The Psychosocial Impact of Indwelling Pleural Catheters: A Scoping Review.

We aimed to identify research on the psychosocial impact of Indwelling Pleural Catheters (IPC); report on the extent, range, and nature of studies; and summarize the findings. A secondary aim was to capture reports on patient support needs and/or self-management of IPC. A systematic literature search was undertaken, with evidence synthesis planned if sufficient literature was identified. We searched ten databases available through the United Kingdom National Health Service Knowledge and Library Hub: the British Nursing Index (BNI), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane, Excerpta Medica Database (Embase), Exerpta Medica Care (Emcare), E-thesis Online Service (EThOS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), National Grey Literature Collection, Psychological Information Database (PsycInfo), and PubMed. We included studies reporting on the psychosocial impact of indwelling pleural catheters or their effect on quality of life (QoL). The latter was limited to those studies using qualitative research methods from which we could identify psychosocial impacts. The evaluation of psychosocial factors was not the primary objective of any identified study, and we found no studies in which quality of life was assessed using qualitative methods. Two studies met the inclusion criteria but only tangentially. While indwelling pleural catheters may improve the quality of life in patients with pulmonary effusion when assessed quantitatively, there is a dearth of research examining their psychosocial impact.

The psycho-social impact of obstetric fistula and available support for women residing in Nigeria: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric fistula continues to affect the social and mental wellbeing of women living in Nigeria giving rise to poor maternal health outcome. While the World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended the introduction of psycho-social interventions in the management of obstetric fistula women, psycho-social support for women living with obstetric fistula in Nigeria, are limited. This systematic review aimed to synthesise the psycho-social impact of obstetric fistula on women living in Nigeria as well as the available psycho-social support for these affected women. METHODS: Following a keyword strategy, Medline, CINAHL, Google scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library, PsychINFO, AMED, British Nursing database, Pubmed central, TRIP database, UK Pubmed central, socINDEX, Annual reviews, ISI Web of Science, Academic search complete, Credo reference, Sage premier and Scopus databases were searched alongside hand searching of articles. The inclusion criteria were set as articles published between 2000 and 2020, on the psychosocial consequences of obstetric fistula in Nigeria. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool was used to appraise the quality of the included studies. The data was extracted and then analysed using narrative synthesis. RESULTS: 620 relevant citations were identified, and 8 studies were included. Women with obstetric fistula, living in Nigeria were found to be ostracised, abandoned by families and friends, stigmatised and discriminated against, which led to depression, loneliness, loss of self-esteem, self-worth and identity. Psycho-social interventions for women who experienced obstetric fistula are not widely available. CONCLUSION: There is a need for the introduction of more rehabilitation and reintegration programs across the country. The psychosocial effect of obstetric fistula is significant and should be considered when developing interventions. Further, more research is needed to evaluate the sustainability of psychosocial interventions in Nigeria.

Mekeres' Psychosocial Internalization Scale: A Scale for the Evaluation of Aesthetic Prejudice in Victims of Accidents and Violence.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One important forensic activity is the assessment of aesthetic injuries where expert criteria and analysis are insufficiently outlined due to the subjective elements related to the traumatized victim. Unaesthetic morphological changes may occur due to various circumstances committed under the Penal Code, resulting in permanent unaesthetic morphological scarring. Considering that most of the existing scales for the assessment of aesthetic prejudices refer only to morphometric changes, our aim was to create a modern method for the evaluation of aesthetic damage that also considers its social and psychological consequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we developed the Mekereș Psychosocial Internalization Scale (MPIS), which proposes a clear boundary between the presence or absence of aesthetic damage. The traumatized person is evaluated after a minimum of six months (in the case of an average scar, necessary for defining the character of the scar) to assess changes in the physiognomy or even alterations in the victim's aesthetic perception of their own body. Our study was conducted on 103 patients with scars, and the results were compared to 101 controls (subjects without scars). RESULTS: Individuals with scars have a distorted perception (compared to controls) of the support provided by significant people [t (202) = 2.473; p = 0.01]. Hypothetically, they will most likely exhibit a nuanced socio-cognitive and psycho-emotional vulnerability that may be the source of future dysfunctions. The fidelity of the MPIS scale was estimated by employing Cronbach's alpha coefficient, resulting in a value of 0.934 (15 items). The exploratory factorial analysis with Varimax rotation mode sustains a single dominant factor, indicating a good internal consistency. The results of this study provide evidence regarding the psychosocial or psychometric worthiness of MPIS. CONCLUSIONS: MPIS can be used for research and as an instrument to assess aesthetic damage or disfigurement by forensic physicians and lawyers.

Gynaecological morbidities among married women and husband's behaviour: Evidence from a community-based study.

AIM: To determine the association between gynaecological morbidities and IPV among married women specifically, with attention to the attitudes of the husband and the degree of satisfaction in a marital relationship. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study design. METHODS: Data were collected using face-to-face interviews with married women aged 15-49 years, living in selected communities. Information was collected on demographic characteristics, gynaecological morbidities and IPV using a self-developed tool. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Logistic Regression showed a significant association between physical violence and burning micturition, increased urinary frequency, constant dribbling of urine, genital ulcers, lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and painful coitus (OR: 1.41-1.84). A significant association between sexual and psychological abuse was also found with burning micturition (OR: 1.41) and dribbling of urine (OR: 0.12). Since gynaecological morbidities can have a serious effect on the psychological, physical well-being, and the social status of women in Pakistan; effective interventions are imperative in dealing with their symptoms and decreasing their emergence.

Psycho-social factors associated with the nationwide lockdown in India during COVID- 19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psycho-social factors associated with COVID-19 and the nationwide lockdown in India. STUDY DESIGN: An online survey was conducted from April 11 through April 16, 2020 in 28 states and 8 union territories (UT) of India. The potential participants were recruited using snowball sampling procedure. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the people of all states in India. A spatial analysis was performed and Moran's I statistic was applied to investigate the overall clustering of locations. Fisher's exact test was used to investigate associations. GeoDa and R console were used to analyze the data. A total of 1316 responses were received. RESULTS: Those worried for their family's health were likely to follow the lockdown measures ( p < 0.001 ) . Significant association was observed ( p < 0.001 ) between following the lockdown measures and being satisfied with the government strategy to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant relation was observed between the gender (p = 0.001), job profile ( p < 0.001 ) and physical activity ( p < 0.001 ) were observed to be associated with the psycho-social impact. CONCLUSION: Government and public health officials should consider the sentiments of the community while planning strategies relating to the pandemic. The findings of this study will assist the policymakers in emphasizing the psychological well-being of individuals, along with physical health.

Psycho-social impact of positive human papillomavirus testing in Jujuy, Argentina results from the Psycho-Estampa study.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing can have a negative impact on women's lives which might also result in abandoning the follow-up and treatment process. This study measured the psycho-social impact of HPV-positivity among HPV-tested women from Jujuy, Argentina, a middle-low income setting. In this cross-sectional study (2015-2016), the psycho-social impact of HPV-positivity was measured using the Psycho-Estampa Scale, specifically designed and validated to be used in screening contexts. We measured mean scores for each of the five scale domains, and the Overall Impact score (Values from 1: No impact to 4: Heavy impact). We compared scores according to cytology triage diagnosis using ordinal logistic regression. A total of 163 HPV-positive women were recruited at the Centro Carlos Alvarado hospital and included in the study sample; of these, 124 (76.1%) had normal triage cytologies. The overall Impact score was between low and moderate (mean:2.56, SD:0.65). The highest psycho-social impact was measured in the Worries about cancer and treatment domain (mean score:3.60, SD:0.60), followed by Sexuality domain (mean:2.50; SD:1.00). The Uncertainty about information provided by health providers domain had the lowest mean score (mean:2.14, SD:0.73). Compared to women with normal cytologies (n = 124), women with abnormal cytologies (n = 39) had a higher likelihood of greater overall Psycho-social Impact (OR: 2.91; p = 0.0036). No statistically significant differences were found in scores of specific domains according to cytology results. It is important to devise specific counseling interventions to reduce the psycho-social impact of HPV-Testing as primary screening and its potential effect on completion of the diagnosis/ treatment process.

Psycho-social impact of orthodontic treatment in Romanian teenagers and young adults.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This survey evaluated the psycho-social impact of oral health on the quality of life in Romanian teenage and young adult orthodontic patients. METHODS: Of the 300 standard questionnaires distributed in four dental offices, 125 questionnaires were returned. Each questionnaire contained 110 items, focusing on aspects like patients' satisfaction, self-confidence, school/work performances and aesthetic concern, in relation to oral health. The patients were 16-25 years of age and all were undergoing or had undergone orthodontic treatment in the previous two years. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science software (SPSS), version 19.0. RESULTS: 57.90% of the orthodontic patients participating in this study were happy about their dental status, 56.52% declared themselves not shy because of their oral health issues, 52.33% considered themselves as attractive to other people, and 57.29% replied (awarding a score between 8 and 10) that they were confident when smiling. Regarding self-confidence and school/work performances, 58% of the participants declared they avoided speaking in public because of the aspect of their teeth and 47.42% considered that their school/work performances during the fix appliance therapy stayed the same as before appliance. Nevertheless, the self-perceived facial aspect improved during orthodontic treatment (64.74% of replies had scores between 8 and 10 during the treatment versus 24.67% before the treatment). Several correlations were found between aspects such as psycho-social and functional variables, physical self-evaluation, and oral health issues. CONCLUSION: Patients' satisfaction was improved during and after appliance therapy, for more than half of the participants. Self-confidence was low in relation to school/work performances; almost half of the patients reported stagnation in their school/work performances during the fix appliance therapy. However, more than 64% of the patients participating in this study were quite satisfied about their facial aspect during and after the orthodontic treatment. Thus, the common concerns of the patients anxious about their aspect during appliance therapy are not supported by the findings of this study.

Psycho-social impact of stillbirths on women and their families in Tamil Nadu, India - a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Stillbirth has serious psycho-social consequences on the parents and on the family. The psychological impact of stillbirth is strongly influenced by the social and cultural context. There is very scarce information on this from the Indian context. This qualitative study was conducted to understand the psycho-social impact, aggravating factors, coping styles and health system response to stillbirths. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews with mothers who experienced stillbirth in the past 1 year and their families. A total of 8 women and two health care providers were interviewed by trained interviewers. The interviews were transcribed into the local language and thematic analysis was performed by the researchers retaining the transcripts in the local language. Themes were identified, and a conceptual framework was developed. RESULTS: Women who experienced stillbirths suffered from serious forms of grief and guilt. These emotions were aggravated by the insensitive health system, health care providers, friends, and neighbours, as well as strained marital relationship and financial burdens. The women and their families were disturbed by the 'suddenness' of the stillbirth and frantically searched for the cause. They were frustrated when they couldn't find the cause and blamed various people in their lives. The women and their families perceived poor quality of services provided in the health system and reported that the health care providers were inconsiderate and insensitive. On the other hand, the health care providers reported that they were over-worked, and the health facilities were under-staffed. The community health workers reported that they felt caught in the crossfire between the health facility staff and the family who suffered the stillbirth. The women reported several coping mechanisms including isolation, immersion in work, placing maternal love on other children, the anticipation of next pregnancy and religiosity. CONCLUSION: Stillbirth is a major cause of psycho-social morbidity. Health systems should be responsive to the psycho-social needs of women who suffer stillbirths and their families.

Raising the Awareness of Undergraduate Nurses to the Psychosocial Impact of Living with Cancer: A Consumer Engagement in Teaching Initiative.

This article reflects on the development and implementation of a consumer engagement in teaching initiative by the authors. The authors highlight the challenges of engaging undergraduate nursing students on the psychosocial aspects of living with cancer and other chronic illnesses when students have very limited personal and professional experiences to draw on. The authors discuss how they have responded to these challenges by integrating the voices of consumers into their classrooms. Speakers from consumer advocacy organization, Cancer Voices SA, participated in a series of tutorials in a 1st year topic in the Undergraduate Nursing Program at the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Flinders University. Student feedback from the implementation of the initiative indicated that students found consumers' stories and experiences of living with cancer, "moving and powerful" and that they encouraged students to question their assumptions about the psychosocial impacts of cancer on individuals and families. The importance of good communication in reducing patient distress was identified by students as an important element of consumers' experiences of the health care system as was the need for transparency and information sharing between health care providers across the health care system. For many students, consumers' stories and experiences had reinforced students' commitment to studying nursing and pursuing a career in nursing. The article concludes that involving consumers in the education of health care professionals encourages a much deeper understanding of and empathy for how patients experience disease, which is integral to the provision of patient-centered and holistic care.

A feasibility study to determine the benefits of upper extremity virtual rehabilitation therapy for coping with chronic pain post-cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Persistent pain in shoulder and arm following post-surgical breast cancer treatment can lead to cognitive and physical deficits. Depression is also common in breast cancer survivors. Virtual reality therapy with integrative cognitive and physical rehabilitation has not been clinically trialed for this population. The novel BrightArm Duo technology improved cognition and upper extremity (UE) function for other diagnoses and has great potential to benefit individuals coping with post-surgical breast cancer pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of BrightArm Duo therapy for coping with post-surgical chronic pain and associated disability in breast cancer survivors with depression. METHODS: BrightArm Duo is a robotic rehabilitation table modulating gravity loading on supported forearms. It tracks arm position and grasping strength while patients play three-dimensional (3D) custom integrative rehabilitation games. Community-dwelling women (N = 6) with post-surgical breast cancer pain in the upper arm trained on the system twice a week for 8 weeks. Training difficulty increased progressively in game complexity, table tilt and session length (20-50 minutes). Standardized assessments were performed before and after therapy for pain, cognition, emotion, UE function and activities of daily living. RESULTS: Subjects averaged upwards of 1300 arm repetitions and 850 hand grasps per session. Pain intensity showed a 20% downward trend (p = 0.1) that was corroborated by therapist observations and participant feedback. A total of 10 out of 11 cognitive metrics improved post-training (p = 0.01) with a significant 8.3-point reduction in depression severity (p = 0.04). A total of 17 of 18 range of motion metrics increased (p < 0.01), with five affected-side shoulder improvements above the Minimal Clinically Important Difference (8°). In all, 13 out of 15 strength and function metrics improved (p = 0.02) with lateral deltoid strength increasing 7.4 N on the affected side (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION: This pilot study demonstrated feasibility of using the BrightArm Duo Rehabilitation System to treat cancer survivors coping with upper body chronic pain. Outcomes indicate improvement in cognition, shoulder range, strength, function and depression.

Psychosocial and quality of life impact on patients with failed back surgery syndrome / Impacto psicossocial e na qualidade de vida de pacientes com síndrome dolorosa após laminectomia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Triggering and chronicity of failed back surgery syndrome should consider psychosocial and emotional factors which impair quality of life. This study aimed at identifying such factors and at evaluating quality of life of failed back surgery syndrome patients. METHODS: This is a descriptive, exploratory, comparative, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. Sample was made up of a test group (I) diagnosed with failed back surgery syndrome (n=16) and a control group (II) undergoing inter-consultation in the Pain Clinic (n=15). Tools were the visual analog scale and Fischer dolorimeter. WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life and Beck Anxiety Inventory and Depression Inventory were used to evaluate emotional factors anxiety and depression. RESULTS: There has been predominance of females on both groups, mean age was 42.3±5.8 (group I), most were married and mean education was 8.4±3.0 years. Mean pain duration was 0.7±0.3 months after surgery in group I with lower pain threshold. Physical dimensions and social relations were the most affected on quality of life, as well as anxiety and depression levels. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown worse pain, quality of life, anxiety and depression in group I, suggesting a better knowledge of potential postoperative complications aiming at preventing the establishment of an abnormal functionality pattern. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O desencadeamento e a cronificação da síndrome dolorosa pós-laminectomia deve considerar fatores psicossociais e emocionais, que comprometem a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar esses fatores e avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes com síndrome dolorosa pós-laminectomia. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, comparativo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, com amostra de um grupo teste (I), com diagnóstico de síndrome dolorosa pós-laminectomia (n=16) e um grupo controle (II) submetido a interconsulta na Clínica da Dor (n=15). Os instrumentos foram a escala analógica visual e o dolorímetro de Fischer. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, foi utilizado questionário WHOQOL-Bref e para os fatores emocionais ansiedade e depressão, o Inventario Beck de Ansiedade e de Depressão. RESULTADOS: Na amostra dos dois grupos houve predomínio do gênero feminino, média de idade de 42,3±5,8 anos (grupo I), maioria casada e média de escolaridade de 8,4±3,0 anos. O tempo médio de dor foi de 0,7±0,3 meses após a cirurgia no grupo I com limiar de dor mais baixo. As dimensões físicas e relações sociais foram as mais comprometidas na qualidade de vida, assim como os níveis de ansiedade e depressão. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados mostraram pior dor, qualidade de vida, ansiedade e depressão no grupo I, sugerindo maior conhecimento de possíveis complicações pós-operatórias buscando não permitir que se estabeleça um padrão anormal de funcionalidade. .