RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The outcome of the undergraduate medical programme is to produce clinically competent health care providers relevant for the South African context. Educational institutions find it hard to ensure the quality of assessments where competency must be assessed. This study aimed to compile an assessment framework that can be used to benchmark current assessment practices in the clinical phase of the undergraduate medical programme where competency must be certified. METHODS: In this observational, descriptive study, qualitative data were gathered using the steps described by the World Health Organization for rapid reviews. Literature was searched, screened and selected before data were analysed and a framework was constructed. RESULTS: Twenty-five official documents were included in the study. The framework addressed the three components of quality assessment, namely, accreditation, assessment and quality assurance. Assessors should attend to the principles of assessment, namely, validity, reliability, fairness, feasibility, educational effect and acceptability, but realise that no assessment meets all these criteria. The first step to ensure quality assessment is to identify a clear outcome. Assessment should be planned and aligned with this outcome. CONCLUSION: It is clear that clinical assessment is multidimensional and that no assessment is perfect. Programme accreditation, assessment practices and psychometrics can assist to improve the quality of assessment but cannot judge clinical competence. Using experienced assessors with a variety of assessment methods on a continuous basis is the proposed way to assess clinical competence. An assessment framework can assist to improve assessment, but it cannot guarantee quality assessment.
Assuntos
Benchmarking , Competência Clínica , Atenção à Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Q-marker of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is a latest proposed core concept of CMM quality evaluation and quality control. A wide range of relevant researches on the Q-marker have been carried out by science and technology workers since the concept was put forward. However, to date, most studies are still limited to Q-marker studies of single herbs and pieces and cannot fully reflect all the elements of the concept of Q-marker. In this paper, the scientific connotation of five elements and the principles, ideas and approaches for the discovery and determination of CMM Q-marker were systemically discussed from the perspectives of quality transmissibility and traceability, ingredient specificity, component validity, component measurability, and formula compatibility environment. Moreover, research approaches of Q-marker of CMM formula based on “five principles” were proposed. The examples of representative researches provide a systematic research idea and reference for the research and discovery of CMM Q-marker.
RESUMO
Introducción: la mejora de los servicios de archivo requiere la implementación de procedimientos específicos y normas para la gestión documental y una cultura organizacional orientada a los principios de la calidad. Objetivo: establecer las acciones que permiten dar cumplimiento a los principios de gestión de la calidad en los archivos y la normativa aplicable a la gestión documental. Material y Métodos: se revisaron las normas internacionales empleadas para la gestión documental y la gestión de la calidad en los archivos, empleando el motor de búsqueda de Google con los descriptores normas, calidad y archivos. Fue consultado, también, el catálogo de normas de la Organización Internacional de Normalización. Resultados: el liderazgo, el enfoque al cliente y de procesos, la implicación de los empleados, la colaboración con los proveedores y la mejora del desempeño son principios básicos de la gestión de la calidad de los archivos y para su cumplimiento fueron establecidas un conjunto de acciones. Por otra parte, la identificación de los requisitos de las normas de sistemas de gestión de la calidad y gestión documental permitió establecer el marco organizacional y técnico necesario para garantizar la calidad del servicio del archivo de historias clínicas. Conclusiones: la aplicación de los principios de gestión de calidad a los archivos y la implantación de las normas de gestión documental reportaría a estas instituciones beneficios derivados de una mayor eficacia y eficiencia en la prestación del servicio dirigida a satisfacer las necesidades y expectativas de sus usuarios y otras partes interesadas(AU)
Introduction: the improvement of archival services requires the implementation of specific procedures and standards for documental management and organizational culture oriented to the principles of quality. Objective: establish the actions which ensure the compliance with quality management principles in archival practice and the standards applicable to documental management. Material and Methods: employed international standards for document management and quality management in the archival activities were reviewed using the search engine Google with the descriptors standards, quality and archives. Also, the catalog of standards of the International Organization for Standardization was consulted. Results: leadership, focus on customers, processes approach, employee involvement, partnership with suppliers and performance improvement are basic principles of quality management of archives and a set of actions for compliance with these principles were established. Moreover, the identification of the requirements of the quality management system standards and document management allowed us to establish the organizational and technical framework necessary to ensure quality in patient record service. Conclusions: the application of quality management principles to archives and implementation of document management standards for these institutions would bring benefits from increased efficiency and effectiveness in service delivery aimed at satisfying the needs and expectations of its users and other stakeholders(AU)