Selenium Nanoparticle-Enriched and Potential Probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum S14 Strain, a Diet Supplement Beneficial for Rainbow Trout.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), obtained from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine, were cultured in MRS medium and probiotic candidates. Concurrently, producers of elemental selenium nanoparticles (Se0Nps) were selected. Probiotic candidates were subjected to morphological characterization and the following tests: antibacterial activity, antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, catalase, hydrophobicity, viability at low pH, and tolerance to bile salts. Two LAB strains (S4 and S14) satisfied the characteristics of potential probiotics, but only strain S14 reduced selenite to biosynthesize Se0Nps. S14 strain was identified, by 16S rDNA analysis, as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Electron microscopy showed Se0Nps on the surface of S14 cells. Rainbow trout diet was supplemented (108 CFU g-1 feed) with Se0Nps-enriched L. plantarum S14 (LABS14-Se0Nps) or L. plantarum S14 alone (LABS14) for 30 days. At days 0, 15, and 30, samples (blood, liver, and dorsal muscle) were obtained from both groups, plus controls lacking diet supplementation. Fish receiving LABS14-Se0Nps for 30 days improved respiratory burst and plasmatic lysozyme, (innate immune response) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (oxidative status) activities and productive parameters when compared to controls. The same parameters also improved when compared to fish receiving LABS14, but significant only for plasmatic and muscle GPX. Therefore, Se0Nps-enriched L. plantarum S14 may be a promising alternative for rainbow trout nutritional supplementation.

Giant Squid (Dosidicus gigas) Meal in Chicken Diets to Enrich Meat with n-3 Fatty Acids.

The main marketed parts of squid are the mantle, the head with tentacles, and fins. However, when the whole squid does not meet quality standards for human consumption it can be used for broiler feed. The objective of the study was to include giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) meal (GSM) in broiler rations to increase the content of the n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosapentaenoic (DPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) in chicken meat. Two hundred Ross 380 chickens, half male, half female, and one day old, were randomly distributed in a 4x2x2 factorial arrangement. The factors were the treatment (0%, 1.67%, 3.34%, and 5.01% of GSM in the diet), sex, and content of n-3 in the legs with thighs and the breasts. Each treatment had five repetitions with 10 birds each. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in the production parameters for both sexes. The contents of EPA, DPA, and DHA increased in the females and in the legs with thighs (p < 0.05) with GSM. Acceptance for the flavor and texture of meat was higher in the treatment with 1.67% GSM than in the other treatments. It is concluded that GSM is an alternative for increasing the amount of n-3 in chicken meat.

Effects of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol with two D3 vitamin levels on production and immunity parameters in broiler chickens.

This study was performed in Ross 308 chickens aged 1-21 days and aimed to evaluate whether the addition of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3 ) to broiler chicken diets affects their growth performance and immunity. A completely random 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used with two levels of vitamin D3 and the absence or presence of 25(OH)D3 , corresponding to four treatments based on sorghum + soya bean diets: (i) 200 IU of vitamin D3 /kg of feed (Diet 1) (NRC, ), (ii) Diet 1 + 69 µg of 25(OH)D3 /kg of feed (Diet 2), (iii) 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 /kg of feed (Diet 3) and (iv) Diet 3 + 69 µg of 25(OH)D3 /kg of feed (Diet 4). Each treatment was conducted with six replicates of 10 chickens each. Water and feed was supplied ad libitum. The results showed significantly increased growth and tibia ash (p < .05) in the birds fed 5,000, IU of vitamin D3 /kg + 25(OH)D3 . Additionally, the cellular immune response increased significantly (p < .05) in both treatments with added 25(OH)D3. Based on the results obtained under the current test conditions, the addition of 25(OH)D3 at a rate of 69 µg/kg to diets containing vitamin D3 improved the cellular immune response and mineral deposition in the bones of broilers aged 1-21 days. Because these parameters are very important in modern poultry farming, these results indicate that supplementation with 25(OH)D3 should improve broiler production.

Perspectivas sobre el uso de sustancias húmicas en la producción aviar / Perspectives on the use of humic substances in poultry production / Perspectivas sobre o uso de substâncias húmicas na avicultura

Resumen Las sustancias húmicas (SH) son un producto de la biotransformación de la materia orgánica, que han sido utilizadas ampliamente en procesos agrícolas, tales como la recuperación de suelos, como agentes biorremediadores por sus propiedades quelantes de sustancias tóxicas residuales, así como en la producción animal como promotor del mejoramiento de los parámetros productivos. Los procesos de producción animal en la actualidad demandan producción limpia aunada a un rendimiento competitivo de los sistemas de producción animal frente a los cuales, alternativas de manejo como la suplementación con aditivos alimentarios de origen natural, que mejoren los parámetros productivos y que a la vez participen en el mejoramiento de la salud animal, son la tendencia en la actualidad. En la presente revisión se hace énfasis en la contribución que las SH realizan en la producción avícola a partir de resultados de investigación que afirman que la suplementación de la dieta tanto de pollos de engorde como de gallinas ponedoras, permite la optimización en la digestión de los nutrientes, lo cual conlleva al mejoramiento en los parámetros zootécnicos. Dada la relación de la fisiología intestinal con la respuesta inmune, es posible que hayan efectos inmunomoduladores positivos asociados a la inclusión de estos aditivos en la dieta como una alternativa de producción limpia.

Abstract Humic substances (SH; product of the biotransformation of organic matter) have been widely used in agricultural processes such as soil remediation and also as bioremediation agents due to their ability to chelate toxic wastes. HS have been also used in animal production to promote growth performance. Animal production systems currently require cleaner production coupled with competitive performance. Today´s trends also include management alternatives such as supplementation with feed additives from natural sources to improve productivity and animal health. This review focuses on how SH contributes to poultry production based on research claims that SH supplementation to broilers and laying hens allows optimizing nutrient digestion, leading to improved productivity. Given the existing relationship between intestinal physiology and the immune response, there could be positive immunomodulatory effects associated with the dietary inclusion of these additives.

Resumo As substancias húmicas (SH) são um produto da biotransformação da matéria orgânica, que tem sido utilizadas comumente em processos agrícolas tais como a recuperação do solo, quanto como agentes biorremediadores pelas suas propriedades quelantes de substancias toxicas residuais. Do mesmo jeito são usadas na produção animal como promotor do crescimento permitindo melhorar os parâmetros produtivos. Os processos de produção animal na atualidade demandam produção limpa junto a um rendimento competitivo dos sistemas de produção animal frente aos quais, alternativas de manejo como a suplementação com aditivos alimentares de origem natural, que melhorem os parâmetros produtivos e que a sua vez participem no melhoramento da saúde animal, são a tendência na atualidade. Na presente revisão se faz ênfase na contribuição que as SH realizam na produção avícola a partir de resultados de pesquisas que afirmam que a suplementação da dieta tanto de frangos de corte quanto de galinhas poedeiras, permite a optimização da digestão dos nutrientes, o qual conduz ao melhoramento dos parâmetros zootécnicos, dada a relação da fisiologia intestinal com a resposta imune, é possível que existam efeitos imuno-moduladores positivos associados a inclusão de estes aditivos na dieta como uma alternativa de produção limpa.