RESUMO
Objective To analyze the injury death status and potential loss due to injury death in monitoring area in shaanxi province from 2015 to 2017, so as to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling injury. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the cause of injury death data. Health economics was used to calculate the potential losses caused by injury death,calculate mortality,standardized death rate,constituent ratio,years of potential life lost(PYLL),average number of years lost(AYLL),working years of potential life lost(WPYLL),average working years of potential life lost(AWPYLL),potential economic lost(PEL). Results The average mortality of injury was 55.76 per 100 000(standardized rate was 45.83 per 100 000) in Shaanxi province from 2015 to 2017.The average injury mortality of male was higher than female,and countryside was higher than city.The leading causes of injury death were traffic accidents,falls,suicide,poisoning. Drowning and homicide were the main types of AYLL,male was higher than female and countryside was high than city.PYLL,WPYLL and PEL in traffic accident were 88 218 person-years,56 413 person-years and 2.728 billions of Yuan,and all of them were higher in male than female, and higher in city than countryside. PYLL,WPYLL and PEL in suicide were 16 789 person-years,10 868 person-years and 0.526 billions of Yuan, higher in female than male, and higher in countryside than city. Conclusions Injury has become a serious public health problem endangering people’s life and health in Shaanxi province,and also the leading cause of death in loss of labor and potential economic loss.
RESUMO
The effect of the set anode potential (between + 200 mV and - 200 mV vs. SHE, standard hydrogen electrode) on the performance and distribution of internal potential losses has been analyzed in a continuous-flow methane-producing microbial electrolysis cell (MEC).Both acetate removal rate (at the anode) and methane generation rate (at the cathode) were higher (1 gCOD/L day and 0.30 m(3)/m(3) day, respectively) when the anode potential was controlled at + 200 mV. However, both the yields of acetate conversion into current and current conversion into methane were very high (72-90%) under all the tested conditions. Moreover, the sum of internal potential losses decreased from 1.46 V to 0.69 V as the anode potential was decreased from + 200 mV to - 200 mV, with cathode overpotentials always representing the main potential losses. This was likely to be due to the high energy barrier which has to be overcome in order to activate the cathode reaction. Finally, the energy efficiency correspondingly increased reaching 120% when the anode was controlled at - 200 mV.
