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1.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 53(1): 17-25, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38670824

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychiatric diagnoses and treatments of patients admitted to the high-risk obstetric service who underwent a consultation with a liaison psychiatrist. METHODS: A descriptive observational study that included pregnant women from the high-risk obstetric service of a highly specialised clinic in Medellín, who had a liaison psychiatry consultation between 2013 and 2017. The main variables of interest were psychiatric and obstetric diagnoses and treatments, in addition to biopsychosocial risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 361 medical records were screened, with 248 patients meeting the inclusion criteria. The main prevailing psychiatric diagnosis was major depressive disorder (29%), followed by adaptive disorder (21.8%) and anxiety disorders (12.5%). The pharmacologic treatments most used by the psychiatry service were SSRI antidepressants (24.2%), trazodone (6.8%) and benzodiazepines (5.2%). The most common primary obstetric diagnosis was spontaneous delivery (46.4%), and the predominant secondary obstetric diagnoses were hypertensive disorder associated with pregnancy (10.4%), gestational diabetes (9.2%) and recurrent abortions (6.4%). Overall, 71.8% of the patients had a high biopsychosocial risk. CONCLUSIONS: The studied population's primary psychiatric disorders were major depressive disorder, adjustment disorder and anxiety disorders, which implies the importance of timely recognition of the symptoms of these perinatal mental pathologies, together with obstetric and social risks, in the prenatal consultation. Psychiatric intervention should be encouraged considering the negative implications of high biopsychosocial risk in both mothers and children.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Complicações na Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/epidemiologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Transtornos de Adaptação/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Adaptação/diagnóstico , Gravidez de Alto Risco
3.
Med. intensiva (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 46(10): 559-567, oct. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209969

RESUMO

Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de pacientes con trastorno mental (TM) ingresados en la UCI. Comparar las características clínicas según la presencia de antecedentes psiquiátricos. Revisar la pertinencia de las interconsultas realizadas a psiquiatría. Diseño Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Ámbito UCI del Hospital General del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, España. Pacientes Pacientes ingresados entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2018. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables de interés principales Nivel de gravedad (APACHEII), motivo de ingreso, días de ingreso, días de ventilación mecánica, antecedentes psiquiátricos y motivo de interconsulta a psiquiatría. Resultados Se incluyeron 1.247 pacientes; 194 (15,5%) cumplían criterios de TM, siendo su media de edad más joven (59 vs 68, p<0,001) y con menor puntuación media en la escala APACHEII (12 vs 14, p≤0,003). Se realizaron 64 interconsultas a psiquiatría (5,1% de los ingresos), 59 de las cuales fueron en pacientes con TM (92,1%). En cuanto a los motivos de la interconsulta, el 22,6% fueron por intento autolítico, el 61,3% para ajuste farmacológico, el 11,3% para descartar TM y el 4,8% para valoración de competencia. La posibilidad de que se realizara una interconsulta estando indicada fue del 89,1%, mientras que la posibilidad de no realizarla no estando indicada fue del 99,4%. Conclusiones Este estudio respalda la necesidad de ampliar las recomendaciones específicas para realizar interconsulta a psiquiatría, más allá de la valoración tras intento autolítico, puesto que un gran porcentaje (77,5%) de las interconsultas pertinentes fueron por otros motivos (AU)


Objective To describe the prevalence of patients with mental disorders (MD) admitted to the ICU. To compare the clinical characteristics according to the presence of psychiatric history. To review the relevance of the consultations made to Psychiatry. Design Retrospective descriptive study. Setting ICU of the General Hospital of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Patients Patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2018. Interventions None. Main variables of interest Severity level (APACHEII), reason for admission, days of admission, days of mechanical ventilation, psychiatric history and reason for psychiatric consultation. Results A total of 1,247 patients were included; 194 (15.5%) met MD criteria, their mean age being younger (59 vs 68, P<.001) and with a lower mean score on the APACHEII scale (12 vs 14, P≤.003). There were 64 consultations to Psychiatry (5.1% of admissions), 59 of which were in patients with TM (92.1%). Regarding the reasons for the consultation, 22.6% were for attempted suicide, 61.3% for pharmacological adjustment, 11.3% to rule out mental disorder, and 4.8% for competence assessment. The probability of a consultation being carried out while it was indicated was 89.1%, while the probability of not carrying it out when it was not indicated was 99.4%. Conclusions This study supports the need to expand the specific recommendations for consultation to Psychiatry, beyond the assessment after a suicide attempt, since a large percentage (77.5%) of the pertinent consultations were for other reasons (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Encaminhamento e Consulta
4.
Psicosom. psiquiatr ; (22): 30-37, julio 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210516

RESUMO

La definición de Psicosomática recorre un camino triangular en el que la biología, la personalidad y los eventos ambientales cierran los ángulos; está matizado por los recursos de afrontamiento ante diversas situaciones. Una posible nosología transcurre transversalmente todo el abanico de la patología: trastornos somáticos con marcada incidencia psicológica; la deconstruida somatización; la alta morbilidad psicológica en enfermos médico quirúrgicos (30 a 50% de ingresados y 25-30% ambulatorios), con la Psiquiatría de Enlace siempre presente en su abordaje; la Ansiedad por la Enfermedad (primaria o secundaria). Se sintetizan algunos de los modelos más destacados desde el Córticovisceral a la Psiconeuroinmunoendocrinología, pasando por los procesos del estrés. La conclusión es que la psicosomática se integra en el conjunto de la Medicina y potencia los recursos diagnósticos, terapéuticos, de investigación y colaborativos entre los diversos profesionales implicados. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Psicossomática , Modelos Anatômicos , Biologia , Psicologia , Morbidade , Psiquiatria
5.
Med Intensiva (Engl Ed) ; 46(10): 559-567, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35637139

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of patients with mental disorders (MD) admitted to the ICU. To compare the clinical characteristics according to the presence of psychiatric history. To review the relevance of the consultations made to Psychiatry. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: ICU of the General Hospital of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: Patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2018. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Severity level (APACHE II), reason for admission, days of admission, days of mechanical ventilation, psychiatric history and reason for psychiatric consultation. RESULTS: A total of 1,247 patients were included; 194 (15.5%) met MD criteria, their mean age being younger (59 vs 68, P < .001) and with a lower mean score on the APACHE II scale (12 vs 14, P ≤ .003). There were 64 consultations to Psychiatry (5.1% of admissions), 59 of which were in patients with TM (92.1%). Regarding the reasons for the consultation, 22.6% were for attempted suicide, 61.3% for pharmacological adjustment, 11.3% to rule out mental disorder, and 4.8% for competence assessment. The probability of a consultation being carried out while it was indicated was 89.1%, while the probability of not carrying it out when it was not indicated was 99.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the need to expand the specific recommendations for consultation to Psychiatry, beyond the assessment after a suicide attempt, since a large percentage (77.5%) of the pertinent consultations were for other reasons.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Psiquiatria , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33972138

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of patients with mental disorders (MD) admitted to the ICU. To compare the clinical characteristics according to the presence of psychiatric history. To review the relevance of the consultations made to Psychiatry. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: ICU of the General Hospital of the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. PATIENTS: Patients admitted between January 2016 and June 2018. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Severity level (APACHEII), reason for admission, days of admission, days of mechanical ventilation, psychiatric history and reason for psychiatric consultation. RESULTS: A total of 1,247 patients were included; 194 (15.5%) met MD criteria, their mean age being younger (59 vs 68, P<.001) and with a lower mean score on the APACHEII scale (12 vs 14, P≤.003). There were 64 consultations to Psychiatry (5.1% of admissions), 59 of which were in patients with TM (92.1%). Regarding the reasons for the consultation, 22.6% were for attempted suicide, 61.3% for pharmacological adjustment, 11.3% to rule out mental disorder, and 4.8% for competence assessment. The probability of a consultation being carried out while it was indicated was 89.1%, while the probability of not carrying it out when it was not indicated was 99.4%. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the need to expand the specific recommendations for consultation to Psychiatry, beyond the assessment after a suicide attempt, since a large percentage (77.5%) of the pertinent consultations were for other reasons.

7.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 28(1): 34-37, Enero - Abril 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224409

RESUMO

Objetivo: El delirium es la complicación neuropsiquiátrica más frecuente en pacientes con afectación grave por COVID-19. Presentamos un caso atípico, desde el punto de vista clínico y fenomenológico, y reflexionamos sobre los mecanismos etiológicos implicados. Caso clínico Varón de 55 años, médico en activo, ingresado en la unidad de hospitalización convencional, y estable clínicamente tras un ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por neumonía por COVID-19 grave. Presenta un delirium atípico, con alteraciones mnésicas y de lenguaje muy significativas, que se miden psicométricamente, mientras mantiene un buen nivel atencional y de alerta. El resto de las pruebas complementarias realizadas son normales o poco concluyentes. Resultados La evolución durante el ingreso es buena y la recuperación completa al mes del alta hospitalaria. Conclusiones La presentación atípica y la evolución clínica de este cuadro de delirium permiten plantear el papel neuroinvasivo directo de la COVID-19, en este caso. (AU)


Objective: Delirium is the most frequent neuropsychiatric complication in patients with a severe condition caused by COVID-19. We present an atypical case from a clinical and phenomenological point of view, and we reflect on the involved etiological mechanisms. Clinical case 55-year-old male, active physician, first admitted into the conventional hospitalization unit and is clinically stable after being admitted into the Intensive Care Unit for pneumonia caused by severe COVID-19. He presents an atypical delirium with very significant memory and language disorders, which are measured psychometrically, while maintaining a good attention and alertness level. The rest of the complementary tests carried out are normal or not very conclusive. Results The evolution during his admission is good and the recovery complete after one month of being discharged from the hospital.ConclusionsThe atypical presentation and clinical evolution of this framework of delirium allow us to raise the question of the direct neuroinvasive role of COVID-19 in this case. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Delírio/diagnóstico , Delírio/terapia , Pneumonia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Neuropsiquiatria
8.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 18(5): 717-729, sept.-oct. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1093899

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: La relación entre las diferentes especialidades es necesaria para elevar la calidad de la atención a los pacientes. Objetivo: Describir las características de las interconsultas de psiquiatría realizadas en el Hospital Pediátrico Juan Manuel Márquez entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2018. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal prospectivo, entre enero 2017 y junio 2018, a partir de 154 solicitudes de interconsultas de psiquiatría (escritas). Se constituyeron además en unidades de análisis los pacientes interconsultados. Los datos fueron recogidos en una planilla, y se analizaron descriptivamente con el software SPSS 21.0. Las correlaciones consideraron p< 0,05 como valor de significación. Resultados: Se verificó aumento semestral sostenido en la solicitud de interconsultas. Miscelánea fue el servicio que más solicitudes hizo (51,9%). El 81.9% de las solicitudes expresaba los motivos de interconsulta, la valoración por intento suicida fue el más frecuente (40,8%). El diagnóstico más frecuente fue Trastorno de Adaptación (35.7%). El 94.8% de los casos fueron vistos el mismo día de la solicitud. Las interconsultas paralelas (66.9%) fueron las más realizadas. Conclusiones: La imagen de la psiquiatría de interconsulta y enlace está cambiando al interior de la cultura hospitalaria, pero aún persisten claras evidencias de las carencias que tienen los médicos de otras especialidades en relación con la interpretación de las manifestaciones psicopatológicas de sus pacientes y la asociación con las patologías de base.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The relationship between different specialties is necessary to give better care to patients. Objective: To describe the characteristics of psychiatric interconsultations carried out at "Juan Manuel Marquez" Pediatric Teaching Hospital from January, 2017 to June, 2018. Materials and Methods: A descriptive prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2017 and June 2018 on the basis of 154 written requests for psychiatric interconsultations. The patients consulted were also considered as units of analysis. The data were collected on a list and analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 21.0 software. The correlations considered p< 0.005 as significance value. Results: A sustained increase in the semester was determined in the request for interconsultations. The miscellaneous service made more requests (51.9%). The reasons for consultation were expressed in 81.9% of the requests, and the assessment for suicide attempt was the most frequent (40.8%). The most frequent diagnosis was Adjustment Disorder (35.7%). Also, 94.8% of the cases were seen the same day. Parallel consultations (66.9%) were the most performed. Conclusions: The image of consultation-liaison psychiatry is changing in the interior environment of hospital culture, but there is still clear evidence of the deficiencies that doctors from other specialties have in relation to the interpretation of psychopathological manifestations of their patients and their association with the underlying pathologies.

9.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 46(2)Mayo-Agosto 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506991

RESUMO

Introducción: Se implementan actualmente nuevos modelos de hospitalización psiquiátrica infantojuvenil, para hacer frente a la creciente demanda de recursos de atención psiquiátrica intensiva requeridos por esta población. Objetivo: Identificar las características clínicas y demográficas de los niños y adolescentes con diagnóstico psiquiátrico hospitalizados en Salas de Pediatría de un Hospital General Pediátrico. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal, en base a historias clínicas de 180 casos hospitalizados en el periodo enero-agosto del año 2015.Variables: Edad, sexo, procedencia, motivo de ingreso, diagnóstico psiquiátrico, tipo de patología psiquiátrica, medicación, servicio desde el cual se indicó la evaluación psiquiátrica, días de hospitalización, seguimiento y derivación. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio se identificaron 180 pacientes hospitalizados con uno o más diagnósticos psiquiátricos, de los cuales 67.2% eran del sexo femenino. La mediana de la edad fue de 13 años. De un total de 387 diagnósticos constatados, los seis diagnósticos psiquiátricos más frecuentes fueron: los diferentes tipos de maltrato infantil (42,89%), los trastornos depresivos (21,71%), los intentos suicidas (8,27%), el trastorno adaptativo (4,39%) y el trastorno por estrés post traumático (4,13%). El 56% presentó comorbilidad de dos o más diagnósticos psiquiátricos. La internación fue indicada principalmente desde las Salas de Urgencias (67,3%). El 54,4% (98/180) estuvo hospitalizado de 1 a 3 días. En el 47,2% de los casos se indicó psicofarmacoterapia. Conclusión: Se registró mayor frecuencia de diagnóstico psiquiátrico en adolescentes y en el sexo femenino. La sospecha de abuso sexual infantil representó un frecuente motivo de ingreso. Las distintas formas de maltrato Infantil, los trastornos depresivos y los intentos suicidas, al constituir los diagnósticos psiquiátricos más frecuentes, requieren parámetros de evaluación y tratamiento específicos y efectivos para su adecuado manejo multidisciplinario. Las Salas de Urgencias Pediátricas cumplen un importante rol como puerta de entrada de estos pacientes al sistema de salud y al continuum de servicios de atención a la salud mental.


Introduction: New models of child and adolescent psychiatric hospitalizations are currently being implemented to meet the growing demand for intensive psychiatric care resources required by this population. Objective: To identify the clinical and demographic characteristics of children and adolescents with psychiatric diagnosis hospitalized on the Pediatric Service of a General Pediatric Hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study, based on the clinical histories of 180 hospitalized cases during January-August of 2015. Variables: Age, sex, place of origin, reason for admission, psychiatric diagnosis, type of psychiatric pathology, medication, clinical service from which the psychiatric evaluation was initiated, hospitalization days, follow-up and referral. Results: During the study period, 180 hospitalized patients were identified with one or more psychiatric diagnoses, of which 67.2% were female. The median age was 13 years. Of a total of 387 diagnoses found, the six most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were: different types of child abuse (42.89%), depressive disorders (21.71%), suicide attempts (8.27%), adaptive disorders (4.39%) and post traumatic stress disorder (4.13%). 56% had two or more comorbid psychiatric diagnoses. The hospitalization was initiated mainly from the Emergency Department (67.3%). 54.4% (98/180) were hospitalized for 1 to 3 days. In 47.2% of cases, psychopharmacotherapy was indicated. Conclusion: There was a higher frequency of psychiatric diagnoses in adolescents and in the female sex. Suspicion of child sexual abuse represented a frequent reason for admission. The different forms of child abuse, depressive disorders and suicide attempts, as they constitute the most frequent psychiatric diagnoses, require specific and effective evaluation and treatment parameters for their adequate multidisciplinary management. The Pediatric Emergency Department plays an important role as a gateway for these patients into the health system and the mental health care services continuum.

10.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 47(2): 129-136, abr.-jun. 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-960179

RESUMO

RESUMEN Los procesos de investigación, aunque están comprendidos en la objetividad de la ciencia, no dejan de estar permeados por los intereses propios de quienes los ejecutan. Por eso se han destinado comisiones de alto nivel para delimitar el alcance de los estudios y hacer un examen riguroso por los grandes dilemas que acarrean. A partir de esta premisa surgen los comités de ética, en los cuales la psiquiatría de enlace ha ocupado importantes puestos, por sus habilidades en comunicación y conocimiento del comportamiento humano. El presente artículo pretende aportar algunas observaciones que tener en cuenta en la relación existente entre la ética y la salud mental, al abordar el escenario de los comités de ética y la importancia del desempeño de los psiquiatras en ellos, mediante la revisión de artículos clave sobre el tema. Se da una descripción detallada de la ética de la investigación, en cuanto a justificación, propósitos y deberes, haciendo énfasis en cada una de las áreas en que el psiquiatra se ve envuelto con grandes responsabilidades en el ejercicio de la toma de decisiones médicas hasta el aval en el consentimiento informado de aquellos que participan en las investigaciones médicas. Finalmente, se concluye que existen varios interrogantes respecto a la relevancia que se ha dado a estos comités en la evaluación metodológica y ética de proyectos de investigación, lo que supone mayores esfuerzos en busca de una cultura de la calidad que realce el énfasis en el sujeto de investigación.


ABSTRACT Although research processes are covered by the objectivity of science, they are still influenced by the interests of those who conduct them. This is why high level committees have been tasked with defining the scope of the studies and performing a thorough assessment of them, since these imply great dilemmas. This premise leads to the emergence of Ethics Committees, where liaison psychiatry has an important place due to its communication abilities and knowledge of the human behavior. This paper attempts to provide some observations to take into account when discussing the link between ethics and mental health. In this work, the authors approach the question of ethics committees and the importance that psychiatrist performance has within them. This is done through a review of relevant papers on the subject. A detailed description on research ethics is provided in terms of justification, purpose and duties. Likewise, emphasis is placed on each of the areas in which psychiatrists are involved and bear great responsibilities in the medical decision-making process. Similarly, this description also includes the moment in which participants give their informed consent when taking part in medical research. Finally, we conclude that there are several questions regarding the relevance given to these committees in the methodological and ethical assessment of research projects. This in turn implies greater effort in the search for a culture of quality which highlights the emphasis on research subjects.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Comissão de Ética , Ética em Pesquisa , Aptidão , Psiquiatria , Projetos de Pesquisa , Sistema Único de Saúde , Saúde Mental , Comunicação , Gestão da Qualidade Total , Cultura , Tomada de Decisões , Pesquisa Biomédica , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido
11.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr (Engl Ed) ; 47(2): 129-136, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29754706

RESUMO

Although research processes are covered by the objectivity of science, they are still influenced by the interests of those who conduct them. This is why high level committees have been tasked with defining the scope of the studies and performing a thorough assessment of them, since these imply great dilemmas. This premise leads to the emergence of Ethics Committees, where liaison psychiatry has an important place due to its communication abilities and knowledge of the human behavior. This paper attempts to provide some observations to take into account when discussing the link between ethics and mental health. In this work, the authors approach the question of ethics committees and the importance that psychiatrist performance has within them. This is done through a review of relevant papers on the subject. A detailed description on research ethics is provided in terms of justification, purpose and duties. Likewise, emphasis is placed on each of the areas in which psychiatrists are involved and bear great responsibilities in the medical decision-making process. Similarly, this description also includes the moment in which participants give their informed consent when taking part in medical research. Finally, we conclude that there are several questions regarding the relevance given to these committees in the methodological and ethical assessment of research projects. This in turn implies greater effort in the search for a culture of quality which highlights the emphasis on research subjects.


Assuntos
Comissão de Ética/organização & administração , Ética em Pesquisa , Psiquiatria/organização & administração , Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Ética Médica , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Saúde Mental/ética
12.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 87(1): 92-101, ene.-mar. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-740962

RESUMO

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es la endocrinopatía más frecuente en niños y adolescentes, con una tendencia al aumento de la incidencia mundial. De evolución crónica, lleva tratamientos de por vida, con limitaciones y aparición de complicaciones, que se hacen más difíciles de manejar en la etapa de la adolescencia, etapa en la que deben cumplir un grupo de tareas propias del desarrollo para garantizar su normal crecimiento hacia la adultez, además de sortear las dificultades de la enfermedad. Durante el proceso de duelo los mecanismos de afrontamiento en pacientes y familiares pueden ser desadaptativos. Son frecuentes la disfunción familiar y los trastornos emocionales, como la depresión, ambos factores causas, a menudo, de mal control metabólico. La psiquiatría de enlace constituye una herramienta fundamental en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas alteraciones. A pesar de la importancia, no se encuentran suficientes publicaciones sobre el tema en nuestro medio, por lo cual el objetivo del trabajo es dar a conocer elementos teóricos sobre los aspectos psicosociales en adolescentes diabéticos.


Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the commonest endocrinopathy in children and adolescents, with a rising tendency of world incidence. It is a chronic disease with lifetime treatment, limitations and complications that are more difficult to manage at adolescence, a phase in which a number of tasks inherent to individual development must be complied in order to assure his/her normal growth into adulthood, in addition to overcoming the difficulties of the disease as such. During the process, the coping mechanisms of patients and relatives may be non adaptive. Family dysfunction and emotional disorders like depression are frequent causes of bad metabolic control. Liaison psychiatry is a fundamental tool for diagnosis and treatment of these alterations. Despite their importance, there are not enough publications on this topic in our setting, so the objective of this paper was to provide theoretical elements on the psychosocial aspects of diabetic adolescents.


Assuntos
Humanos , Adaptação Psicológica , Diabetes Mellitus/psicologia , Saúde do Adolescente
13.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 42(2): 191-197, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-698805

RESUMO

Introducción: El delírium es un trastorno común entre la población geriátrica hospitalizada y es de gran importancia por sus repercusiones en la evolución clínica de los pacientes, pero a menudo su diagnóstico no se realiza. Objetivo: Clarificar el estado del registro y el diagnóstico del delírium en un hospital público de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Pereira. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se consultaron las bases de datos de pacientes hospitalizados entre 2010 y 2011 mayores de 60 años, utilizando como filtro la clasificación CIE-10 y verificando los criterios diagnósticos del DSM-IV en las historias clínicas. Resultados: En los años 2010 y 2011, estuvieron hospitalizados 5.325 pacientes mayores de 60 años (19,3 %); según registros de estadística oficiales, el 0,08 % de ellos con diagnóstico de delírium no especificado (F059 ). En la consulta por historias clínicas, se encontró que 455 pacientes tenían esos mismos criterios (40,2 %); el 90,1 % de ellos sufrían delírium y se clasificó con el código F059 sólo al 29,5 %. Conclusiones: Se produce subregistro y subdiagnóstico de delírium de los pacientes mayores de 60 años, lo que se evidencia por la incongruencia en la información oficialmente reportada y la información real obtenida de las historias clínicas respectivas; este hecho incrementa el riesgo y la vulnerabilidad de los pacientes con delírium no diagnosticado o diagnosticado y no reportado en las fuentes estadísticas hospitalarias. La psiquiatría de enlace es una necesidad en las instituciones de tercer nivel, al igual que la formación continua del personal de salud sobre los criterios de prevención, diagnóstico y manejo del delírium.


Introduction: Delirium is a common disorder in the hospitalized geriatric population and it has a great importance on the clinical outcome of inpatients; however, delirium is not diagnosed properly. Objective: To clarify the state of delirium diagnosis and records in a tertiary level public hospital in the city of Pereira. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed by searching the clinical records of hospitalized patients older than 60 years 2010 and 2011, using the ICD-10 classification as a filter, and verifying the diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV in the clinical records. Results: In the years 2010 and 2011, 5325 patients older than 60 years were hospitalized (19.3 %). According to the official statistical records; 0.08 % of them were reported with an unspecified diagnosis of delirium (F059 ). In the clinical records search 455 additional delirium patients were found using the same criteria (40.2 %), of which 90.1 % had delirium, and only 29.5 % were classified with the code F059. Conclusions: The diagnoses and recording of delirium patients over 60 years old patients are underestimated, which is demonstrated by the incongruence of the data obtained from the official records and those obtained from the clinical records. This fact increases the risk and vulnerability of patients with undetected delirium or diagnosed but not reported delirium in hospital statistical sources. Liaison psychiatry is a necessity in third level health institutions, as well as a program of continued education for the health staff about prevention, diagnosis criteria and treatment of delirium.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Delírio , Diagnóstico , Sub-Registro , Colômbia , Assistência Hospitalar , Psiquiatria Geriátrica
14.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 41(2): 395-407, abr.-jun. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-659484

RESUMO

Introducción: Rechazar un acto médico es un ejercicio válido dentro del derecho a la autonomía que tiene todo paciente. Desde el punto de vista legal, la autonomía se fundamenta en el derecho a la intimidad. En los últimos decenios, el derecho legal a la autodeterminación se ha ampliado progresivamente y hoy los pacientes en pleno uso de sus facultades mentales tienen el derecho moral y legal de tomar sus propias decisiones y estas tienen prioridad sobre las decisiones del médico y la familia. Objetivo: Analizar el papel de los psiquiatras de enlace para evaluar la competencia mental de estos pacientes. Discusión y Conclusiones: La evaluación de la capacidad de un paciente para decidir y autodeterminarse es un problema clínico frecuente en los hospitales generales. La evaluación de estos pacientes exige un conocimiento apropiado de los fundamentos filosóficos, éticos y legales que guían el tratamiento apropiado de estos complejos problemas clínicos…


Introduction: Refusing a medical procedure is a valid way of exercising every patient’s right to autonomy. From the legal point of view, autonomy is based on the right to privacy. In recent decades the legal right to self-determination has gradually expanded and today patients in full possession of their mental faculties, have the moral and legal right to make their own decisions and these decisions take precedence over physician and family. Often liaison psychiatrists are called in to assess the mental competence of patients in the general hospital. Objective: To determine the psychiatrist’s role in evaluating these patients. Discussion and Conclusions: The assessment of a patient’s ability to decide and self-determine is a common clinical problem in general hospitals. Evaluation of these patients requires a proper understanding of the philosophical, ethical, and legal issues that guide the appropriate treatment of these complex clinical problems…


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões , Autonomia Pessoal , Psiquiatria
15.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr ; 41(2): 395-407, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26573502

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Refusing a medical procedure is a valid way of exercising every patient's right to autonomy. From the legal point of view, autonomy is based on the right to privacy. In recent decades the legal right to self-determination has gradually expanded and today patients in full possession of their mental faculties, have the moral and legal right to make their own decisions and these decisions take precedence over physician and family. Often liaison psychiatrists are called in to assess the mental competence of patients in the general hospital. OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychiatrist's role in evaluating these patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of a patient's ability to decide and self-determine is a common clinical problem in general hospitals. Evaluation of these patients requires a proper understanding of the philosophical, ethical, and legal issues that guide the appropriate treatment of these complex clinical problems.

16.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 21(2): 286-292, mar. 2010. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-869466

RESUMO

En los últimos años la Psiquiatría de Enlace e Interconsulta ha experimentado un salto cualitativo, acercándose al espacio común del resto de las especialidades médicas: el hospital general. La participación de psiquiatras en programas clínicos específicos como las unidades de trasplantes de órganos sólidos tiene fundamentaciones técnicas precisas dada la correlación entre síntomas psíquicos y las características clínicas específicas de las enfermedades médicas que requieren de este procedimiento. Cada vez hay una mayor preocupación en los clínicos y cirujanos en relación a los factores psíquicos que obstaculizan la adherencia a los tratamientos e indicaciones médicas tanto antes como después de efectuado el trasplante. La población de pacientes pre y post-trasplantados exhiben elevadas tasas de cuadros psiquiátricos específicos que ameritan un tratamiento coordinado multidisciplinario. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la experiencia inicial que estamos desarrollando en la Unidad de Trasplantes de Clínica Las Condes.


In recent years consultation-liaison psychiatry has experienced a quantum leap closer to the common space of the other medical specialties: the general hospital. The participation in clinical programs such as the units of solid organ transplants have required technical arguments given the correlation between psychiatric symptoms and the clinical features of specific medical illness that require this procedure. During the last time, there have been and increasingly concern among clinicians and surgeons in regard to the psychological factors that affect the adherence to treatment and medical advice before and after transplant. The population concerning pre and post transplantation issues, exhibits significant rates of specifics psychiatric disorders which require evaluation and drug treatment specialist coordination. The aim of this paper is to show the initial experience we have developed in the transplant unit of Clínica Las Condes, concerning psychiatric and psychosocial issues.


Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Mental , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Transplante de Órgãos/psicologia , Transtornos de Adaptação/terapia , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Antipsicóticos/administração & dosagem , Terapia Familiar , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Psicofarmacologia
17.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 37(supl.1): 100-112, dic. 2008. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-636438

RESUMO

Introducción: Los pacientes y las condiciones que trata el psiquiatra de enlace requieren técnicas terapéuticas breves que aporten soluciones a los problemas y que disminuyan la carga que existe sobre las familias y los profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Hacer una revisión narrativa de algunas técnicas terapéuticas de uso en enlace. Método: Revisión de la literatura. Desarrollo: Se provee una revisión de algunas técnicas de terapia breve, modalidades grupales, técnicas de relajación, hipnosis, terapia de ordalía y otras usadas en los profesionales de la salud, como los grupos Balint, y en los pacientes y sus familias, como la psicoeducación.


Introduction: Liaison psychiatrist treat patients and conditions that require short psychotherapeutic techniques, which will contribute to solve the patient’s problems, and reduce the burden on both family and health professionals. Objective: To do a narrative review of some therapeutic techniques used in liaison psychiatry. Method: Literature review. Development: Some short therapy techniques are reviewed, i.e. group therapy, relaxation techniques, hypnosis, ordalia therapy and others used by health professionals, such as Balint Groups, as well as psychoeducation for the patients and their families.

18.
Investig. psicol ; 6(2): 89-103, 20010000.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-733614

RESUMO

Un examen de las concepciones teóricas que subtienden actividades similares en el aspecto fenoménico, procurando subrayar las diferencias para poner en evidencia la disyunción discursiva. Se toma como punto de partida una re-lectura crítica de un texto de un reconocido representante de la Psiquiatría de Consulta y Enlace, comentando los impasses en que a veces le es preciso detenerse al desechar la referencia analítica (sin pretender - ¡todo lo contrario! - que ésta carezca de sus propios tropiezos, ni que una resuelva los de la otra...) Se presentan a continuación escenas de la práctica en la institución hospitalaria (confrontación de metodología y epistemología con médicos y psiquiatras, y casos de la clínica de Interconsulta) en las que la divergencia vuelve a plantearse.


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Psiquiatria , Psicanálise
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