Effect of oil contaminants on antioxidant responses and antioxidant properties of Pleurotus florida (P. Kumm).

This research investigated the antioxidant responses of Pleurotus florida at different concentrations of gas oil [0% (control), 2.5%, 5%, and 10% (v:v)] for 30 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes decreased in responses to the gas oil presence by an average of 83% and 49%, respectively. In contrast, the activities of the ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes displayed an upward trend in the groups cultured in oil-contaminated media. The gas oil contaminant increased total phenol and flavonoid accumulation, reflecting the variation in secondary metabolism. According to the 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, the 2.5% gas oil treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity (48 µg mL-1). The highest scavenging activity of nitric oxide radicals (IC50 = 272 µg mL-1) was observed in the treatment with the highest gas oil concentration (10%). Also, this treatment showed an excellent ability to chelate Fe+2 ions (IC50 = 205 µg mL-1). The IC50 values of methanolic extract for nitric oxide scavenging activity and metal chelating ability were significantly reduced by increasing gas oil concentration in the treatments. With increasing the gas oil concentration, malondialdehyde content as a criterion measure of lipid peroxidation level showed significant reduction. These results show that P. florida is resistant to and a compatible mushroom with oil pollutants. Also, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle detoxify nitric oxide radicals and products of reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation in the gas oil treatments.

Protective role of Pleurotus florida against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: A preclinical study.

Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer is a mushroom species known to be an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and diuretic agent, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo potency of P. florida's anti-diabetic properties in rats affected by hyperglycemia induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/kg (i.p.), characterized by oxidative stress impairment, and changes in insulin levels and lipid profile. After inducing hyperglycemia in the rats, they were treated with P. florida acetone and methanol extracts, orally administered for 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The hyperglycemic control (DC) group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde, compared to the normal control (NC) group The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase, and vitamin E and C levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DC group, compared to the NC group. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels improved significantly after 28 days of treatment, in the group treated with glibenclamide (an oral hypoglycemic drug, used as positive control), and in the groups treated with P. florida extracts. In DC group, the treatment with P. florida was found to prevent diabetes, according to histopathological studies of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver of rats. In conclusion, this study has shown that the treatment with P. florida decreased oxidative stress and glucose levels in the blood, as well as restoring changes in lipid profiles.

Inclusion of the fungus Pleurotus florida in the diet affects performance and feed efficiency traits in calves: a case study on Ravi buffalo.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of inclusion of Pleurotus florida treated wheat straw in the total mixed rations (TMRs) on feed intake, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention in male buffalo calves. As a pilot study, four TMRs, i.e., TMR1 having 0% P. florida treated wheat straw (FTWS), TMR2 (20% FTWS), TMR3 (40% FTWS), and TMR4 (60% FTWS) with berseem hay as basal diet, were formulated. Sixteen Nili-Ravi male buffalo calves (aged 10-12 months, weighing 73 ± 2.50 kg) were divided into four equal groups and randomly assigned one of four TMRs. A significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in all nutrients intake, their digestibility, weight gain, and nitrogen retention with TMRs incorporated with FTWS. Highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 2.63 was noted with TMR1-0% and the lowest FCR (1.80) with TMR4-60%, on the other hand. In conclusion, the TMR4 (60% FTWS) has the potential to increase the weight gain, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and feed efficiency in buffalo calves. Therefore, inclusion of 60% Pleurotus florida treated wheat straw is recommended as TMRs with berseem hay based basal diet for feeding buffaloes calves.

Mycoremediation of oil contaminant by Pleurotus florida (P.Kumm) in liquid culture.

This study investigated the potential functions of Pleurotus florida (an edible mushroom) in the biodegradation of gas oil at concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, and 10% (V: V) for 30 days. The gas oil increased dry weight and protein concentration in all treatments (by an average of 19.5 and 108%, respectively). Moreover, the pH, surface tension (ST), and interfacial tension (IFT) were reduced by the mushroom supplementation. The lowest surface tension (31.9 mN m-1) and the highest biosurfactant production belonged to the 10% gas oil treatment (0.845 ± 0.03 mg mL-1). The results demonstrated that the adsorption isotherm agreed well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity was calculated at 0.743 mg g-1 wet biomass of P. florida. The fungal supplementation efficiently remedied the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) by an average of 55% after 30 days. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis revealed that P. florida effectively detoxified C13-C28 hydrocarbons, Pristane, and Phytane, implying its high mycoremediation function. The toxicity test showed that mycoremediation increased the germination by an average of 35.82% ± 8.89 after 30 days. Laccase activity increased significantly with increasing gas oil concentration in the treatments. The maximum laccase activity was obtained in the 10% gas oil treatment (142.25 ± 0.72 U L-1). The presence of pollutants was also associated with induction in the tyrosinase activity when compared to the control. These results underline the high mycoremediation capacity of P. florida through the involvement of biosurfactants, laccase, and tyrosinase.

The optimization of enzymatic oxidation of levofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic for wastetwater treatment.

The global presence of antibiotics in the environment has created concerns about the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria and potential hazard to humans and the ecosystem. This work aims to study the removal of levofloxacin, a new generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic from aqueous solutions by enzyme mediated oxidation process and optimization of the conditions thereof by response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD). For this study, experiments were conducted to analyze the effect of independent variables namely, pH, temperature, mediator concentration and antibiotic concentration on the degradation percentage of levofloxacin antibiotic using laccase enzyme derived from Trametes versicolor. The residual levofloxacin concentration was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On applying the quadratic regression analysis, among the main parameters, it was found that the percentage degradation was significantly affected by all the four variables. The predicted values for percentage degradation of levofloxacin were close to the experimental values obtained and the R2 (0.95) indicated that the regression was able to give a good prediction of response for the percentage degradation of levofloxacin in the studied range. The optimal conditions for the maximum degradation (99.9%) as predicted by the BBD were: temperature of 37 °C, pH of 4.5, mediator concentration of 0.1 mM and levofloxacin concentration of 5 µg mL-1. The findings of the study were further extended to study the effect of partially purified enzymes isolated from Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida and Pleurotus sajor caju on the degradation of levofloxacin at concentrations ranging from as low as 0.1 to as high as 50 µg mL-1 in synthetic wastewater utilizing the optimized conditions generated by BBD. A maximum degradation of 88.8% was achieved with the partially purified enzyme isolated from Pleurotus eryngii at 1 µg mL-1 levofloxacin concentration which was at par with the commercial laccase which showed 89% degradation in synthetic wastewater at the optimized conditions. The biodegradation studies were conducted using only 2 units of laccase. Thus, the expensive commercial laccase can be effectively replaced by crude laccase isolated from indigenous macrofungi such as P. eryngii, P. florida and P. sajor caju as a cost effective alternative to degrade levofloxacin present in contaminated wastewater using as low as 2 units of enzyme for a 72 h treatment period.

Optimization of growth conditions for enhancing the production of microbial laccase and its application in treating antibiotic contamination in wastewater.

In this work, seven indigenous macrofungal isolates were selected to screen for their laccase production capability. Among them, isolates viz., Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus sajor caju and Gandoderma lucidum were found to exhibit high laccase activity in the preliminary studies and were thus selected for the optimization studies with an aim to enhance laccase production. The pH optimization studies were carried out between pH range of 4-6. The laccase activity and biomass were found to be optimum at pH 4, 4.5, 4.5 and 5 for P. eryngii, P. florida, P. sajor caju and G. lucidum, respectively. Optimization studies with chemical inducers namely, tannic acid, 2,6 dimethoxyphenol and copper sulphate at three different concentration levels were conducted and tannic acid at 2 mM concentration was found to increase the laccase activity to about 45% followed by 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (2 mM) with an increase of about 43% and copper sulphate (0.1 mM) showing 21% increase in the yield. Biodegradation studies utilizing laccase isolated from P. eryngii, P. florida and P. sajor caju was carried out for a commonly detected fluoroquinolone antibiotic, levofloxacin, in water and pharmaceutical wastewater. The results indicated that the degradation efficiency of levofloxacin using laccase isolated from P. eryngii (88.9%) was comparable to commercial laccase (89%). When the cost economics of using crude laccase was evaluated against commercial laccase it was evident that the total cost of the treatment could be reduced by 71.7% if commercial grade laccase was replaced by crude enzyme extracted from indigenous macrofungi such Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus florida, and Pleurotus sajor caju indicating a promising and cost-effective alternative for wastewater treatment.

Two birds with one stone: oyster mushroom mediated bimetallic Au-Pt nanoparticles for agro-waste management and anticancer activity.

Agriculture has the most significant contribution in fulfilling the basic human need, sustaining life, and strengthening the economy of any country. To feed the exploding population of the world, there has been a quantum jump in the production of agricultural commodities, which has led to the production of a substantial considerable quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial wastes. The bulks of these wastes are lignocellulosic in nature and consist of three main polymeric constituents, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which are recalcitrant. The primary significant portions of these remain unutilized and are burnt in the field, leading to severe environmental aggression and wastage of resource. Farmers across the globe, including India, burn these agricultural wastes in their thousands of acre land, which contribute to spoiling the air quality index (AQI). This is very harmful, especially to children, pregnant women, old adults, and for patients suffering from respiratory diseases. The current manuscript sets up an agro-waste management platform by using paddy straw as a substrate for the production of nutritionally and medically rich oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) and which is further used in the green synthesis of bimetallic (gold-platinum) Au-Pt nanoparticle. Yield performance and biological efficiency of Pf were calculated from the degraded paddy straw. The green synthesized Au-Pt NPs were structurally characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and zeta potential analysis. The prepared NPs showed a face-centered cubic crystal structure, icosahedral shape with a mean particle size of 16 nm. Furthermore, we examined the cytotoxic activity of Au-Pt NPs using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptosis by propidium iodide assay. We found that Au-Pt NPs exerted apoptotic activity on the human colon cancer cell line (HCT 116) in a dose-dependent manner from 12.5 to 200 µg/mL. Overall, our findings create a prototype and open a new door to synthesizing functional nanoparticle by using oyster mushroom as the substrate for paddy straw agro-waste management and the applicability of Pf in the synthesis of eco-friendly Au-Pt NPs. This is the first kind of approach that kills two birds with one stone.

Rapid eco-friendly synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic study of trimetallic stable nanomedicine: A potential material for biomedical applications.

In the current scenario of the fight against cancer Integration of potential elements seems to be the best alternative since it overcomes the weaknesses of individuals and the combination of elements makes them formidable in the fight against the cancer war. Inspired by this objective and trusting our knowledge of paddy straw grown oyster mushroom, Pleurotus florida (Pf) mediated synthesis; a first-of-kind approach has been developed for the rapid synthesis of Au-Pt-Ag trimetallic nanoparticles (TMNPs). The developed method was successful, which was confirmed by Ultraviolet-Visible, X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Specifically, prepared TMNPs have been studied for their stability and size as a primary prerequisite for nanomedicine. Finally, the stable nanomedicine developed has been assessed for its performance against the highly metastatic breast cancer cell line (mda-mb-231). The performance was assessed using MTT assay and morphological readings, which were integrated with the cell viability data. We also determined the IC50 value, which was far superior to individual components and motivated us to postulate the possible breast cancer cell killing mechanism of TMNPs. The present study unlocks the new paths for the mushroom-mediated environmentally friendly, economic synthesis of trimetallic nanoparticles, which can be effectively used in cancer nanomedicine.

Sustainable use of the spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus florida for production of lignocellulolytic enzymes.

Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a major byproduct of the mushroom industry, is a lignocellulosic biomass, which contains approximately 57-74.3% of holocellulose fraction. This study was aimed at utilizing SMS of Pleurotus florida for recovery of lignocellulolytic enzymes and sugars and also as a substrate for production of cellulolytic enzymes using different isolates of Trichoderma and Aspergillus under solid-state fermentation (SSF). SMS of P. florida extracts contained significant amounts of laccase (3,015.8 ± 29.5 U/g SMS) and xylanase (1,187.9 ± 12 U/g SMS) activity. Crystallinity pattern and chemical changes in SMS revealed that SMS had a lower crystallinity index (34.2%) as compared with the raw biomass (37.8%), which, in turn, helps in enhancing the accessibility of cellulolytic enzymes to holocellulose. Among the isolates, Trichoderma longibrachiatum A-01 showed maximum activity of endoglucanase (220.4 ± 5.9 U/mg), exoglucanase (78.5 ± 3.2 U/mg) and xylanase (1,550.4 ± 11.6 U/mg) while Aspergillus aculeatus C-08 showed maximum activity of cellobiase (113.9 ± 3.9 U/mg). Extraction with sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.8) showed maximum cellulolytic enzyme activity as compared with other solvents tested. Partial purification of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, xylanase, and cellobiase resulted in 56.3% (1,112.5 U/mg), 48.4% (212.5 U/mg), 44% (4,492.3 U/mg), and 62% (705.0 U/mg) yield with an increase by 5.2-, 4.5-, 4.1-, and 5.0-fold as compared with crude extract. The results reveal that SMS from P. florida could be a potential and cost-effective substrate for production of cellulolytic enzymes from T. longibrachiatum A-01 and A. aculeatus C-08.

Anti-biofilm mechanisms of 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol against clinically relevant fungal pathogens.

The methanolic extract (PFME) of Pleurotus florida was assessed for anti-biofilm activity against Candida species. 3,5-Di-tert-butylphenol (3,5-DTB) was identified as the major antifungal constituent in PFME. In its pure form 3,5-DTB inhibits, disrupts, and reduces the viability of biofilm cells as seen from scanning electron and confocal microscopy studies. Microscopic studies and propidium iodide uptake assays confirmed that 3,5-DTB damages the cell membrane of Candida cells. In addition, 3,5-DTB induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which contribute to its pronounced anti-biofilm activity. The results of the present study show that 3,5-DTB exhibits combined anti-biofilm and conventional fungicidal activity against Candida species and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Genetic Variability and Proteome Profiling of a Radiation Induced Cellulase Mutant Mushroom Pleurotus florida.

We report the genetic similarity changes between a mutant mushroom (Pleurotus florida, designated as PfCM4) having increased cellulolytic activity developed through radiation mutagenesis and its wild type by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). On average, 23 AFLP fragments were amplified per primer combination, and a total of 286 polymorphic fragments (78.57% polymorphism) with maximal fragment length of 1365 base pairs (bp) were obtained. The genetic similarity between wild type and PfCM4 was found to be 22.30%. In addition, mycelial and secreted protein profiling by 2D-PAGE showed at least three and five different protein spots in the range of 25 kD to 100 kD, respectively, in PfCM4. It seems that the variation in genetic similarity and different expression of both mycelial and secreted proteins in PfCM4 in comparison to the wild type could likely be correlated with its increased cellulolytic activity effected by the irradiation.

Characterization of arsenic-induced cytotoxicity in liver with stress in erythrocytes and its reversibility with Pleurotus florida lectin.

Arsenic is one of the most hazardous substances in the environment known to cause toxicity in multiple organs. Cell adhesion, morphological alterations, cell proliferation, terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and caspase-3/CPP32 fluorometric protease assay were important biomarkers to assess apoptosis in cells. This study aimed to evaluate arsenic-induced apoptosis in the hepatocytes of rat and its protective efficacy with coadministration of ascorbic acid (AA) and Pleurotus florida lectin (PFL) individually. Results of the present study also showed that arsenic caused cytotoxicity by elevating morphological alterations, TUNEL-positive nuclei, caspase-3 activity and DNA damage and reducing cell adhesion and cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. The apoptosis in hepatocytes was reverted to normal value after coadministration of mushroom lectin in arsenic-exposed rat. The study provided significant evidence that PFL has antiapoptotic property against arsenic-induced toxicity. The beneficial effect of PFL was proportional to its duration of exposure. Retard activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, enhanced lipid peroxidation as well as protein carbonyl in erythrocytes caused by arsenic could also be maintained toward normalcy by supplementation of AA and PFL. These antioxidative effects were exhibited in a time-dependant manner. In rat, treatment with AA and PFL prevented alteration of plasma enzyme activities caused by arsenic. The results concluded that treatment with PFL has significant role in protecting animals from arsenic-induced erythrocytic damage. This finding might be of therapeutic benefit in people suffering from chronic exposure to arsenic from natural sources, a global problem especially relevant to millions of people on the Indian subcontinent.

Photo-bio-synthesis of irregular shaped functionalized gold nanoparticles using edible mushroom Pleurotus florida and its anticancer evaluation.

A green chemistry approach to the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using edible mushroom Pleurotus florida (Oyster mushroom) by photo-irradiation method has been attempted. The mixture containing the aqueous gold ions and the mushroom extract was exposed to sunlight; this resulted in the formation of biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction studies, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Atomic force microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The obtained biofunctionalized gold nanoparticles showed effective anti-cancer property against four different cancer cell lines A-549 (Human lung carcinoma), K-562 (Human chronic myelogenous leukemia bone marrow), HeLa (Human cervix) and MDA-MB (Human adenocarcinoma mammary gland) and no lethal effect is observed in Vero (African green monkey kidney normal cell) cell lines.

Experimental evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida.

BACKGROUND: Edible mushrooms have been used as flavorful foods and as health nutritional supplements for several centuries. A number of bioactive molecules have been identified in numerous mushroom species. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida using various experimental models in Wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute toxicity studies were performed whereby dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/kg was selected for present study, Analgesic activity was determined using hot plate method, tail flick method, acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced pain in rats, while carrageenan was used to induce inflammation and anti-inflammatory studies were performed. RESULTS: HEE showed significant (P < 0.01) analgesic and anti-inflammatory response against all experimental models. CONCLUSION: These studies conclude that Pleurotus florida possesses analgesic and anti- inflammatory potential which might be due to presence of myochemicals like flavonoids, phenolics and polysaccharides.

Produção de lacase de fungos basidiomicetos por fermentação submersa com cascas de café / Produccin de lacase de hongos basidiomicetos por fermentación sumergida con cáscaras de café / Laccase production from basidiomycetes by submerged fermentation with coffee hukss

Cascas de café são fonte de carboidratos e nutrientes que podem ser bioconvertidos em produtos de interesse como enzimas. Lacases são cobre polifenol oxidases que oxidam compostos fenólicos, enquanto reduzem oxigênio molecular à água e; sua baixa especificidade a substratos permite sua aplicação em várias áreas como indústria têxtil, de alimentos e biorremediação. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a capacidade de produção de lacase de três linhagens de fungos basidiomicetos (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9 e Pleurotus florida U6/10) por fermentação submersa com cascas de café e avaliar o uso de cobre como indutor dessa enzima. A casca de café mostrou ser um bom substrato para produção de lacases e das três linhagens testadas Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) foi a mais produtiva (22,5 U mL-1). A melhor fonte de nitrogênio para produção de lacases de Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) foi o extrato de levedura na concentração de 9 g/L (20 U mL-1). A adição de 150 µM de CuSO4 resultou na indução significativa na produção de lacases nessa linhagem (21 U mL-1)no 12° dia de cultivo.

Coffee husks are a source of carbohydrates and nutrients that may be bioconverted into products of interest, such as enzymes. Laccases are copper polyphenol oxidases that oxidize phenolic compounds while reducing molecular oxygen to water. Laccase?s low specificity to substrates allows its application in several areas such as textiles, food processing and bioremediation industries. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential to produce laccase from three strains of basidiomycetous fungi (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9, and Pleurotus florida U6/10) by submerged fermentation with coffee husks, and to evaluate the use of copper as an inducer of the enzyme. Coffee husk proved to be a good substrate for laccase production, with Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) being the most productive strain (22.5 U mL-1). The best source of nitrogen for laccase production of Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) was yeast extract 9 g/L (20 U mL-1). The addition of CuSO4 (150 µM) resulted in significant induction of laccase (21 U mL-1) on the 12th day of cultivation.

Cáscaras de café son fuente de carbohidratos y nutrientes que pueden ser bioconvertidos en productos de interés, tales como enzimas. Lacases son cobre polifenol oxidasas que oxidan compuestos fenólicos, mientras reducen el oxígeno molecular a el agua y; su baja especificidad a sustratos permite su aplicación en diversas áreas, como la industria textil, de alimentos y de biorremediación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la capacidad de producción de lacase de tres linajes de hongos basidiomicetos (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9 y Pleurotus florida U6/10) por fermentación sumergida con cáscaras de café, y evaluar el uso del cobre como inductor de esta enzima. La cáscara de café resultó ser un buen sustrato para la producción de lacases y, de las tres linajes probadas, Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) fue la más productiva (22,5 U mL-1). La mejor fuente de nitrógeno para la producción de lacases de Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) fue el extracto de levadura a una concentración de 9 g L-1 (20 U mL-1). La adición de 150 µM de CuSO4 resultó en la inducción significativa de la producción de lacases en esa linaje (21 U mL-1), en el 12º día de cultivo.

Produção de lacase de fungos basidiomicetos por fermentação submersa com cascas de café / Laccase production from basidiomycetes by submerged fermentation with coffee hurks / Producción de lacase de hongos basidiomicetos por fermentación sumergida con cascaras de café

Cascas de café são fonte de carboidratos e nutrientes que podem ser bioconvertidos em produtos de interesse como enzimas. Lacases são cobre polifenol oxidases que oxidam compostos fenólicos, enquanto reduzem oxigênio molecular à água e; sua baixa especificidade a substratos permite sua aplicação em várias áreas como indústria têxtil, de alimentos e biorremediação. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar a capacidade de produção de lacase de três linhagens de fungos basidiomicetos (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9 e Pleurotus florida U6/10) por fermentação submersa com cascas de café e avaliar o uso de cobre como indutor dessa enzima. A casca de café mostrou ser um bom substrato para produção de lacases e das três linhagens testadas Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) foi a mais produtiva (22,5 U mL-1). A melhor fonte de nitrogênio para produção de lacases de Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) foi o extrato de levedura na concentração de 9 g/L (20 U mL-1). A adição de 150 μM de CuSO4 resultou na indução significativa na produção de lacases nessa linhagem (21 U mL-1) no 12° dia de cultivo.

Coffee husks are a source of carbohydrates and nutrients that may be bioconverted into products of interest, such as enzymes. Laccases are copper polyphenol oxidases that oxidize phenolic compounds while reducing molecular oxygen to water. Laccase’s low specificity to substrates allows its application in several areas such as textiles, food processing and bioremediation industries. The aims of this study were to evaluate the potential to produce laccase from three strains of basidiomycetous fungi (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9, and Pleurotus florida U6/10) by submerged fermentation with coffee husks, and to evaluate the use of copper as an inducer of the enzyme. Coffee husk proved to be a good substrate for laccase production, with Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) being the most productive strain (22.5 U mL-1). The best source of nitrogen for laccase production of Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) was yeast extract 9 g/L (20 U mL-1). The addition of CuSO4 (150 μM) resulted in significant induction of laccase (21 U mL-1) on the 12th day of cultivation.

Cáscaras de café son fuente de carbohidratos y nutrientes que pueden ser bioconvertidos en productos de interés, tales como enzimas. Lacases son cobre polifenol oxidasas que oxidan compuestos fenólicos, mientras reducen el oxígeno molecular a el agua y; su baja especificidad a sustratos permite su aplicación en diversas áreas, como la industria textil, de alimentos y de biorremediación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar la capacidad de producción de lacase de tres linajes de hongos basidiomicetos (Lentinula edodes U6/1, Pleurotus ostreatus U6/9 y Pleurotus florida U6/10) por fermentación sumergida con cáscaras de café, y evaluar el uso del cobre como inductor de esta enzima. La cáscara de café resultó ser un buen sustrato para la producción de lacases y, de las tres linajes probadas, Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) fue la más productiva (22,5 U mL-1). La mejor fuente de nitrógeno para la producción de lacases de Pleurotus ostreatus (U6/9) fue el extracto de levadura a una concentración de 9 g L-1 (20 U mL-1). La adición de 150 μM de CuSO4 resultó en la inducción significativa de Cáscaras de café son fuente de carbohidratos y nutrientes que pueden ser bioconvertidos en productos de interés, evadura a una concentración de 9 g L-1 (20 U mL-1). La adición de 150 μM de CuSO4 resultó en la inducción significativa de la producción de lacases en esa linaje (21 U mL-1), en el 12º día de cultivo.

In vitro prevention of cataract by Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida extract on isolated goat eye lens.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the in vitro effect of Pleurotus florida extract cataract induced by glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Goat eye lenses were divided into four groups. Group I lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humor with glucose concentration 5.5 mM (normal control). Group II lenses were incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM (toxic control). Group III and IV lenses incubated with glucose concentration 55 mM were incubated along with hydroethanolic extract of P. florida 250 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml and subjected to morphological and biochemical evaluation. RESULTS: Group II lenses showed high amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) soluble and insoluble protein and decreased catalase and glutathione levels, while lenses treated with P. florida extract showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in MDA, increased level of catalase (P < 0.001), glutathione (P < 0.005) and total and soluble protein. CONCLUSIONS: Hydroethanolic extract of P. florida showed prevention of in vitro glucose induced cataract. Thus, the goat lens model could be used for testing of various anticataract agents.

In vitro Antioxidant and Antilipidperoxidative potential of Pleurotus florida.

The ethanolic extract of Pleurotus florida was studied for its free radical scavenging property on different in vitro models like 1,1 -diphenyl-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH)Assay, Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay and in vitro antilipidperoxidative assay using goat liver homogenate and RBC Ghost model. The in vitro Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was inhibited to a good extent by the Pleurotus florida ethanolic extract and the extent of inhibition being higher in the RBC membrane model than the liver homogenate model. The mushroom extract showed good dose-dependent free radical scavenging property in both the models.