Performance Parameters, Plasma Lipid Status, and Lymphoid Tissue Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chicks Fed Camelina Cake

The effects of dietary camelina cake (CAMC) on broiler chicksgrowth performance, plasma lipid status and fatty acid profile (FA) of lymphoid organs were evaluated. Six hundred broilers (3-week-old, Cobb 500) were randomly allotted for 20 days in a feeding trials into 2 groups: control (C; corn-soybean meal-canola meal basal diet) and experimental (CAMC; 80 g CAMC/kg diet replaces canola meal from C diet). Blood samples (n=12/group) were collected on day 42 for plasma profile analysis (glucose, Glu; total cholesterol, TC; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; triglycerides) and immune organs (spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius) for FA analysis. The FA profile of lymphoid tissue was determined by gas chromatography. Feeding the CAMC diet did not influence broilers performance parameters or relative weights of lymphoid tissue, except the weight of bursa that decreased (p 0.05). Plasma lipids profile was affected by decreasing (p 0.05) the concentrations of Glu, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in broilers fed the CAMC diet. In all lymphoid tissue, the total content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (p 0.001) and the total level of n-6 PUFA decreased (p 0.001) as the effect of the CAMC diet. The n-6:n-3 ratio decreased (p 0.001) up to 5:1 in all lymphoid tissue. The higher (p 0.05) concentration of arachidonic acid was found in the spleen, followed by the thymus and the bursa of the chicks fed the CAMC diet. Our results indicate that feeding 80 g/kg camelina cakes in broiler chicks finisher diet had no negative impact on productivity, beneficially alter the plasma lipid status and fatty acids profile of lymphoid tissue.

Performance Parameters, Plasma Lipid Status, and Lymphoid Tissue Fatty Acid Profile of Broiler Chicks Fed Camelina Cake

The effects of dietary camelina cake (CAMC) on broiler chicksgrowth performance, plasma lipid status and fatty acid profile (FA) of lymphoid organs were evaluated. Six hundred broilers (3-week-old, Cobb 500) were randomly allotted for 20 days in a feeding trials into 2 groups: control (C; corn-soybean meal-canola meal basal diet) and experimental (CAMC; 80 g CAMC/kg diet replaces canola meal from C diet). Blood samples (n=12/group) were collected on day 42 for plasma profile analysis (glucose, Glu; total cholesterol, TC; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C; triglycerides) and immune organs (spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius) for FA analysis. The FA profile of lymphoid tissue was determined by gas chromatography. Feeding the CAMC diet did not influence broilers performance parameters or relative weights of lymphoid tissue, except the weight of bursa that decreased (p 0.05). Plasma lipids profile was affected by decreasing (p 0.05) the concentrations of Glu, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C in broilers fed the CAMC diet. In all lymphoid tissue, the total content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (p 0.001) and the total level of n-6 PUFA decreased (p 0.001) as the effect of the CAMC diet. The n-6:n-3 ratio decreased (p 0.001) up to 5:1 in all lymphoid tissue. The higher (p 0.05) concentration of arachidonic acid was found in the spleen, followed by the thymus and the bursa of the chicks fed the CAMC diet. Our results indicate that feeding 80 g/kg camelina cakes in broiler chicks finisher diet had no negative impact on productivity, beneficially alter the plasma lipid status and fatty acids profile of lymphoid tissue.(AU)

Consumption of Amaranth Induces the Accumulation of the Antioxidant Protein Paraoxonase/Arylesterase 1 and Modulates Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity in Plasma of Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Rats.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Amaranth is a source of several bioactive compounds, among which peptides with inhibitory activity upon dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) have been reported. However, there is no information about the action of amaranth DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides using in vivo models. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of amaranth consumption on plasma and kidney DPP-IV activity as well the changes in plasma proteome profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats. METHODS: Rats were fed for 12 weeks with a diet containing 20% popped amaranth grain. Kidneys and blood samples were collected for lipid profile, DPP-IV activity and expression, and proteomic analysis. RESULTS: Total cholesterol and DPP-IV activity in plasma was increased in hyperglycemic rats, but this effect was reverted by amaranth consumption. Triacylglycerols were increased in the hyperglycemic group fed amaranth, and the highest levels of high-density lipoproteins were also observed in this group. These data correlated with the accumulation of apolipoprotein A-II in plasma. Accumulation of the antioxidant protein paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats was observed when amaranth was supplied in the diet. CONCLUSION: This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which amaranth exerts its beneficial health action in a hyperglycemic state.

Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters / Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters

Background: Compensatory growth after a feed restriction (FR) period, associated with increased feed intake and digestive adaptation allows the broilers chickens to demonstrate better food conversion efficiency and meat yield when submitted to an early-age food restriction. Differences in levels of feed restriction or on the period of feed restriction need to be adapted to each broilers strain, and should balance an adequate physiological response towards compensatory growth for production of the most suitable carcass, the smallest stress and an adequate immune-competence levels. So far, investigations showed considerable variations concerning broilers response to early life restrictions, physiological associate changes, compensatory growth and fat deposition. This experiment had been done to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction imposed in different intensities and durations on the blood concentrations of energy, protein and lipid metabolites. Materials, Methods & Results: Five experimental treatments included T1 corresponded to controls (ad libitum); T2 and T4 groups were submitted to 25 and 50% feed restriction for one week; and T3 and T5 were feed deprived in 25 and 50% for two weeks, in three replicates of 10 pieces per treatment. Periods previous and subsequent (up to 42 days) to FR periods were fed ad libitum. All chickens were fed with ad libitum befo

Background: Compensatory growth after a feed restriction (FR) period, associated with increased feed intake and digestive adaptation allows the broilers chickens to demonstrate better food conversion efficiency and meat yield when submitted to an early-age food restriction. Differences in levels of feed restriction or on the period of feed restriction need to be adapted to each broilers strain, and should balance an adequate physiological response towards compensatory growth for production of the most suitable carcass, the smallest stress and an adequate immune-competence levels. So far, investigations showed considerable variations concerning broilers response to early life restrictions, physiological associate changes, compensatory growth and fat deposition. This experiment had been done to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction imposed in different intensities and durations on the blood concentrations of energy, protein and lipid metabolites. Materials, Methods & Results: Five experimental treatments included T1 corresponded to controls (ad libitum); T2 and T4 groups were submitted to 25 and 50% feed restriction for one week; and T3 and T5 were feed deprived in 25 and 50% for two weeks, in three replicates of 10 pieces per treatment. Periods previous and subsequent (up to 42 days) to FR periods were fed ad libitum. All chickens were fed with ad libitum befo

Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters

Background: Compensatory growth after a feed restriction (FR) period, associated with increased feed intake and digestive adaptation allows the broilers chickens to demonstrate better food conversion efficiency and meat yield when submitted to an early-age food restriction. Differences in levels of feed restriction or on the period of feed restriction need to be adapted to each broilers strain, and should balance an adequate physiological response towards compensatory growth for production of the most suitable carcass, the smallest stress and an adequate immune-competence levels. So far, investigations showed considerable variations concerning broilers response to early life restrictions, physiological associate changes, compensatory growth and fat deposition. This experiment had been done to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction imposed in different intensities and durations on the blood concentrations of energy, protein and lipid metabolites. Materials, Methods & Results: Five experimental treatments included T1 corresponded to controls (ad libitum); T2 and T4 groups were submitted to 25 and 50% feed restriction for one week; and T3 and T5 were feed deprived in 25 and 50% for two weeks, in three replicates of 10 pieces per treatment. Periods previous and subsequent (up to 42 days) to FR periods were fed ad libitum. All chickens were fed with ad libitum before and after the completion of the restriction period. Feeds were based on corn and soybean meal, and were formulated to contain the same protein and energy levels in all treatments; feed was adapted to the three main phases of the rearing period: the starter period (1-21 days of old), grower period (22-35 days old) and the finisher period (36-42 days old). At the end of the study, at 42 days of age, one bird per group, totalling 3 birds per treatment, was randomly selected for blood collection. Blood samples (1 mL/bird) were collected into EDTA tubes from the wing veins by the end of the experiment, at day 42. Samples were transferred to the laboratory for analysis within 2 h of collection. After centrifugation (3000 g, for 10 min at room temperature) plasma was harvested and stored in eppendorf tubes at -20ºC, until assayed. Severe restriction for a 2 week period showed the highest concentrations for Uric Acid (UAc), Triglycerides, VLDL, as well as the lowest for cholesterol and LDL; also, the highest ratios HDL/LDL were observed in this group, suggesting that birds in this treatment are more susceptible to protein catabolism during fasting and more prone to fat deposition in the carcass. In opposition, mild feed deprived birds showed the highest cholesterol and LDL concentrations in blood along with the lowest UAc, triglycerides and VLDL plasma values; they also showed lower HDL/LDL ratios than controls or severely feed deprived birds. No differences were observed between groups in glucose plasma concentrations. Discussion: The results suggest that feed restriction for longer periods may predispose the bird metabolism for an increased susceptibility for fat deposition, in comparison to the controls or the mild feed restriction treatments. Data gathered in the present study showed that quantitative feed restriction starting by day 8, followed by ad libitum was associated with changes in plasma metabolite concentrations. These changes varied between the two different intensities of FR and the two periods of FR evaluated. The results suggest that, for the same intensity of feed restriction, the length of deprivation may not be a determinant factor in mild FR. However, when severe FR is imposed, the length of FR may be a risk factor for excessive protein catabolism and increased VLDL availability, with the latter favouring precocious fattening of the carcasses. New studies are warranted to strength these results in particular on respect to the establishment of the influences of such changes in plasma metabolites with fatness and fat distribution on broilers.

Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters / Effects of two levels of quantitative feed restriction for a 7- or 14- days period on broilers blood parameters

Background: Compensatory growth after a feed restriction (FR) period, associated with increased feed intake and digestive adaptation allows the broilers chickens to demonstrate better food conversion efficiency and meat yield when submitted to an early-age food restriction. Differences in levels of feed restriction or on the period of feed restriction need to be adapted to each broilers strain, and should balance an adequate physiological response towards compensatory growth for production of the most suitable carcass, the smallest stress and an adequate immune-competence levels. So far, investigations showed considerable variations concerning broilers response to early life restrictions, physiological associate changes, compensatory growth and fat deposition. This experiment had been done to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction imposed in different intensities and durations on the blood concentrations of energy, protein and lipid metabolites. Materials, Methods & Results: Five experimental treatments included T1 corresponded to controls (ad libitum); T2 and T4 groups were submitted to 25 and 50% feed restriction for one week; and T3 and T5 were feed deprived in 25 and 50% for two weeks, in three replicates of 10 pieces per treatment. Periods previous and subsequent (up to 42 days) to FR periods were fed ad libitum. All chickens were fed with ad libitum befo

Background: Compensatory growth after a feed restriction (FR) period, associated with increased feed intake and digestive adaptation allows the broilers chickens to demonstrate better food conversion efficiency and meat yield when submitted to an early-age food restriction. Differences in levels of feed restriction or on the period of feed restriction need to be adapted to each broilers strain, and should balance an adequate physiological response towards compensatory growth for production of the most suitable carcass, the smallest stress and an adequate immune-competence levels. So far, investigations showed considerable variations concerning broilers response to early life restrictions, physiological associate changes, compensatory growth and fat deposition. This experiment had been done to compare the effects of quantitative feed restriction imposed in different intensities and durations on the blood concentrations of energy, protein and lipid metabolites. Materials, Methods & Results: Five experimental treatments included T1 corresponded to controls (ad libitum); T2 and T4 groups were submitted to 25 and 50% feed restriction for one week; and T3 and T5 were feed deprived in 25 and 50% for two weeks, in three replicates of 10 pieces per treatment. Periods previous and subsequent (up to 42 days) to FR periods were fed ad libitum. All chickens were fed with ad libitum befo