of dentistry were considered essential to the welfare of the people and that may also have included orthodontics. It is possible then to assume that the manufacturing of some orthodontic appliances was already being taught in the educational courses. However, the lack of didactic orthodontic texts in Portuguese was a problem, when considering literature as one of the pillars that would support advancements in the science and practice of orthodontics. This difficulty, however, was solved in 1910, when the third edition of the Odontological Manual by Coelho e Souza was published including a chapter on orthodontics. Some years later Carlos Lustosa became interested in this subject after reading the paper by Angle that presented the ribbon arch appliance. He went to Pasadena (CA) and convinced Angle to accept him as a student. In 1923 he completed the course at the Angle School of Orthodontia, becoming the first Brazilian specialist in orthodontics. He treated patients with the ribbon arch until his death in 1937. However, did his search for knowledge outside the country influence the course of Brazilian orthodontics?

Excellence and duty: Dr. James F. Densler, the first black pediatric surgeon in the United States.

Dr. James F. Densler is a remarkable figure in pediatric surgery for both his pioneering of pediatric operations and, perhaps more importantly, shattering racial barriers. Despite growing up in the segregated South, being barred admission to his initial medical school of choice and experiencing a racially motivated bombing while in medical school, Densler persevered with the desire to fulfill the need he saw in his community, becoming the first practicing Black pediatric surgeon in the United States. His continued devotion to service later led him become a critical figure in the education of students at the newly formed Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Through an extensive literature review and personal interviews with Dr. Densler and his colleagues, this paper outlines Dr. James Densler's life, surgical career, and the indelible mark he leaves behind.