Osteopatia craniomandibular em cães sem raça definida / Craniomandibular osteopathy in mixed breed dogs

Background: Craniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a degenerative, osteopetrotic, and self-limiting bone disease that is rare in the canine species. The most affected bones and joints are the branches of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with generalized thickening of the bone trabeculae, increased lines of bone cementation, and bone proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2 cases of CMO in mixed-breed dogs belonging to the same litter sent to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD / FV / UFPel). Cases: Three dogs (mixed-breed, 2 females and 1 male) belonging to the same litter presented at eight months of age with increases in volume and pain in the face, difficulties in moving the jaw, anorexia, and sialorrhea. The 2 bitches were euthanized and sent to LRD / FV / UFPel for necropsy. The animals underwent radiography of the left and right lateral and dorsoventral lateral projections in the imaging sector of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) at UFPel. During the necropsy, fragments of organs from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as the central nervous system and head bones, were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The tissue samples were cleaved, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 3 µm thickness, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The bone fragments were decalcified in a 50/50 solution of 8% hydrochloric acid and 8% formic acid and subsequently cleaved and stained with HE. The head and jaw of one of the canines were dissected and subjected to maceration in water at room temperature. Radiographic examination of the 2 remaining animals showed irregular and exuberant bone proliferation in the mandible and temporomandibular region. In the tympanic bullae, occipital bone, and zygomatic process, thickening of the structures was observed with increased opacity. On necropsy, the canines were cachectic with marked muscle atrophy and increased volume of the mandibular branches and head bones, in addition to marked edema in the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. The regional lymph nodes were enlarged, and in one of the animals, bilateral lesions in the femurs were also observed. In the head subjected to biological maceration, areas of bone proliferation and rarefaction were observed, with increased volume and destruction of the TMJ. On histopathological evaluation of the ventral portion of the mandibular bodies, a network of bony trabeculae was observed, composed of a chondroid matrix with different degrees of mineralization. The cortical portion of the bones exhibited loss of lamellar compactness, with greater spread of the bone trabeculae. The bone trabeculae were perpendicular to the long axis of the cortical of the mandible and were distributed in the medullary spaces, presenting some dense foci of inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Discussion: The breeds most predisposed to developing CMO are West Highland White Terrier and Scottish Terrier; however, the disease has also been described in other non-Terrier breed. Nevertheless, there are no descriptions in the literature of mixed-breed dogs, with this report being the first of CMO in mixed-breed dogs. The bones most frequently affected in CMO are those of the head. In Terrier dogs, the TMJ is also affected. In the cases of this study, severe CMO occurred, affecting both the head bones and TMJ, and in 1 of the canines, it also affected the femurs. Although CMO has not previously been reported in mixed-breed dogs, the condition can seriously affect these animals, and differential diagnosis should always be made.(AU)

Craniomandibular osteopathy in english bulldog case report / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês relato de caso

A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor.

Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling, and intermittent fever as well. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. The treatment is based on pain control.

Craniomandibular osteopathy in english bulldog case report / Osteopatia craniomandibular em bulldog inglês relato de caso

A osteopatia craniomandibular é uma afecção óssea degenerativa, proliferativa, não neoplásica, incomum em cães. Acomete, principalmente, os ossos do crânio. Os animais mais afligidos são cães imaturos, entre três a oito meses de idade, pré-púberes, das raças West Highland e Terrier Escocês. Trata-se de uma moléstia autolimitante e sem predileção sexual. Os principais sinais clínicos baseiam-se em dor na região mandibular, aumento da mandíbula, sialorréia, febre intermitente. O diagnóstico é fundamentado nos sinais clínicos, achados radiográficos e exame histopatológico. O tratamento baseia-se no controle da dor.(AU)

Craniomandibular osteopathy is a proliferative, nonneoplastic, degenerative bone disorder, which is uncommon in dogs. It affects, mainly, the skull bones, and possibly the long bones. This disease affects more immature dogs, from three to eight months old, prepubertal, of the West Highland and Scottish terrier breeds. It is a self-limiting disease with no sex predilection. The main clinical signs are basically enlarged and painful jaw, drooling, and intermittent fever as well. Diagnosis is based on clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination. The treatment is based on pain control.(AU)