Chinese national music platformisation: A systematic review.

Chinese national music is unique to China, and in the past, the single means of distribution and the audience led to the fact that knowledge of Chinese culture and history was limited to national musicians and a subset of fans. With the rapid development of the internet, the dissemination of Chinese national music is no longer limited to live performances, but is beginning to shift to media platforms. Social media has had a tremendous impact on Chinese music culture; people can search for any information they need about Chinese music. With the advancement of social media, groups of internet celebrities such as wanghong () have formed on the internet. This study systematically reviews platformisation and the social media in Chinese national music. Past literature and current notions on Chinese national music development under platformisation are examined given the essentiality of smart devices in developing music through digital technology. The study posed three research questions: 1.What is the current state of development of Chinese national music? What opportunities does platformisation bring to Chinese national music? 2.What areas are the focus for research on platformisation and social media? What is the impact on the music field? 3.What is the history of the development of the Chinese wanghong phenomenon? What impact has it made on Chinese national music? A general systematic review of scholarly articles was conducted for this study using multiple publications from reputable databases: Scopus, Web of Science and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The articles were categorised based on scholarly works involving platforms, platformisation, Chinese national music, social media, and wanghong to determine past study profiles in this domain and relevant knowledge gaps.

Disinformation a problem for democracy: profiling and risks of consensus manipulation.

The aims of this article is to analyze in the post-pandemic era of technological wars how platformisation and the opacity that characterizes it can generate manipulative effects on the dynamics of consensus building. We are now in the era of the self-informative program; the hierarchical dimension of sources has vanished in parallel to the collapse of the authority, credibility, and trustworthiness of classical sources. Now, the user creates his own informative program, which gives rise to a new relationship between digital individuals. With this framework in mind, I intend to analyze the narrative of this post-pandemic phase proposed by mainstream media, using the tool of the fake news hexagon, to verify the impact and spread of fake news through social networks where emotionalism, hate speech, and polarization are accentuated. In fact, the definition of the fake news hexagon was the starting point to study through a predefined method the dynamics of proliferation of fake news to activate correct identification and blocking tools, in line with what is defined in the Digital Transformation Institute's manifesto. Platforms drive the process of identity construction within containers that adapt to the demands of individuals, leading toward a flattening out of results from web searches as these follow the principle of confirmation bias. We assist to an increasing lack of recognition of the other, the individual moves away from commitment, sacrifice, and achieving a higher collective good. It becomes quite evident how, in the face of the collapse of authority, as this new dimension takes hold, the understanding of reality and the construction of public identity can no longer be the result of the ability to decipher messages alone. Media and social multidimensionality necessitate developing new interpretive processes.

Smart Streets as a Cyber-Physical Social Platform: A Conceptual Framework.

Streets perform a number of important functions and have a wide range of activities performed in them. There is a small but growing focus on streets as a more generalisable, atomised, and therefore more manageable unit of development and analysis than cities. Despite the public realm being one of the largest physical spaces on streets, the impact and potential of digitalisation projects on this realm is rarely considered. In this article, the smartness of a street is derived from the cyber-physical social infrastructure in the public realm, including data obtained from sensors, the interconnection between different services, technologies and social actors, intelligence derived from analysis of the data, and optimisation of operations within a street. This article conceptualises smart streets as basic units of urban space that leverage cyber-physical social infrastructure to provide and enable enhanced services to and between stakeholders, and through stakeholders' use of the street, generate data to optimise its services, capabilities, and value to stakeholders. A proposed conceptual framework is used to identify and explore how streets can be augmented and create value through cyber-physical social infrastructure and digital enhancements. We conclude with a discussion of future avenues of research.

Precarização e Plataformização do Trabalho: Efeitos Entre Homens Trabalhadores do Sexo pela Internet / Precarization and Platform Work: Effects Between Men Who Works with Digital Sex / Precariedad y Trabajo de Plataforma: Efectos entre Hombres Trabajadores del Sexo por Internet

O mercado do sexo é amplo e não se resume à prostituição e, em geral, a pesquisa acadêmica é vinculada ao trabalho realizado presencialmente. Com a pandemia de Covid-19 plasmada com as políticas neoliberais vinculadas ao trabalho, houve maior migração das práticas para o ambiente online. Nesse sentido, este artigo almeja refletir sobre as vivências profissionais e histórias de vida dos homens trabalhadores sexuais participantes, correlacionando-as com as políticas de desmonte de direitos sociais e a plataformização do trabalho, majoradas pela pandemia de Covid-19. Realizou-se exploração preliminar do ambiente online do mercado do sexo e, após, procedeu-se às entrevistas narrativas com 5 homens trabalhadores sexuais, que utilizam o Twitter e o OnlyFans para venda de seus serviços. Percebeu-se que a implementação dessas políticas junto com o trabalho plataformizado vulnerabilizam a categoria já marginalizada; que os processos de uso de redes sociais para o trabalho oportunizam o colamento de uma posição influencer dos trabalhadores sexuais, em busca de engajamento; e o mercado sexual transnacional ganha configuração digital, mas mantém recortes raciais e coloniais.

This article discusses the men who work in the sex market by social media professional experiences effects, relating them to the dismantling of political rights, which was increased by the Covid-19 pandemic. The sex market is not limited to prostitution, and generally, academic research is linked to the sex work made in bars, streets, and steam rooms. Since the Covid-19 pandemic is related to neoliberal policies and linked to work, there was a greater migration of practices to the online context. We carried out a preliminary looking at the sex market online environment and then, 5 sex workers men, who used Twitter and OnlyFans to deal their services. They were interviewed through a narrative approach. We perceived that the labor rights dismantle neoliberal politics and pandemic influences in the way how platform work shows up, rendering vulnerable the labor rights; the work context enables a digital influencer position that seeks for engagement; and transnational sex market has a new shape, but it still keeps racial and colonial intersections.

El mercado del sexo es amplio y no se limita a la prostitución y, en general, la investigación académica está vinculada al trabajo realizado en persona. Con la pandemia del Covid-19 configurada por las políticas neoliberales vinculadas al trabajo, hubo una mayor migración de prácticas al entorno online. Así, este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre las experiencias profesionales y las historias de vida de los hombres trabajadores sexuales participantes, correlacionándolas con las políticas de desmantelamiento de derechos sociales y plataforma de trabajo, potenciadas por la pandemia de la Covid-19. Se realizó una exploración preliminar del entorno online del mercado del sexo y, posteriormente, se realizaron entrevistas narrativas a 5 trabajadores sexuales masculinos, que utilizan Twitter y OnlyFans para vender sus servicios. Se percibió que la implementación de estas políticas junto con el trabajo de plataforma hace vulnerable a la categoría ya marginada; que los procesos de uso de las redes sociales para el trabajo brindan oportunidades para la vinculación de una posición influyente de las trabajadoras sexuales, en busca de compromiso; y el mercado sexual transnacional gana una configuración digital, pero mantiene aspectos raciales y coloniales.

Plataformização do trabalho de entregadores no contexto da pandemia de covid-19 confronta os princípios do trabalho decente da OIT / Platformisation of the work of courier services in the context of the covid-19 pandemic clashes with the principles of decent work according to ILO / Plataformización del trabajo de entrega a domicilio en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19 contrasta con los principios del trabajo decente propuesto por la OIT

O propósito deste artigo é contextualizar e discutir aspectos do trabalho de entregadores mediado por empresas de plataforma, explicitados pelos resultados da pesquisa empírica do Projeto Fairwork, realizada no Brasil durante o contexto da pandemia de covid-19. O Fairwork é coordenado pela Universidade de Oxford e tem parcerias com pesquisadores em diversos países do mundo. O percurso metodológico do projeto consiste em uma pesquisa-ação, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com trabalhadores escolhidos aleatoriamente, levantamento de dados sobre as empresas de plataforma e reuniões estruturadas com representantes dessas organizações. A análise dos dados orienta-se pelos cinco princípios do trabalho decente que determinam a pontuação das empresas: remuneração, condições, contrato, gestão e representação justos. Neste artigo, discutimos os relatos dos trabalhadores entrevistados pela equipe brasileira, durante a pandemia de covid-19. Os relatos são comparados com as informações sobre as políticas e as ações de plataformas digitais difundidas no país. Os resultados desta investigação demonstram, em suma, que os princípios do trabalho decente não são respeitados no que se refere ao trabalho dos entregadores no país

The objective of this article is to contextualise and discuss aspects of the work of delivery mediated by platform companies, revealed by the results of the empirical research of the Fairwork Brazil Project, carried out during the covid-19 pandemic. Fairwork is coordinated by the University of Oxford and has partnerships with researchers in various countries around the world. The methodological course of the project consists in action research, using in-depth interviews with randomly chosen workers, data collection about platform companies, and structured meetings with representatives of these organizations. The data analysis is guided by the five principles of decent work which determine the evaluation of companies: fair remuneration, working conditions, contract, management and representation. In this article, we discuss the narratives of workers interviewed by the Brazilian team during the covid-19 pandemic. These narratives are contrasted with information on the policies and actions of the digital platforms disseminated in the country. The results of this investigation show that the principles of decent work are not respected with regard to the work of the workers who make courier services in the country.

El objetivo de este artículo es contextualizar y discutir aspectos del trabajo de entrega a domicilio mediado por empresas de plataforma, revelados por los resultados de la investigación empírica del Proyecto Fairwork Brasil, realizada durante la pandemia de la covid-19. Fairwork es coordinado por la Universidad de Oxford y tiene asociaciones con investigadores en varios países del mundo. El curso metodológico del proyecto consiste en una investigación-acción, por medio de entrevistas en profundidad con trabajadores elegidos al azar, recolección de datos en empresas de plataforma y reuniones estructuradas con representantes de estas organizaciones. El análisis de datos se guía por los cinco principios del trabajo decente que determinan la evaluación de las empresas: remuneración, condiciones del trabajo, contrato, gestión y representación justos. En este artículo, discutimos los relatos de los trabajadores entrevistados por el equipo brasileño durante la pandemia de covid-19. Lasdescripciones se contrastan con las informaciones sobre las políticas y acciones de las plataformas digitales difundidas en el país. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que no se respetan a los principios del trabajo decente en lo que se refiere al trabajo de los ejecutan entregas a domicilio en el país.

Is the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the platformisation of the urban economy?

This paper shows that, while the pandemic lockdown decelerated everyday life, it has also potentiated further acceleration of the platformisation of urban economic sectors. We show this through an empirical qualitative study of the restaurant sector in Lisbon, in which we found that: (i) the digitalisation of three management tasks during the COVID-19 lockdown - namely marketing, customer relationship management, and delivery tasks - was the trigger for the acceleration of the platformisation of the restaurant sector in Lisbon and (ii) restaurant firms had different departure points in terms of the use of digital technologies - which are linked to their location within the city - and these led to different rhythms in the platformisation of restaurants. We conclude that, as the lockdown measures led to a deceleration of social and economic activities, they also promoted further acceleration of economic change, especially under the logic of the platform economy. Additionally, we show that firms unable to engage with digital platforms have been trying to mimic online dynamics through the implementation of non-platformised digital processes, which leads us to consider that the effects of the process of platformisation extend beyond the platform itself.