RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies report that income inequality is an important risk factor for depression and suicide, and an increasing income gap appears inevitable. However, little study to date has investigated associations between the attribution of poverty and suicide. Though we previously reported associations between socio-cultural factors, including income, and suicide, we tried to explore more focused associations between income, attribution of poverty (individualistic, societal), permissive attitude toward suicide, and suicidal thought using a structural equation model. METHODS: A total of 2213 participants from each of three nations (South Korea, Japan, and the United States) completed an online survey. Participants without a history of psychological disorders or suicide attempts completed scales measuring attributions of poverty, attitudes toward suicide, and severity of suicidal thoughts. RESULTS: We established a structural equation model, which exhibited a good fit for all nations, and compared significant path coefficients by country. South Korea had the highest severity of suicidal thought and societal attribution of poverty, followed by Japan and America. In all nations, a permissive attitude was positively related to the severity of suicidal thought and individualistic attribution of poverty was positively related to a permissive attitude toward suicide. Societal attribution of poverty was positively associated with a permissive attitude in Japan and the United States. Income was negatively associated with the severity of suicide in South Korea and the United States. CONCLUSION: Through an established structural equation model, we found the influence of poverty on suicide and identify the common and distinctive factors associated with suicide in each country.
Assuntos
Pobreza , Ideação Suicida , Atitude , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
El objetivo de la investigación es determinar la relación existente entre las actitudes en cuanto a la libertad económica y el Autoritarismo como dos variables dependientes respecto a las variables independientes a) nivel de dominancia social, b) la atribución de la pobreza, c) el nivel de religiosidad individual y d) la percepción de la naturaleza humana. Las variables dependientes que pretenden representar el pensar político se encuentran representadas por dos variables escalares; una de actitudes hacia la libertad económica representando la tradicional "izquierda - derecha" y otra de Autoritarismo. El estudio fue llevado a cabo con una muestra de 196 estudiantes de dos universidades costarricenses, una pública y una privada especializada en ciencias de la salud. Entre los resultados más importantes se obtuvo una relación entre la orientación a la dominancia social y autoritarismo, además de relaciones significativas en cuanto a la religiosidad con a) el autoritarismo, b) libertad económica (derecha económica) y c) la percepción positiva de la naturaleza humana.
The aim is to determine the existing relation between attitudes towards economical freedom and Authoritarianism as two dependent variables in comparison to the independent variables a) level of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), b) poverty attribution, c) the individual religiosity level and d) the perception on human nature. The dependent variables represent the political thinking which is represented by two variables; economical freedom representing the traditional "left - right" conception regarding the economical aspect, and an authoritarianism scale. 196 college students from two Costa Rican universities were surveyed; a public and a private one specialized in health sciences. Among the most important results, a significant relation was found between Social Dominance Orientation and Authoritarianism, as well as between religiousness and a) Authoritarianism, b) Economic freedom (right-wing), and c) a positive perception on human nature.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a relação entre as variáveis dependentes atitudes para com a liberdade econômica e autoritarismo com as variáveis independentes: a) nível de dominância social, b) atribuição de pobreza, c) nível de religiosidade individual e d) percepção da natureza humana. As variáveis dependentes que pretendem representar o pensamento político foram representadas por duas variáveis escalares, uma de atitudes em relação à liberdade econômica que representa a tradicional "esquerda - direita" e outra de autoritarismo. O estudo foi realizado com uma amostra de 196 estudantes de duas universidades de Costa Rica, uma pública e uma privada especializada em ciências da saúde. Destacam-se como resultados a relação entre a orientação em relação à dominância social e o autoritarismo, além de relações significativas entre a religiosidade e as variáveis: a) autoritarismo, b) libertade econômica (direita econômica) y c) a percepção positiva naturaza humana.
L'objectif de la recherche est de déterminer la relation existante des attitudes face à la liberté économique et l'Autoritarisme, comme deux variables dépendantes, par rapport aux variables indépendantes : a) le niveau de dominance sociale, b) l'attribution de la pauvreté, c) le niveau de religiosité individuelle et d) la perception de la nature humaine. Les variables dépendantes que prétend représenter la pensée politique, sont représentées par deux variables scalaires; l'une, d'attitudes envers la liberté économique représentant la traditionnelle "gauche - droite" et, l'autre, de l'Autoritarisme. L'étude a été élaborée sur un échantillonnage de 196 étudiants issus de deux universités costariciennes, une université publique et une université privée, spécialisée en sciences de la santé. Parmi les résultats les plus importants se trouve une relation entre l'orientation de dominance sociale et autoritarisme, et de relations significatives quant à la religiosité avec a) l'autoritarisme, b) la liberté économique (droite économique) et la perception positive de la nature humaine.
RESUMO
ObjectiveTo explore the relative model for psychological resources and poverty attributions of migrant workers in adversities in the aim of understanding poverty problems in China Mainland and find out the factors for tolerance in systematic unjustness.MethodsChina Mainland Poverty Attribution Questionnaire (CMPAQ) ,Simple Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),Resilience Scale (CD-RISC),Locus of Control subscale (I_E) and Thrift subscale (T_E) of CPAI-2 were used upon 398 rural migrant workers,in which 301 were valid.Results ①Deseription statistic: compared with national model,migrant workers score higher in positive coping style subsonic(1.92±0.45),and lower in negative coping style subscale (1.46±0.66),lower in CD-RISC (60.98±14.26) ,higher in I_E subscale (5.53±2.17) and lower in T_E subscale 7.48 + 1.77) ; Scores on the subscales of CMPAQ were separately overburden-fate (3.25±0.90),institution-unjustness (3.45±1.03),personal-competence(3.72±0.78),personal-quality (3.03±1.04),and geographical-environment (3.07±0.97).②Regress analysis:positive coping style can clearly positively predict personal-competence and personalquality attribution,while negative coping style can clearly positively predict all other factors.Resilience(CD-RISC)can clearly positively predict personal-competence attribution.The standard regression coefficient (β) of inner locus of control (I_E) to overburden-fate was negatively significant,while that of thrift (T_E) to all the poverty attribution factors was not significant.All variables other than negative coping style couldn' t clearly predict institution-unjustness attribution.ConclusionThe study discovered some positive psychological resources in rural migrant workers.These resources help them attribute poverty to personal competence but stand in tolerance for institutional unjustness.
