Explainable and generalizable AI-driven multiscale informatics for dynamic system modelling.

Ultra-precision machining requires system modelling that both satisfies explainability and conforms to data fidelity. Existing modelling approaches, whether based on data-driven methods in present artificial intelligence (AI) or on first-principle knowledge, fall short of these qualities in high-demanding industrial applications. Therefore, this paper develops an explainable and generalizable 'grey-box' AI informatics method for real-world dynamic system modelling. Such a grey-box model serves as a multiscale 'world model' by integrating the first principles of the system in a white-box architecture with data-fitting black boxes for varying hyperparameters of the white box. The physical principles serve as an explainable global meta-structure of the real-world system driven by physical knowledge, while the black boxes enhance local fitting accuracy driven by training data. The grey-box model thus encapsulates implicit variables and relationships that a standalone white-box model or black-box model fails to capture. Case study on an industrial cleanroom high-precision temperature regulation system verifies that the grey-box method outperforms existing modelling methods and is suitable for varying operating conditions.

Impact of intraoperative multimodal neurophysiological monitoring combined with blood pressure precision control on incidence of acute cerebral infarction after carotid endarterectomy / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the impact of intraoperative multimodal neurophysiological monitoring combined with blood pressure precise control on incidence of acute cerebral infarction after carotid endarterectomy.Methods:A retrospective study was peformed; 305 patients with atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery admitted to and accepted carotid endarterectomy in Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Dong'e County People's Hospital from January 2020 to September 2023 were selected. Intraoperative multimodal neurophysiological monitoring combined with traditional empirical modalities for blood pressure control was applied to 153 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 (control group), and intraoperative multimodal neurophysiological monitoring combined with blood pressure precise control (based on monitored sensory or motor wave amplitude changes) was applied to 152 patients admitted to our hospital from January 2022 to September 2023 (experimental group). Difference in postoperative acute cerebral infarction incidence between the 2 groups was compared.Results:The experimental group had significantly lower postoperative acute cerebral infarction incidence compared with the control group (4.6% vs. 13.0%, P<0.05). The experimental group had significantly lower postoperative asymptomatic acute cerebral infarction incidence compared with the control group (3.3% vs. 9.8%, P<0.05), while no significant difference was noted in postoperative symptomatic acute cerebral infarction incidence between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Intraoperative multimodal neurophysiological monitoring combined with blood pressure precise control can reduce the postoperative acute cerebral infarction incidence in patients accepted carotid endarterectomy, especacailly postoperative asymptomatic acute cerebral infarction incidence, thereby enhancing surgical safety.

[Current status and prospects of artificial intelligence in schistosomiasis prevention and control].

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and affects socioeconomic developments. Artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in clinical medical sciences, including tumor screening, and electrocardiogram, imaging and pathological analyses, which has potential for precision control of schistosomiasis. Currently, artificial intelligence technology has been employed for clinical assessment of schistosomiasis-associated hepatic fibrosis and ectopic schistosomiasis, prognostic prediction of advanced schistosomiasis, automated identification of Oncomelania hupensis and Schistosoma japonicum eggs and miracidia, epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis, and drug discovery. This review summarizes the advances in the applications of artificial intelligence technology in the management of schistosomiasis and proposes the prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in schistosomiasis elimination.

Design and fabrication of a low-cost and programmable dip coating machine.

Dip coaters provide a compact device that can be used to obtain uniform and consistent coatings on a substrate. This article describes a less costly dip coater design with similar specifications to other dip coaters. The machine consists of a NEMA 23 stepper motor, touch screen display, and acrylic housing to protect the substrate from dust. The machine is programmed using Arduino IDE, allowing for easy changes to be made. The small size of the dip coater makes it ideal for use in labs. The majority of the components require no alterations after purchase, allowing for easy replacements and construction.

[Oncomelania hupensis control strategy during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China].

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and O. hupensis control is an important measure for schistosomiasis control. With the progress of national schistosomiasis control program, the prevalence of schistosomiasis is low in China; however, there are still multiple challenges for O. hupensis breeding and schistosomiasis transmission risk. Considering the target of the national schistosomiasis elimination program and environmental protection in the new era, the introduction of precision identification, precision interventions and precision assessment into O. hupensis control may facilitate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

[Sharing the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China].

Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

Continuous Flat Pressing of MDF Quality Control Model Framework and Collaborative Programming Approach Based on Wood Fiber Hot Pressing Mechanism.

The increasing demand for forestry resources is driving the need for smarter systems capable of saving and protecting forests that can optimize agile forestry production. This study uses the continuous hot-pressing process of wooden medium-density fiberboard (MDF) to investigate the possibility of automatic quality control of the continuous flat pressing process. For this purpose, conceptual digital twin modeling for mechanism and sequence parameter control was conducted based on the cellular automata (CA) theory. A distributed coordination mode framework was constructed, and a craft control programming method was proposed for the quality control of MDF continuous flat pressing. Based on the MDF continuous flat press craft mechanism and control standards, a framework of five distributed flat press cooperative control mode elements for the cylinder array of the continuous panel system (CPS) was defined. To satisfy the distributed distance servo and pressure servo demands of the multi-stage hot pressing craft design, five kinds of synergy collaborative control modes of multiple rack groups were constructed using mode elements: For the four types of typical deviations in slab production, i.e., thickness, slope, depression, and bulge, a multi-zone mutual cooperative mode craft control sequence was programmed. According to the type and intensity of real-time deviation, the corresponding regulation sequence was applied. This effectively counteracts the deviation caused by the uncertainty interference due to the multi-field coupling effect in actual production. The application tests demonstrate that the adjustment and response time of the continuous flat press were greatly improved, and the quality superiority rate is controlled above 95%, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the control strategy.

Oncomelania hupensis control strategy during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and O. hupensis control is an important measure for schistosomiasis control. With the progress of national schistosomiasis control program, the prevalence of schistosomiasis is low in China; however, there are still multiple challenges for O. hupensis breeding and schistosomiasis transmission risk. Considering the target of the national schistosomiasis elimination program and environmental protection in the new era, the introduction of precision identification, precision interventions and precision assessment into O. hupensis control may facilitate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

Sharing the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Currently, the national schistosomiasis control program of China is moving from transmission interruption to elimination, and there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards the progression of schistosomiasis elimination, including a high difficulty in shrinking snail-infested areas, unstable achievements for infectious source control, imperfect surveillance system and a reduction in schistosomiasis control and administration. Based on the core suggestions proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, recommendations on schistosomiasis surveillance system building, development of novel diagnostics, adjustment of the schistosomiasis control strategy and maintaining and improvements of the schistosomiasis control capability are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China in the new era according to the actual status of schistosomiasis control in China. Formulation of the national schistosomiasis control strategy and goal from One Health perspective, verification of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis, precision implementation of schistosomiasis control interventions with adaptations to local circumstances, development and application of highly sensitive and specific diagnostics are recommended for elimination of schistosomiasis in China. In addition, the implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis may guide the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.

Implementation of six degree-of-freedom high-precision robotic phantom on commercial industrial robotic manipulator.

This technical note discloses our implementation of a six degree-of-freedom (DOF) high-precision robotic phantom on a commercially available industrial robot manipulator. These manipulators are designed to optimize their set point tracking accuracy as it is the most important performance metric for industrial manipulators. Their in-house controllers are tuned to suppress its error less than a few tens of micrometers. However, the use of industrial robot manipulators in six DOF robotic phantom can be a difficult problem since their in-house controller are not optimized for continuous path tracking in general. Although instantaneous tracking error in a continuous path tracking task will not exceed five millimeters during motion with the in-house controller, it seriously matters for a robotic phantom, as the tracking error should remain within one millimeter in three dimensional space for all time during motion. The difficulty of the task is further increased since the reference trajectory of a robotic phantom, which is a six DOF tumor motion of a patient, cannot be as smooth as the ones used in factories. The present study presents a feedforward controller for a feedback-controlled industrial six DOF robotic manipulator to be used as a six DOF robotic phantom to drive the water equivalent phantom (WEP). We first trained a set of six recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to capture the six DOF input/output behavior of the robotic manipulator controlled by its in-house controller, and we proceed to formulate an iterative learning control (ILC) using the trained model to generate an augmented reference trajectory for a specific patient that enables very high tracking accuracy to that trajectory. Experimental evaluation results demonstrate clear improvements in the accuracy of the proposed robotic phantom compared to our previous robotic phantom, which uses the same manipulator but is driven by a different corrected reference trajectory.

[Thinking on the control strategy at schistosomiasis elimination stage in China].

This paper reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis control strategy in China at various stages after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and analyzes the roles and main problems of the schistosomiasis control strategy at different stages. At the end stage of schistosomiasis elimination, the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control should be continued to be sustained and the problems regarding the implementation of this integrated strategy are analyzed. In addition, the countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed.

[Intensifying the precision control to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in mountainous and hilly regions of China].

In China, the mountainous and hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions are mainly distributed in 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. Following the concerted efforts for more than 60 years, great successes have been achieved in schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly regions of China. Recently, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces seized the opportunity created in the rural and agriculture development, implemented the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control, utilized modern information techniques, innovated schistosomiasis control models, built sensitive and highly effective surveillance-response systems, and actively tackled the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, which greatly facilitated the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in mountainous and hilly regions of China.

Intensifying the precision control to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in mountainous and hilly regions of China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

In China, the mountainous and hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions are mainly distributed in 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. Following the concerted efforts for more than 60 years, great successes have been achieved in schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly regions of China. Recently, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces seized the opportunity created in the rural and agriculture development, implemented the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control, utilized modern information techniques, innovated schistosomiasis control models, built sensitive and highly effective surveillance-response systems, and actively tackled the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, which greatly facilitated the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in mountainous and hilly regions of China.

Thinking on the control strategy at schistosomiasis elimination stage in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

This paper reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis control strategy in China at various stages after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes the roles and main problems of the schistosomiasis control strategy at different stages. At the end stage of schistosomiasis elimination, the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control should be continued to be sustained and the problems regarding the implementation of this integrated strategy are analyzed. In addition, the countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed.

Intensifying the precision control to facilitate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in mountainous and hilly regions of China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

In China, the mountainous and hilly schistosomiasis-endemic regions are mainly distributed in 2 provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. Following the concerted efforts for more than 60 years, great successes have been achieved in schistosomiasis control in mountainous and hilly regions of China. Recently, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces seized the opportunity created in the rural and agriculture development, implemented the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control, utilized modern information techniques, innovated schistosomiasis control models, built sensitive and highly effective surveillance-response systems, and actively tackled the challenges of schistosomiasis elimination, which greatly facilitated the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in mountainous and hilly regions of China.

Thinking on the control strategy at schistosomiasis elimination stage in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

This paper reviews the evolution of the schistosomiasis control strategy in China at various stages after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes the roles and main problems of the schistosomiasis control strategy at different stages. At the end stage of schistosomiasis elimination, the integrated strategy with emphasis on infectious source control should be continued to be sustained and the problems regarding the implementation of this integrated strategy are analyzed. In addition, the countermeasures to solve these problems are proposed.

In Silico Tracking of Individual Species Accelerating Progress in Macromolecular Engineering and Design.

The beneficial use of computer simulations to track the microstructural evolution of individual species is highlighted in view of macromolecular engineering and design, considering two case studies on catalytic polymerization, and both "low" (<100) and "high" (>100) chain lengths, that is, i) atom transfer radical copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and styrene aiming at the synthesis of functional macrospecies of "identical' chain length; and ii) chain shuttling polymerization of ethylene and 1-octene toward the production of segmented block copolymers with "soft" and "hard" segments. Model parameters are validated and/or tuned based on literature data. The modeling strategy supports the future identification of chemical structure-polymer property relationships and is based on the combination of principles from polymer reaction engineering, chemistry, and physics.

Precision control is essential to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimina⁃ tion in China. Summary of the Second Forum on Schistosomiasis Control in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

@#The Second Forum on Schistosomiasis Control in China was successfully held in Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases during the period between 21th and 23th，September，2017. Based on the topic“Implementation of precision control to accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination”，the forum discussed three macro problems pertaining to how to improve the theory and policy of precision control during the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in China，and six technical problems regarding how to achieve more precise management of the residual sources of infections and more precise monitoring of transmission risk. Finally，a consensus was achieved that precision control is essential to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China.

[Precision control is essential to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China. Summary of the Second Forum on Schistosomiasis Control in China].

The Second Forum on Schistosomiasis Control in China was successfully held in Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases during the period between 21th and 23th, September, 2017. Based on the topic "Implementation of precision control to accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination", the forum discussed three macro problems pertaining to how to improve the theory and policy of precision control during the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination in China, and six technical problems regarding how to achieve more precise management of the residual sources of infections and more precise monitoring of transmission risk. Finally, a consensus was achieved that precision control is essential to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China.