Adolescent mothers, self-care and childcare: content validation of an Event History Calendar / Madres adolescentes, autocuidado y cuidado de los hijos: validación del contenido de un calendario histórico de acontecimientos / Mães adolescentes, autocuidado e cuidado infantil: validação de conteúdo de um calendário histórico de eventos

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the content of the tool Event History Calendar Adolescent Mother: strengthening self-care and child care. Method: Methodological study using the Delphi technique, conducted in two rounds, involving 37 nursing specialists. In data collection, from December/2019 to August/2020, a semi-structured questionnaire composed of 47 items related to the two dimensions of the tool: Self-care and Child Care was used. The Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80 was used to assess agreement among the experts. Qualitative elements were analyzed for clarity and comprehensiveness of content. Results: In the first round, 46 items showed Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80. The qualitative elements pointed out more clarity for the adolescent audience. After the changes, the tool presented 30 items. In the second round, the 30 items evaluated achieved Content Validity Index ≥ 0.80. The qualitative considerations were translated into modifications in the content and sequence in the final version of the tool. Conclusion: The validated tool obtained adequate evaluation of the items of each dimension, related to adolescent mother self-care and child care, with a high degree of comprehensibility.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Validar el contenido de la herramienta Event History Calendar Madre Adolescente: fortaleciendo el autocuidado y el cuidado de los hijos. Método: Estudio metodológico mediante la técnica Delphi, realizado en dos rondas, en el que participaron 37 expertos en enfermería. En la recopilación de datos, de diciembre de 2019 a agosto de 2020, se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado compuesto por 47 ítems relacionados con dos dimensiones de la herramienta: Autocuidado y Cuidado del niño. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez del Contenido ≥ 0,80 para evaluar el acuerdo entre los expertos. Se analizaron los elementos cualitativos para comprobar la claridad y exhaustividad del contenido. Resultados: En la primera ronda, 46 ítems presentaron Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0,80. Los elementos cualitativos apuntan a la necesidad de una mayor claridad para el público adolescente. Tras los cambios, la herramienta presentaba 30 ítems. En la segunda ronda, los 30 ítems evaluados alcanzaron un Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0,80. Las consideraciones cualitativas se tradujeron en modificaciones del contenido y la secuencia en la versión final de la herramienta. Conclusión: El instrumento validado obtuvo evaluación adecuada de los ítems de cada dimensión, relacionados al autocuidado de la madre adolescente y al cuidado del niño, con alto grado de comprensibilidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo da ferramenta Event History Calendar Mãe Adolescente: fortalecendo o autocuidado e o cuidado da criança. Método: Estudo metodológico com a técnica Delphi, realizado em duas rodadas, envolvendo 37 especialistas de enfermagem. Na coleta de dados, de dezembro/2019 a agosto/2020, foi utilizado um questionário semiestruturado composto por 47 itens relacionados às duas dimensões da ferramenta: Autocuidado e Cuidado da criança. O Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,80 foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os especialistas. Elementos qualitativos foram analisados quanto à clareza e abrangência do conteúdo. Resultados: Na primeira rodada, 46 itens apresentaram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,80. Os elementos qualitativos apontaram necessidade de maior clareza para o público adolescente. Após as alterações, a ferramenta apresentou 30 itens. Na segunda rodada, os 30 itens avaliados alcançaram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,80. As considerações qualitativas foram traduzidas em modificações no conteúdo e sequência na versão final da ferramenta. Conclusão: A ferramenta validada obteve avaliação adequada dos itens de cada dimensão, relacionados ao autocuidado da mãe adolescente e cuidado da criança, com alto grau de compreensibilidade.

Depression Screening Rates and Symptom Severity by Alcohol Use Among Primary Care Adult Patients.

BACKGROUND: Hazardous alcohol use with depression may exacerbate health conditions and complicate medical care. We examined the rate of depression screening by alcohol use severity among primary care patients screened for hazardous alcohol use and, among those screened, examined patterns of significant depressive symptoms. METHODS: Using cross-sectional data from primary care patients (n = 2,894,906), we examined past-90-day alcohol use (number of typical drinking days/week and typical number of drinks consumed daily); depression screening rates (using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 [PHQ-9]); and symptom severity, demographics, and prevalence of selected psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS: Within 30 days of routine, in-clinic alcohol use screening by medical assistants, 2.4% (n = 68,686) of patients also completed a PHQ-9; these patients were more likely to be female, younger, white, Medicaid insured, and to have a nondepressive psychiatric diagnosis and a lower Charlson comorbidity score. Abstainers and moderate drinkers (1 to 7 drinks/week or 1 to 4 drinks/week for women and individuals >65 years or for men ≤65 years, respectively) were less likely than hazardous drinkers (exceeding weekly limits) to complete the PHQ-9 or to have significant depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥10). Nonwhite patients with higher Charlson comorbidity scores were more likely to endorse significant depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small fraction of patients in this cohort were screened for depression. Nonwhite patients and those with higher comorbidity burden were more likely to report depression but less likely to be screened. These discrepancies between depression-screening rates and significant depressive symptoms suggest that screening for depression should be enhanced in these at-risk groups.

Caracterização do uso do alendronato para osteoporose na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Characterization of alendronate utilization for osteoporosis in Primary Health Care / Caracterización de el uso de alendronato para la osteoporosis en Atención Primária de Salud

Objetivo: Identificar a caracterização do uso do alendronato sódico por pacientes em tratamento para osteoporose na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no município de Sobral, CE, e relacionar os possíveis fatores que poderiam influenciar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foi realizado com o uso de um questionário, entre fevereiro e março de 2012, com 90 pacientes em tratamento para osteoporose com alendronato sódico, de ambos os sexos e maiores de 50 anos. Resultados: Noventa e nove porcento dos pacientes eram representados pelo o sexo feminino. Sobre a faixa etária, 67% correspondiam a mais de 60 anos. Houve predominância de fratura na coluna em 45% dos pacientes. Sessenta e dois porcento ingeriam o alendronato de forma inadequada e 43% relataram alguma reação adversa ao medicamento. Conclusão: O uso inadequado do alendronato de sódio pelos pacientes, assim como sua ausência nos Centros de Saúde da Família (CSF), são fatores que influenciam diretamente na não adesão ao tratamento da osteoporose. É importante que sejam desenvolvidas ações de educação em saúde sobre o uso adequado desse medicamento como forma de garantia de qualidade de vida.

Objective: To examine the use of alendronate sodium among patients undergoing treatment for osteoporosis in primary health care (PHC) in the city of Sobral, CE, and to list the possible factors that could influence adherence to medication. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire between February and March 2012. The participants were 90 patients from both sexes being treated with alendronate sodium for osteoporosis, and aged 50 years or more. Results: Of the participants, 99% were females and 67% were more than 60 years old. Spinal fracture was predominant (45% of the sample), 62% consumed the drug inappropriately, and 43% reported an adverse drug reaction. Conclusion: Improper use of alendronate sodium by patients and its shortage in the Family Health Center (FHC) are factors that directly influence adherence to osteoporosis medication. It is important that health education programs be developed on the appropriate use of this drug as a guarantee of quality of life.

Objetivo: Identificar la caracterización del uso de alendronato para los pacientes que reciben tratamiento para la osteoporosis en Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) en el municipio de Sobral-CE, y la lista de los posibles factores que podrían influir en la adherencia a la medicación. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo y cuantitativo. Se llevó a cabo a través de un cuestionario entre febrero y marzo de 2012, con 90 pacientes tratados con alendronato para la osteoporosis en ambos sexos y mayores de 50 años. Resultados: Noventa y nueve por ciento fueron representados por las mujenes. Entre el grupo de edad, el 67% eran mayores de 60 años. Predominaron fractura vertebral representado por 45%. Sesenta y dos por ciento recibió el fármaco de manera inapropiada y 43% informó una reacción adversa a un medicamento. Conclusión: El uso inadecuado de alendronato por los pacientes, así como su ausencia en el Centro de Salud de la Familia (CSF) son factores que influyen directamente en la falta de adherencia al tratamiento de la osteoporosis. Es importante que se desarrollen actividades educativas de salud sobre el uso adecuado de este fármaco como una garantía de calidad de vida.

Assessing family medicine trainees--what can we learn from the European neighbours?

BACKGROUND: Although demands on family physicians (FP) are to a large extent similar in the European Union, uniform assessment standards for family medicine (FM) specialty training and assessment do not exist. Aim of this pilot study was to elicit and compare the different modalities and assessment methods of FM specialty training in five European countries. METHODS: A semi structured survey was undertaken based on a convenient sample in five European countries (Denmark, Germany, Poland, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). The respondents were asked to respond to ten items about aspects of FM specialty training and assessment methods in their respective countries. If available, this data was completed with information from official websites of the countries involved. RESULTS: FM specialty training is performed heterogeneously in the surveyed countries. Training time periods range from three to five years, in some countries requiring a foundation program of up to two years. Most countries perform longitudinal assessment during FM specialty training using a combination of competence-based approach with additional formative and summative assessment. There is some evidence on the assessments methods used, however the assessment method used and costs of assessment differs remarkably between the participating countries. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal and competence-based assessment is the presently preferred approach for FM specialty training. Countries which use less multifaceted methods for assessment could learn from best practice. Potential changes have significant cost implications.

Modificación de conocimientos y estilos de vida en adultos mayores con enfermedad cerebrovascular / Modification to knowledge and lifestyles in older adults with cerebrovascular diseases

Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención educativa en 26 pacientes mayores de 60 años pertenecientes a los Consultorios Médicos de Familia 5 y 16 de la Policlínica III "René Vallejo Ortiz" de Manzanillo, desde mayo del 2010 hasta igual mes del 2011, a fin de modificar sus conocimientos y estilos de vida sobre los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se confeccionó un formulario y una encuesta con vistas a determinar las necesidades de aprendizaje sobre el tema y se utilizó la prueba de los signos para la validación estadística de los hallazgos. En la casuística, el factor de riesgo predominante resultó ser la hipertensión arterial. Además, se comprobó que después de la aplicación del programa educativo mejoró el nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema y fue modificado el estilo de vida de estos adultos mayores.

A quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out in 26 patients older than 60 years from the Doctor's Offices 5 and 16 belonging to "René Vallejo Ortiz" Polyclinic III in Manzanillo, from May 2010 to May 2011, in order to modify their knowledge and lifestyles about risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. A questionnaire and a survey were made to determine the needs of learning on the subject and the sign test was used for the statistical validation of findings. In the case series the predominant risk factor was found to be hypertension. Furthermore, it was confirmed that after the implementation of the educational program the level of knowledge about the subject improved and the lifestyle of these older adults was modified.