Association of birth and periodontal disease in Bolivia, Chile and Colombia / Asociación de parto prematuro y enfermedad periodontal en Bolivia, Chile y Colombia

ABSTRACT Introduction. Preterm birth is a major medical, social, and economic problem that causes a large proportion of neonatal mortality and morbidity, has a high impact on the healthcare system, and affects family quality of life. The weight of newborns with mothers with periodontal disease is significantly lower compared to mothers not affected by this oral disease. This adverse outcome is considered a global public health problem based on epidemiological data. Objective. To determine the association between the prevalence of preterm births and periodontal disease in Bolivia, Chile, and Colombia from 2000 to 2020. Materials and methods. This ecological study considered the population of women in Bolivia, Chile, and Colombia, according to the prevalence of preterm births and periodontal disease discriminated by age. The study covered the period between 2000 and 2020. The search strategy within the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation investigative tool included prevalence, age groups, causes of preterm births and periodontal disease, context and locations, women, and rates. Statistical analysis included a simple linear regression between preterm births and periodontal disease for each age group within each country. Results. Preterm birth rates were higher in the 15-19 years age group (Bolivia: 697,563; Chile: 844,864; Colombia: 804,126). The periodontal disease prevalence increased with age, as we observed in the 45-49 years group (Bolivia: 22,077,854; Chile: 34,297,901, Colombia: 32,032.830). According to age groups, the linear regression was statistically significant (p < 0.001) in all age groups for the Bolivian population over 30 years for the Colombian, and only in the 15-19 years group for the Chilean women. Conclusion. An association was found between preterm births and periodontal disease in all age groups in Bolivia, only in the group of 15 to 19 years in Chile, and 30 years and up in Colombia over the 20-year period.

RESUMEN Introducción. El parto prematuro es un problema médico, social y económico importante, causa gran mortalidad y morbilidad neonatal, tiene un impacto importante en el sistema de salud y afecta la calidad de vida de las familias. El peso de los recién nacidos de madres con enfermedad periodontal es significativamente menor en comparación con los de madres no afectadas por esta enfermedad bucal. Este resultado adverso se considera un problema de salud pública global según los datos epidemiológicos. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre la prevalencia de parto prematuro y la enfermedad periodontal en Bolivia, Chile y Colombia entre el 2000 y el 2020. Materiales y métodos. Este estudio ecológico consideró las poblaciones de mujeres de Bolivia, Chile y Colombia, y la prevalencia de partos prematuros y enfermedad periodontal, discriminadas por grupos de edad. El estudio abarcó el período entre el 2000 y el 2020. La estrategia de búsqueda con la herramienta de investigación del Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation incluyó prevalencia, grupos de edad, años entre 2000 y 2020, causas de parto prematuro y enfermedad periodontal, contexto y ubicaciones, mujeres y tasas. El análisis estadístico incluyó una regresión lineal simple entre parto prematuro y enfermedad periodontal para cada grupo de edad dentro de cada país. Resultados. Las tasas de partos prematuros fueron mayores en el grupo de 15 a 19 años (Bolivia: 697.563, Chile: 844.864, Colombia: 804.126). La prevalencia de la enfermedad periodontal aumentó con la edad, particularmente en el grupo de 45 a 49 años (Bolivia: 22'077.854, Chile: 34'297.901, Colombia: 32'032,830). Según los grupos de edad, la regresión lineal fue estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001) para todos los grupos evaluados de la población boliviana, en los grupos mayores de 30 años para las colombianas y solo en el grupo de 15 a 19 años para las mujeres chilenas. Conclusión. Se encontró asociación entre el parto prematuro y la enfermedad periodontal en todos los grupos de edad en Bolivia, solo en el grupo de 15 a 19 años en Chile, y de 30 años y más en Colombia en el período evaluado de 20 años.

A experiência de um programa de atenção à saúde bucal no atendimento às gestantes / Experience of an oral health attention program in attendance of pregnant women

O Projeto Só-Riso - Atenção Materno-Infantil é um projeto de extensão no qual alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, MG, realizam tratamento de gestantes visando a preservação da sanidade gestacional e promoção de saúde ao binômio mãe-filho. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a experiência da instituição no atendimento às gestantes. Foi coletado do prontuário dados sociodemográficos, distúrbios sistêmicos, condição de saúde bucal, tratamentos executados e encaminhamentos necessários. Utilizou-se análise descritiva da frequência absoluta e relativa. Foram atendidas 78 gestantes, com média de idade de 27,9 anos. Infecção geniturinária foi o distúrbio sistêmico mais comum (11/78). Todas as gestantes receberam orientação sobre saúde geral e bucal e foram submetidas à profilaxia antes do exame clínico. Selamento provisório de lesões cavitadas (66/78) e raspagem periodontal (60/78) representaram a maioria dos procedimentos executados. A alta prevalência de cárie dentária e doença periodontal encontrada demonstra a necessidade de atenção a esta população. Demonstrou-se que é possível o tratamento e a desmistificação do atendimento à gestante, principalmente em nível de atenção básica.

“Só-Riso – Atenção Materno-Infantil” is a extension project where students of the Dental School of Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil, accomplish treatment of pregnant women in order to achieve preservation of the gestational sanity and health promotion of mother and child. The purpose of this study was to relate the experience of this institution in the assistance of these women. It was registered from the records information about socio-demographic data, systemic disturbances, condition of oral health, preventive and curative procedures performed and directions to other levels of attention. Descriptive analysis, which registered absolute and relative frequency were used. Seventy eight pregnant women, mean age 27.9 years, were assisted. Urinary tract infections were the most common (11/78) systemic disturbance. All women received guidance on general and oral health and were submitted to dental prophylaxis before oral examination. Temporary cavity sealing (66/78) and periodontal scaling (60/78) represented most of procedures carried out. The high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease has shown the need of continuing attention. It was also demonstrated that it is possible the treatment and demystification of pregnant women’s assistance, mainly at basic assistance.