Uso da adaptação transcultural nos cursos de pós-graduação em Enfermagem / Use of cross-cultural adaptation in Postgraduate Nursing courses / Uso de la adaptación transcultural en las carreras de grado en Enfermería

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica brasileira, na Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, que utilizou o método de adaptação transcultural. Método: estudo documental, com busca realizada na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações, que resultou em 140 dissertações e 72 teses para análise, oriundas de Programas de Pós-Graduação da região Sudeste, seguida das regiões Nordeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste, sem representação da região Norte. Resultados: os instrumentos adaptados foram, em sua maioria, procedentes do idioma inglês. Prevaleceram as pesquisas na área/campo Assistencial, destacando-se a linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem. Identificou-se descompasso entre o que é produzido na área e o que é recomendado internacionalmente. Conclusão: verificou-se aumento na utilização da adaptação transcultural como método de pesquisa, com persistência das assimetrias acadêmicas regionais e sem consenso sobre o referencial metodológico.

Objective: to analyze the Brazilian scientific production in Postgraduate Nursing education using the cross-cultural adaptation method. Method: documentary study with searches carried out in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations resulting in 140 Master's theses and 72 Doctoral dissertations for analysis originated from Postgraduate Programs carried out in the Southeast region of Brazil, followed by the Northeast, South and Midwest regions ­ there was no representation of the North region. Results: the adapted instruments were, mostly, originally written in English. Research in the Care area/field prevailed, highlighting the line of research called Health and Nursing Care Process. A gap between what is produced in the area and what is recommended internationally was identified. Conclusion: an increase in the use of cross-cultural adaptation as a research method was noticed, with the persistence of regional academic asymmetries and lack of consensus on the methodological framework.

Objetivo: analizar la producción científica brasileña, en el Postgrado en Enfermería, que utilizó el método de adaptación transcultural. Método: estudio documental, la búsqueda se realizó en la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones, se obtuvieron 140 tesis de maestría y 72 tesis de doctorado para análisis, provenientes de Programas de Posgrado de la región Sudeste, seguida de las regiones Nordeste, Sur y Centro-Oeste, no se encontraron documentos de la región Norte. Resultados: los instrumentos adaptados fueron, en su mayoría, del idioma inglés. Predominaron las investigaciones en el área/campo Asistencial, se destacó la línea de investigación Proceso de Atención en Salud y Enfermería. Se identificó que lo que se produce en el área no coincide con lo que se recomienda a nivel internacional. Conclusión: se comprobó que aumentó el uso de la adaptación transcultural como método de investigación, que persisten las disparidades académicas regionales y que no hay consenso sobre el marco metodológico.

Professional values gained in postgraduate nursing education from the perspectives of master's and doctorate graduates: A mixed-methods study.

AIM: To determine the professional values of graduates of master's and doctoral programs in nursing and their views on the contribution of postgraduate education to their professional values. BACKGROUND: In postgraduate education, which is an important catalyst of professional identity development, a professional is expected to specialize in a field, get into more depth professionally, internalize professional values, and reflect and strengthen these values. To shed light on this expectation, more information is needed to assess the impact of postgraduate education on professional values. METHODS: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was used. Data were collected for the quantitative part of the study for 385 graduates of postgraduate nursing education programs in Turkey who were selected using the snowball sampling method, while the maximum variation sampling method was used to collect data from 12 individuals for the qualitative part of the study. The Nurses Professional Values Scale (NPVS) and a Semi-Structured Interview Form were used to collect data in October-December 2022. The quantitative data obtained in the study were analyzed using the SPSS software, and the qualitative data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software. RESULTS: The mean total NPVS score of the participants was 130.32 ± 21.34 (possible range: 31-155). Among all dimensions, the highest mean score of the participants was in the caring dimension, followed by professionalism and activism. There were significant differences in the NPVS total and subscale scores of the participants based on their views on the contributions of age, institution where they worked, marital status, position at work, and postgraduate education to the acquisition of professional values. In the qualitative dimension of the study, two main themes were identified. One of these themes was the theme of professional values in postgraduate nursing education that covered the categories of professional values gained through postgraduate education, professional values that a nurse who has completed postgraduate education should have, and professional values in postgraduate nursing education. The second theme was the theme named recommendations for providing nurses with professional values through postgraduate education. The integration of data from both components indicated that the qualitative interviews enriched the quantitative findings. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that postgraduate nursing education programs contribute greatly to the professional values of graduates and strengthen their professional values. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: For the future of nursing, increasing professional strengths and visibility is significantly associated with professional values. This situation requires nurses with strong professional values. Graduate education programs in nursing should be developed in this direction and focus on development of professional values.

Collaborative learning linking nursing practice and education - Interview study with master's students and teachers.

BACKGROUND: Collaborative and innovative educational approaches are essential to building nurses' competencies in responding to healthcare challenges and to enhance high-quality nursing practice. Nurses are increasingly learning in various contexts, and thus, the understanding and organising of collaborative learning needs further exploration. AIM: To describe collaborative learning in nursing practice and education from the point of view of nurses, involved as students and teachers in master's education in nursing. DESIGN AND METHODS: Qualitative study using semi-structured focus groups involving 33 nurses as master's students and teachers from Estonia and Norway. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. FINDINGS: The essence of collaborative learning in the context of nursing practice and education was identified as the aggregation of diverse learners' skills and reflections while working towards shared aims. This fostered the development of workplace competencies, professional attitudes, and personal growth. Organising collaborative learning requires careful planning and synchronisation between clinical and educational organisations. CONCLUSIONS: Collaborative learning is an inclusive method, aiding nurses at different phases of their career to gain knowledge and enhance their soft skills, and potentially reducing professional hierarchies. Further research is needed to develop methods for evaluating the outcomes of collaborative learning.

Preparedness for a first clinical placement in nursing: a descriptive qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: A first clinical placement for nursing students is a challenging period involving translation of theoretical knowledge and development of an identity within the healthcare setting; it is often a time of emotional vulnerability. It can be a pivotal moment for ambivalent nursing students to decide whether to continue their professional training. To date, student expectations prior to their first clinical placement have been explored in advance of the experience or gathered following the placement experience. However, there is a significant gap in understanding how nursing students' perspectives about their first clinical placement might change or remain consistent following their placement experiences. Thus, the study aimed to explore first-year nursing students' emotional responses towards and perceptions of their preparedness for their first clinical placement and to examine whether initial perceptions remain consistent or change during the placement experience. METHODS: The research utilised a pre-post qualitative descriptive design. Six focus groups were undertaken before the first clinical placement (with up to four participants in each group) and follow-up individual interviews (n = 10) were undertaken towards the end of the first clinical placement with first-year entry-to-practice postgraduate nursing students. Data were analysed thematically. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: (1) adjusting and managing a raft of feelings, encapsulating participants' feelings about learning in a new environment and progressing from academia to clinical practice; (2) sinking or swimming, comprising students' expectations before their first clinical placement and how these perceptions are altered through their clinical placement experience; and (3) navigating placement, describing relationships between healthcare staff, patients, and peers. CONCLUSIONS: This unique study of first-year postgraduate entry-to-practice nursing students' perspectives of their first clinical placement adds to the extant knowledge. By examining student experience prior to and during their first clinical placement experience, it is possible to explore the consistency and change in students' narratives over the course of an impactful experience. Researching the narratives of nursing students embarking on their first clinical placement provides tertiary education institutions with insights into preparing students for this critical experience.

Effects of mind mapping based on standardized patient program in patient education among postgraduate nursing students in clinical setting.

BACKGROUND: Patient education as an important process of postgraduate nursing education, however in previous studies there was limited study focus on the improvement of nursing students' patient education in clinical practice.This study examined the effects of a mind mapping based on standardized patient program in the patient education knowledge and communication competence of postgraduate nursing students in clinical setting. METHODS: The present quasi-experimental study was performed in 2022 on 74 postgraduate nursing students who had taken clinical practice courses at affiliated hospital of Zunyi Medical University. Students were underwent two weeks of mind mapping based on standardized patient program. The outcome measures were patient education knowledge and communication competence evaluated were by the self-designed questionnaire consisting of 6 questions based on the Likert scale and nurse-patient communication competency rating scale respectively, self-efficacy was evaluated by the general self-efficacy scale, and patients' satisfaction were measured using a self-designed question. Data collection was conducted before and after intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0 software, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were performed. RESULTS: Significant improvements in patient education knowledge, patient education communication competence, and self-efficacy (all P = 0.000)were observed after intervention. Improvements were also seen in measures of patients' satisfaction; 12/74 (16.22%) patients reported satisfied at baseline but only 53/74 (71.62%) at the end of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A web-based mind maps integrated with standardized patient program could improve patient education knowledge, communication competence,and self-efficacy of postgraduate nursing students in clinical setting.

Development of Postgraduate Psychiatric Nursing Students' Clinical Competency Questionnaire.

Introduction: As to the significance of clinical competency, the competency concept should be up-to-date periodically until clinical competency is evaluated based on it. This study aimed to develop and evaluate psychometric properties of a new tool to measure the postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' competencies. Methods: The current study was conducted with a sequential exploratory mixed-method, in Iran, in 2019 -2022. The qualitative part was conventional content analysis, and the quantitative part was a methodology study. The questionnaire was developed by the item generation via individual semi-structured interviews with 21 participants sampled purposefully, and a literature systematic review. In the quantitative phase, psychometric analysis was performed based on consensus-based standards for the selection of health status measurement instruments (COSMIN) criteria, and using face, content, and construct (i.e., convergent, known group, and exploratory factor analysis done on 199 postgraduate psychiatric nursing students by available sampling) validity. t-test analysis was used to compare the clinical competence ratings of two groups of experienced and inexperienced postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. Additionally, dependability was examined for internal consistency, stability over a one-month period, and measurement error. The sampling technique used for content validity was deliberate. Then, the responsiveness (through minimally detectable changes), and interpretability (through minimal important changes) were calculated. Results: The questionnaire consisted of 43 items. Construct validity assessment via exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed that 67.53% of the cumulative variance was explained by two factors: "Education and nursing care" (23 items) and "Evidence based psychiatric nursing interventions" (20 items). The convergent validity with one golden standard instrument was 0.49. The difference of the clinical competency scores of the two groups of experienced and novice was significant (p<0.001). The internal consistency of the entire instrument, and the first and second factors analyzed using alpha Cronbach (α) were respectively 0.947, 0.897, and 0.891. Stability was confirmed by the ICC agreement 0.956 for interrater (CI 0.907-0.980). Standard error of measurement was 3.14. The competency score of students based on their demographic information was not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: The 43-item postgraduate psychiatric nursing students' clinical competency questionnaire is a valid and reliable newly developed instrument. Further studies are recommended to be conducted to assess competency with the largest sample size to promote instrument.

Facilitating flexibility in postgraduate nursing education through entrustable professional activities to address nursing shortages and career prospects.

AIM: To communicate how the Dutch postgraduate nursing education landscape was redesigned using entrustable professional activities (EPAs). The goal of this initiative was to reduce training time, enhance transfer across nursing specialities and contribute to a better-aligned continuum of initial education, postgraduate education and continuing professional development. BACKGROUND: Nursing shortages continue to worsen worldwide. An approach to address this growing shortage is to create a more flexible postgraduate training structure, offering training in the just-in-time and just-as-needed models. EPAs can be used as building blocks for training and assessment. Experience with EPAs (i.e. units of professional practice that can be entrusted once a trainee has demonstrated the required competencies) in health professions education, including nursing, is rising rapidly. While EPAs are largely used to create training flexibility within a programme, they can also be used to create flexibility across programmes. In 2018-2022, training hospitals and education institutions in the Netherlands collaborated in the CZO Flex Level Project to redesign the postgraduate nursing education landscape using EPAs. DISCUSSION: The implementation of a flexible postgraduate nursing education model nationwide will face several challenges. An overview of these challenges and suggestions for future research on the effects of the new structure on nursing competence, satisfaction and career development are provided. CONCLUSION: EPAs can imbue flexibility within and across training programmes. Designing an EPA-based educational landscape requires nationally coordinated efforts. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY: Redesigning educational structures to allow for more flexibility is critical to address major societal challenges in healthcare.

Validation Study of the Revised Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS): A Cross-Sectional Survey in Poland.

Introduction: The use of a validated scale, Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (SSCRS) to measure nurses' perceptions of spirituality and spiritual care. Aim: The purpose of this study was to analyse selected psychometric properties of the Polish version of the SSCRS, among them the applicability of the dimensions of spiritual care in nursing, ie, spirituality, spiritual care, religiosity and personalized care, to Polish conditions. Methods: Poland-wide multicentre study with a cross-sectional validation design. The study was conducted between March and June 2019. Seven Polish Nursing Faculties accepted the invitation to participate in the study. A representative sample of 853 nurses enrolled in MSc (postgraduate) programs in nursing participated. After translation and cultural adaption of the SSCRS, the instrument underwent a full psychometric evaluation of its construct validity using (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha and correlation analysis), reliability (test-retest analysis), known-group validity (Student's t-test) analysis. Results: The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the Polish version of the SSCRS was a three-factor model with "Activity-centred spiritual care" (9 items), "Emotional support-centred spiritual care" (5 items) and "Religiosity" (3 items) domains. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was 0.902, and the alpha values for the individual domains were 0.898, 0.873 and 0.563, respectively. The three domains mentioned above seemed to provide a comprehensive understanding of spiritual care perceived subjectively by Polish MSc in nursing students. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a substantial degree of similarity in the selected psychometric characteristics of the Polish version of SSCRS and the original scale.

A comparative review of advanced practice nurse programmes in the Nordic and Baltic countries.

BACKGROUND: Advanced practice nurses (APNs) programs are career-development opportunities significant for nursing workforce retention as well as for the quality of patient care. Inconsistency regarding policy, education, titles, scope of practice, skills and competencies have been identified as major challenges in developing advanced practice nursing in Europe. APN roles and education are under development in the Nordic and Baltic countries. However, there is a lack of information on the current state in this region. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to compare APN programs in the Nordic and Baltic countries to identify their commonalities and differences. DESIGN AND METHODS: This descriptive comparative study reviewed seven master's level APN programs in six Nordic and Baltic countries. Data was extracted from the programme by the expert teachers or leaders of the programmes (N = 9). Competencies recommended in the European Tuning Project (ETP) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) guidelines on advanced practice nursing, were used to evaluate the programs. The same informants provided additional information on the current state of APN education in the country. RESULTS: The admission requirements were similar in the six countries but in two, clinical work experience is an entry requirement. There are two commonly identified APN roles: clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and nurse practitioner (NP). Most of the programs included all the EPT and ICN competencies. The main differences regarded prescribing competencies. All programmes included clinical training, but the methods on how it is implemented varies. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that APN programs in the Nordic and Baltic countries correspond with the recommendations of the European Tuning Project and ICN guidelines. This is an important message for administrators, policymakers, and politicians, as well as the nursing community, on providing opportunities for APNs to practice to their full potential within each country as well as cross-country. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: "APN programmes in the Nordic and Baltic countries correspond with international guidelines. Special attention is needed in future on the clinical training of APNs".

Experience in developing innovative practical ability for Master of Nursing Specialist degree program in China: A qualitative descriptive study of postgraduates.

BACKGROUND: Nursing talent training should be adjusted in accordance with policies and regulations, the priority areas of health care, the development of nursing disciplines, and changes in nurses' roles. Experience from nursing education stakeholders indicates that postgraduate education faces numerous challenges. Thus, it is necessary to discuss postgraduates' experience in cultivating innovative practical ability. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the experiences of nursing specialist postgraduates in cultivating innovative practical ability to provide a reference for further improvement of the Master of Nursing Specialist program. DESIGN: A qualitative study. SETTING: A university and its three affiliated tertiary hospitals in H city, China. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with 12 postgraduates currently in clinical practice and six postgraduate nurses within two years of graduation between April and June 2022. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. RESULTS: Three key themes emerged: (1) the cognition of innovative practical ability; (2) the experience of cultivating innovative practical ability at school; and (3) the experience of cultivating innovative practical ability in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: With a full understanding of the training experience of postgraduates' innovative practical ability, policymakers and training units can clarify the shortcomings of the training model, make targeted improvements, and work together to build a more scientific and complete MNS training model. Our findings have the potential to inform faculty structure, catalyze curriculum reform, optimize clinical practice to facilitate the development of Master of Nursing Specialist programs, improve the quality of care, and promote patient recovery.

Preceptors' considerations when entrusting professional activities to postgraduate nursing students: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Nurse-preceptors regularly struggle to evaluate students' readiness to take care of patients unsupervised, even with sophisticated workplace-based assessment tools. Preceptors' gut feelings are not always captured well, but are critical for judgement of readiness for learner entrustment with care tasks. Studies in medical education report features that clinicians consider important when trusting students with clinical responsibilities that might also apply in nursing. OBJECTIVES: To unravel preceptors' considerations when entrusting professional activities to postgraduate nursing students. The findings may contribute to the improvement of workplace-based assessments and the training of preceptors. METHODS: Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with sixteen nurse-preceptors from three postgraduate nursing specialisations in Dutch hospitals. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: CONCLUSIONS: For preceptors of postgraduate nursing students, entrustment requires more than merely insight into objectively measurable competencies. Entrusting is accompanied by subjectivity related to what preceptors expected of students. These expectations are in line with suggested factors in the literature-capability, integrity, reliability, agency, and humility-considered before entrusting students with clinical responsibilities identified in medical training. Entrusting is also accompanied by what preceptors realise about their own role in entrustment decisions. Combining different information sources made assessment more transparent and the implicit more explicit.

"Teaching Through Your Fingertips": A Descriptive Study to Understand the Experiences and Needs of Online Educators in Postgraduate Nursing Education in Australia.

Introduction: Even before COVID-19, enrolments in online postgraduate nursing and midwifery courses were growing globally. Teaching into planned online courses requires pedagogical considerations unique to the context. Objective: The objective of this descriptive mixed methods study was to understand the experiences and needs of Australian online educators who taught into planned online postgraduate nursing or midwifery courses. Methods: A 55-item online survey captured the experiences and needs of participants. This paper reports on the analysis of participants' qualitative responses in this survey, analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Forty-nine postgraduate educators participated in this study. Results: Five core themes were identified: time is precious; redefining the educator role; understanding the pedagogical shift; online and alone; and learning to teach online. Many educators report lacking the skills and confidence to deliver high-quality education to postgraduate students through their fingertips. Conclusion: This research highlighted that online educators need support through resources, education, and professional development.

Transdisciplinary entrustable professional activities.

Healthcare has become highly specialized. Specialists, in medicine as well as in nursing, determine much of the high quality of current health care. But healthcare has also become increasingly fragmented, with professionals trained in separate postgraduate silos, with boundaries often difficult to cross. While a century ago, generalists dominated patient care provision, now specialists prevail and risk becoming alienated from each other, losing the ability to adapt to neighboring professional domains. Current health care requires a flexible workforce, ready to serve in multiple contexts, as the COVID-19 crisis has shown.The new concept of transdisciplinary entrustable professional activities, EPAs applicable in more than one specialty, was recently conceived to enhance collaboration and transfer between educational programs in postgraduate nursing in the Netherlands.In this paper, we reflect on our experiences so far, and on practical and conceptual issues concerning transdisciplinary EPAs, such as: who should define, train, assess, and register transdisciplinary EPAs? How can different prior education prepare for similar EPAs? And how do transdisciplinary EPAs affect professional identity?We believe that transdisciplinary EPAs can contribute to creating more flexible curricula and hence to a more coherent, collaborative healthcare workforce, less determined by the boundaries of traditional specialties.

The clinical learning environment during clinical practice in postgraduate district nursing students' education: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To describe and compare the clinical learning environment in community-based home care and primary health care in postgraduate district nursing students' education. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. METHODS: A convenience sample of postgraduate district nursing students was derived from five Swedish universities in 2016 and 2017. RESULTS: The postgraduate district nursing students were generally satisfied with the clinical learning environment in their clinical placement. In clinical placement, several factors affected the students' opportunities to learn, such as sufficiently meaningful learning situations with multidimensional content. A working environment that imposed psychosocial strain and high levels of stress among the staff negatively affected the students' learning. To further improve their learning from clinical practices, the students need preceptors who have the skills and competence required to support more advanced reflections and critical thinking on caring situations.

La Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en la educación de posgrado para las enfermeras especialistas / Advanced Practice Nursing in Postgraduate Education for Specialist Nurses

Introducción: El término Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada tiene sus orígenes en la misma historia del desarrollo de la enfermería moderna, existe evidencia de que aumenta a nivel internacional, pero persiste la incertidumbre sobre la claridad del rol y la necesidad de progresar de manera coordinada. En la literatura revisada no se encuentra claridad acerca de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada para la educación y el desarrollo profesional de las enfermeras especialistas para considerarlas de práctica avanzada a pesar del conocimiento teórico y práctico que poseen. Objetivo: Identificar cómo se aborda desde la literatura científica, la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada en la educación de posgrado para enfermeras especialistas. Métodos: Se realizó metarrevisión conocida como revisión paraguas o revisión de revisiones entre enero y abril de 2022. Búsqueda en bases de datos: BVS, SciELO y PubMed, con las palabras clave "enfermería de práctica avanzada" AND "enfermeras especialistas" AND "educación de postgrado en enfermería". Criterios de inclusión: estudios de revisión, disponibles a texto completo, publicados en los idiomas inglés, español o portugués. Criterios de exclusión: textos repetidos, los que solo se puede leer el resumen y aquellos que no se ajustaron al tema de estudio. Conclusiones: Varios de los estudios revisados describen el valor de la Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada para el desarrollo profesional y la mejora en la calidad de los servicios; no obstante, su valía aún no es bien reconocida en todos los contextos y se precisa avanzar en la consolidación de las especialistas para considerarlas de práctica avanzada(AU)

Introduction: The term advanced practice nursing has its origins in the very history of modern nursing development. Evidence shows that it is increasing internationally, but uncertainty persists about the clarity of the role and the need to progress in a coordinated way. In the reviewed literature, there is no clarity about advanced practice nursing for the education and professional development of specialist nurses to consider them of advanced practice, despite the theoretical and practical knowledge that they possess. Objective: To identify how advanced practice nursing is approached from the scientific literature in postgraduate education for specialist nurses. Methods: A meta-review known as umbrella review or review of reviews was conducted between January and April 2022. A search was conducted in the BVS, SciELO and PubMed databases, with the keywords enfermería de práctica avanzada [advanced practice nursing] AND enfermeras especialistas [nurse specialists] AND educación de postgrado en enfermería [postgraduate nursing education]. The following inclusion criteria were considered: review studies; available in full text; and published in English, Spanish or Portuguese. The following exclusion criteria were considered: repeated texts; those for which only the abstract could be read; and those that did not fit the study topic. Conclusions: Several of the reviewed studies describe the value of advanced practice nursing for professional development and the improvement in the quality of services; however, its value is still not well recognized in all contexts and progress is needed towards the consolidation of specialists to be considered of advanced practice(AU)

Technical competency required by postgraduate psychiatric nursing students: A qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: Technical skills result in the patient's safety. Psychiatric nurses need to learn and apply them to provide effective and secure cares. This study explains the technical competency required for postgraduate psychiatric nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This conventional qualitative content analysis study is part of a larger study on the clinical competency of postgraduate psychiatric nursing students performed in Iran in 2020. A qualitative study was conducted at universities holding master's degree courses in psychiatric nursing. Participants were instructors and postgraduate psychiatric nursing students, psychiatric nurses, psychologists, and psychiatrists selected by purposeful sampling method. Sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through a semi-structured individual interview and were analyzed by conventional qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The "technical competency" has two subcategories of "specialized knowledge" (including general nursing knowledge, psychiatric nursing knowledge, and basic knowledge of psychology) and "application of knowledge in practice" (including clinical experience, skills of psychiatric nursing interventions, educational skills, and research and evidence-based practice skills). CONCLUSION: The psychiatric nursing student learns and operates knowledge of psychiatric nursing, psychology, education, and research, besides improving their knowledge of general nursing.

Reflexões sobre processos de avaliação do ensino stricto sensu: desafios para a área de enfermagem / Reflexiones sobre los procesos de evaluación de la enseñanza stricto sensu: retos para el enfermería / Reflections on the evaluation processes of stricto sensu teaching: challenges for the nursing

Objetivo: refletir sobre o processo de avaliação do ensino stricto sensu em enfermagem por parte da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Método: estudo de reflexão teórica elaborado a partir de vivências docentes e dos processos avaliativos do ensino stricto sensu em enfermagem. Resultados: na enfermagem, considera-se a produção científica como fator essencial para o seu desenvolvimento e consolidação como disciplina. As pesquisas precisam estar voltadas a problemas relevantes do processo de trabalho, com vistas às boas práticas e à qualidade do cuidado e considerando as reais transformações ocorridas nos cenários de produção do cuidado e de saúde. Conclusão: destaca-se a necessidade de fortalecer o ensino em enfermagem que assegure sua pertinência social, a valorização de competências científicas, éticas e pedagógicas, com vistas à formação de mestres e doutores com capacidade crítico-reflexiva, protagonistas e criativos, para produzir conhecimentos e tecnologias que atendam as demandas das coletividades.

Objective: to reflect on the evaluation process of stricto sensu teaching in nursing by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Method: theoretical reflection study elaborated from teaching experiences and evaluation processes of stricto sensu teaching in nursing. Results: in nursing, scientific production is considered an essential factor for its development and consolidation as a discipline. Research needs to be focused on relevant problems in the work process, with a view to good practices and quality of care and considering the real transformations that have occurred in the care and health production scenarios. Conclusion: there is a need to strengthen nursing education that ensures its social relevance, the enhancement of scientific, ethical and pedagogical skills, with a view to trainingmasters and doctors with critical-reflective capacity, protagonists and creatives, to produce knowledge and technologies that meet the demands of communities.

Objetivo: reflexionar sobre el procesode evaluación de la enseñanza stricto sensu en enfermería por la Coordinación para el Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Educación Superior. Método: estudio de reflexión teórica elaborado a partir de experiencias docentes y procesos de evaluación de la enseñanza stricto sensu en enfermería. Resultados: en enfermería, la producción científica se considera un factor fundamental para su desarrollo y consolidación como disciplina. La investigación debe enfocarse en problemas relevantes en el proceso de trabajo, con miras a las buenas prácticas y la calidad de la atención y considerando las transformaciones reales que se han producido en los escenarios de producción de atencióny salud. Conclusión: existe la necesidad de fortalecer la formación en enfermería que asegure su relevancia social, el perfeccionamiento de las competencias científicas, éticas y pedagógicas, con miras a formar maestros y médicos con capacidad crítico-reflexiva, protagonistas y creativos, para producir conocimientos y tecnologías que satisfagan las demandas de las comunidades.

Postgraduate nursing students' conceptions on scientific integrity and research ethics / Concepciones de los estudiantes de postgrado en enfermería sobre integridad científica y ética en la investigación / Concepções dos estudantes de pós-graduação em Enfermagem sobre integridade científica e ética na pesquisa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the conceptions of postgraduate Nursing students regarding integrity in scientific research. Methods: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study conducted in October 2020, with 40 students from a postgraduate program in Nursing from a public university in Southern Brazil. The interviews had an emphasis on scientific integrity and its importance for scientific research; they were conducted using synchronous communication tool and analyzed by textual discourse analysis. Results: two categories emerged: "Scientific integrity: the ethical dimension of research" and "Implications of academic productivism for scientific integrity". Such integrity is intrinsically related to the supporting ethical elements, as well as to the nuances of productivism and its impacts on integrity. Final Considerations: the cross-sectionalism of ethical practices is necessary in the production spheres of science, so that knowledge is perpetuated in harmony with integrity and its representations to the community.

RESUMEN Objetivos: conocer las concepciones de estudiantes de postgrado en Enfermería sobre integridad en investigación científica. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio realizado en octubre de 2020, con 40 estudiantes de un programa de postgrado en Enfermería de una universidad pública del Sur brasileño. Las entrevistas tuvieron énfasis en la integridad científica y su importancia para las investigaciones científicas; fueron realizadas usando herramienta síncrona de comunicación y analizadas por el análisis textual discursivo. Resultados: emergieron dos categorías: "Integridad científica: la dimensión ética de la investigación" e "Implicaciones del productivismo académico para la integridad científica". Tal integridad se muestra intrínsecamente relacionada a los elementos éticos de base, así como a los matices del productivismo y sus impactos para la integridad. Consideraciones Finales: es necesaria la transversalidad en ética en los ámbitos de producción de la ciencia, para que el conocimiento perpetúe en armonía con la integridad y sus representaciones para la comunidad.

RESUMO Objetivos: conhecer as concepções dos estudantes de pós-graduação em Enfermagem sobre integridade em pesquisa científica. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório realizado em outubro de 2020, com 40 estudantes de um programa de pós-graduação em Enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Sul do Brasil. As entrevistas tiveram ênfase na integridade científica e sua importância para as pesquisas científicas; foram realizadas usando ferramenta síncrona de comunicação e analisadas pela análise textual discursiva. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: "Integridade científica: a dimensão ética da pesquisa" e "Implicações do produtivismo acadêmico para a integridade científica". Tal integridade mostra-se intrinsecamente relacionada aos elementos éticos de suporte, bem como às nuances do produtivismo e seus impactos para a integridade. Considerações Finais: é necessária a transversalização de práticas éticas nos âmbitos de produção da ciência, para que o conhecimento seja perpetuado em harmonia com a integridade e suas representações para a comunidade.

From simulation room to clinical practice: Postgraduate neonatal nursing students' transfer of learning from in-situ resuscitation simulation with interprofessional team to clinical practice.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how postgraduate neonatal nursing students transfer learning from in-situ resuscitation simulation with interprofessional teams to clinical practice. It is essential that healthcare professionals involved in stabilization and resuscitation of newborns master technical (e.g.bag-mask ventilation) and non-technical skills (e.g. teamwork and communication). Simulation plays an important role in education as it allows healthcare professionals safe practicing of skills and teamwork under direct supervision. Debriefing is a central component. Eighteen postgraduate neonatal nursing students participated in in-situ simulation with interprofessional team. Subsequently, five students were interviewed individually. A qualitative content analysis was performed. Three descriptive categories were identified, representing the manifest content:'Non-technical skills','Task management in an acute situation', and 'Learning through reflection'. The interviewees highlighted a deeper understanding of the collaboration and mutual dependency in the team after in-situ simulation. One latent content was identified: "Trust and competence in a relational collaboration". It is challenging to choose the best suited learning activities for learning different subject matters, like skills and competencies needed in clinical neonatal resuscitation.Despite this being a small study, the findings can be transferred to similar educational contexts.