Psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review of feasibility, acceptability, and outcome measures.

INTRODUCTION: Although psychoeducational group interventions are increasingly used for adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a comprehensive review focused on the feasibility and acceptability indicators of these interventions remains lacking. Furthermore, although previous research has explored various aspects of psychoeducation for ADHD, such as its definition and approaches, limited research has focused on the synthesis for outcome measures and patients' experiences related to these interventions. Therefore, this scoping review aims to map the existing evidence reported on psychoeducational group interventions for adults diagnosed with ADHD. The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures used in psychoeducational group interventions. METHOD: A comprehensive structured literature search on the topic was performed in seven bibliographic databases, and the resulting records were independently screened, and their data extracted by two reviewers. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-S) to ensure the transparency and rigor of this scoping review. RESULTS: The searches yielded 7510 records. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. These included studies were conducted in European countries and the United States. Among these, six studies used a randomized control design, one an open feasibility trial, and one a pre-post intervention design. All the studies reported some feasibility and acceptability indicators. While all the studies reported on the severity of symptoms of ADHD as an outcome measure, some also reported on outcomes related to psychological or mental-health problems, quality of life, changes in knowledge regarding ADHD, or the level of self-esteem, functioning, and impairment. CONCLUSION: This scoping review revealed that psychoeducational group interventions are generally acceptable for patients in terms of patient satisfaction with the group intervention. All included studies reported some feasibility indicators, with some reporting good attendance and relatively low dropout rates. Most studies reported positive effects on ADHD and mental health symptoms, suggesting that these interventions are beneficial for adults with ADHD. However, several gaps exist regarding the reporting on the feasibility indicators, acceptability, and outcome measures employed across studies.

"Being an informal caregiver - strengthening resources": mixed methods evaluation of a psychoeducational intervention supporting informal caregivers in palliative care.

BACKGROUND: Informal caregivers are key support for patients with progressive incurable diseases. However, their own needs often remain unmet. Therefore, we developed, manualised and implemented the intervention "Being an informal caregiver - strengthening resources" aiming to support and empower informal caregivers by addressing relevant information-related, physical, psychological and social needs. METHODS: In this pilot study, we evaluated the acceptance and experiences with this psychoeducational intervention. The study was conducted over two years (2019-2021). Informal caregivers were recruited from the University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf and the metropolitan region of Hamburg, Germany. The intervention was aimed at adult persons who identified themselves as an informal caregiver to an adult patient with a progressive incurable cancer and non-cancer disease. For the evaluation we used a mixed methods approach, combining a longitudinal questionnaire survey (pre-intervention, after each module, 3-months follow-up) and semi-structured interviews post-intervention. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a paired t-Test, interviews were analysed based on the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Results were triangulated using a convergent triangulation design. RESULTS: Of 31 informal caregivers who received the intervention, 25 returned the follow-up questionnaire and 20 informal caregivers were interviewed. Triangulated results showed a high satisfaction with the implementation of the intervention. Of a broad range of subjective benefits, gaining knowledge, self-awareness and self-efficacy were most apparent. Informal caregivers reported improved preparedness, awareness of own needs as well as confidence regarding handling own emotions and interacting with the ill person. However, implementing the learned skills into daily life can be challenging due to internal and external factors. Motivations and challenges for participating as well as potential for improvement were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study showed an overall positive evaluation and several subjective benefits of the psychoeducational intervention "Being an informal caregiver - strengthening resources". Further research is needed to measure the efficacy of this intervention on informal caregivers' outcomes. Therefore, a multicentre randomized prospective study is planned.

Spiritual interventions: Improving the lives of colorectal cancer survivors-A systematic literature review.

AIM: To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives. DESIGN: Systematic review. DATA SOURCE: A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE. REVIEW METHODS: As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guideline was employed. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Thirty-five articles were analysed for this study. The findings suggest that psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, mindfulness intervention, social intervention, and spiritual counselling improved CRC survivor's coping skills, boosted self-esteem, lessened anxiety, instilled hope, enhanced daily functioning, improved survival rates, improved neurological functional status and quality of life (QoL). CONCLUSION: There is proof that spiritual interventions help CRC patients and improve their QoL. It has been discovered that spiritual intervention is helpful in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CRC conditions. IMPACT: CRC survivors may have impairments in their physical ability and daily functioning as a result of many symptoms, such as pain, bowel dysfunction, and exhaustion. Furthermore, individuals may encounter difficulties in several aspects of their psychological, emotional, social, and role functioning due to the presence of dread symptoms. Therefore, these study will help CRC survivors To implement spiritual interventions in the management of their long-term care. To cultivate problem-solving abilities, foster self-assurance, and enhance self-awareness. To alleviate symptoms, enhance everyday functioning, and improve QoL. NO INDUCEMENT: No financial incentives were used to compensate patients or members of the public for this review.

Caregiver Thrive, Learn, & Connect: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Psychoeducational Program for Family Caregivers.

OBJECTIVES: Research reports that providing care to a relative or friend with a chronic health condition or significant neurocognitive disorders, such as dementia is a demanding job. Caregiving often leads to higher risk for adverse mental health outcomes. In this study, we examine the short-term efficacy of the CaregiverTLC online psychoeducational program to caregivers of adults with chronic health or significant memory troubles. METHOD: Using pre-post data from the CaregiverTLC randomized controlled trial (n = 81) we examined differences between the intervention and control conditions on caregivers' psychosocial outcomes for depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, burden, anxiety, and caregiver gains. RESULTS: Data analyses indicated significant decrease in self-reported depressive symptoms, burden, anxiety, and significant increases in self-efficacy and caregiver gains for caregivers in the active intervention compared to those in the control condition. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that regardless of whether caregivers care for a person with a chronic illness or significant neurocognitive disorder, they can benefit from participation in this online psychoeducational program. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The CaregiverTLC program may be an effective method to teach skills to reduce depression, burden, and anxiety, and improve self-efficacy and personal gains among caregivers of older adults with chronic illnesses.

The Effect of Tele-Savvy on Sleep Quality and Insomnia in Caregivers of Persons Living with Dementia.

Introduction: Sleep disturbance is prevalent in caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLwD). Tele-Savvy, a 7-week virtual psychoeducational intervention, enhances caregivers' competence and self-care, and reduces depression. While not explicitly designed to do so, Tele-Savvy can potentially improve caregivers' disturbed sleep. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal effects of Tele-Savvy on caregivers' sleep quality and insomnia. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of a 3-arm randomized control trial [Tele-Savvy (active treatment), Healthy Living (attention control), and usual care (waitlist control)]. Multilevel mixed modeling with intent-to-treat principles tested for group, time, and group-by-time effects. Effect sizes were estimated for all changes from baseline to the initial 6-month post-intervention point. Following completion of the 6-month post-randomization delay, we examined combined outcomes for Tele-Savvy. Results: Participants (n=137; mean age 64.7 years) were predominantly female (68.6%) and White (68.6%). We found no initial group-by-time effects for the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). For the combined Tele-Savvy group, there was a statistically significant improvement in ISI scores across time (p=0.050). The combined Tele-Savvy effect size for PSQI was d=0.126 and ISI was d=0.310. Discussion: Tele-Savvy resulted in a significant long-term reduction in insomnia symptoms in this sample of caregivers of PLwD and demonstrated a positive trend for improvement in their sleep quality. Since sleep disturbance is so prevalent among caregivers of PLwD, the inclusion of sleep health education into psychoeducation caregiver interventions may yield even better outcomes for caregivers.

Can a web application foster emotional competence in children and adolescents? The case of PandHEMOT®.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had many traumatic consequences for the physical and psychological functioning of children and adolescents. Internet-based interventions can reach a large audience and be a potentially powerful resource for promoting well-being among young people. We tested the efficacy of the web application PandHEMOT®, developed ad hoc for increasing knowledge about pandemics, emotions, and emotion regulation. We involved a sample of 147 Italian third and seventh graders. The sample was assigned to an experimental (participating in the training) and a waitlist condition (who participated following a waitlist design). All the participants completed pretest and posttest measures. The intervention was structured into three units. The training took place between November and December 2021. Generalized linear mixed models and linear mixed models revealed that knowledge about pandemics, emotions, emotion regulation, and metacognitive awareness increased for the experimental condition. Moreover, adolescents performed better than children. The findings supported the efficacy of an Internet-based training for increasing children and adolescents' resilience, according to the standards of evidence-based research.

Acceptability and Usability of the Family Gene Toolkit for Swiss and Korean Families Harboring BRCA1/BRAC2 Pathogenic Variants: A Web-Based Platform for Cascade Genetic Testing.

The study adapted the Family Gene Toolkit and developed a customized web application for Swiss and Korean families harboring BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants to support family communication of genetic testing results and promote cascade genetic testing among at-risk relatives. In the first step, narrative data from 68 women with BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants and clinician feedback informed a culturally sensitive adaptation of the content consistent with current risk management guidelines. In the second step, the Information Technology team developed the functions and the interface of the web application that will host the intervention. In the third step, a new sample of 18 women from families harboring BRCA1/BRCA2 pathogenic variants tested the acceptability and usability of the intervention using "think-aloud" interviews and a questionnaire. Participants expressed high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. They provided positive feedback for the information regarding active coping, strategies to enhance family communication, interactive elements, and illustrative stories. They reported that the information was useful and the web application was easy to navigate. Findings suggest that the Family Gene Toolkit is well-designed and can increase rates of cascade testing among at-risk relatives. Its efficacy will be tested in a subsequent randomized trial.

A self-management psychoeducational eHealth program to support and empower people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers: Development using the scrum methodology.

Background: eHealth programs could be a flexible and scalable resource to support and empower people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers. A face-to-face intervention that has demonstrated effectiveness is the "FOCUS" program, developed and tested in the USA. Recently the FOCUS program was translated and adapted to the European context as part of an international study in six European countries, resulting in the "FOCUS+" program. FOCUS+ served as the basis for development of the web-based iFOCUS program. Objective: We aim to (1) describe the development process of the iFOCUS program, (2) outline the challenges we encountered and how they were overcome, and (3) present findings regarding the acceptability and usability of iFOCUS. Methods: We used the four phased agile Scrum methodology to develop iFOCUS and applied set timeframes of rapid program development and evaluation (sprints). Five teams were involved in the development i.e. a core development group, a web development team, an international consortium, audio-visual experts, and potential end-users. Results: Development followed seven steps, integrated across the four phases of Scrum: (1) concept design, (2) development of mock-ups, (3) Feedback from the international consortium, (4) technical development of iFOCUS, (5) creating versions for the six participating countries, (6) preliminary testing of iFOCUS and (7) implementing the final version in a randomized controlled trial. User testing included 42 participants (twenty patient-family caregiver dyads and two bereaved family caregivers) who reviewed the iFOCUS program. Users found the iFOCUS program to be acceptable and usable. Feedback mainly focused on text size and fonts. Minor changes to the content, tailoring, and program flow were required. During development we encountered program specific and general challenges. Using the Scrum methodology facilitated iterative development to address these issues. For some challenges, such as tailoring, we had to make pragmatic choices due to time and resource limitations. Conclusions/discussion: The development of a tailored, self-managed psychoeducational eHealth program for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers is an intense process and requires pragmatic choices. By keeping the emphasis on the target population during development, no specific remarks pertaining to advanced cancer were identified. Some challenges we encountered are common to eHealth development, others were related to program specific requirements. Using the Scrum methodology allows teams to efficiently collaborate during program development and increases the flexibility of the development process. Interpersonal contact between research staff and potential end-users is recommended during and after the development of eHealth programs.

Intervención psicoeducativa para prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes en condiciones de COVID-19

Introducción: la adolescencia constituye una etapa de riesgos. Actualmente, la tendencia al embarazo en este grupo etario es frecuente, por lo que resulta oportuno realizar intervenciones psicoeducativas para los padres, los familiares y la comunidad. Objetivo: realizar una intervención psicoeducativa para prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes, bajo condiciones de COVID 19, desde la multidisciplinariedad. Métodos: se realizó una intervención psicoeducativa multidisciplinaria con adolescentes desde enero a diciembre de 2021 en el área de salud Policlínico Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero de la ciudad de Camagüey. El universo de estudio estuvo integrado por las 127 adolescentes, pertenecientes al consultorio médico 7; se seleccionó una muestra de 93 mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple. El procesamiento se realizó utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21 y se efectuó la validación y revisión de la misma. Como medida de resumen de la información se utilizaron los porcentajes (%) y como medida de significación estadística Mc Nemar. Resultados: predominó el grupo de edad entre 17 a 19 años, con un nivel de escolaridad de preuniversitario. El diagnóstico evidenció que las adolescentes al inicio de la investigación no tenían información sobre el embarazo, métodos anticonceptivos, repercusiones y complicaciones del mismo. La implementación de la intervención psicoeducativa logró incrementar su nivel de información respecto a estos aspectos. Existió diferencia estadísticamente significativa al evaluar el nivel de información general antes y después de la intervención. Discusión: en las investigaciones acerca del embarazo en la adolescencia, existió un predominio del grupo de edad de 17 a 19 años y esta es la edad promedio de la fecundidad, lo que coincide con los resultados del estudio realizado en esta localidad por este equipo multidisciplinario, evidenciando un problema de salud. Se constató la necesidad de realizar acciones psicoeducativas para incrementar la información y evitar embarazos en este grupo etario.

Introduction: adolescence is a stage of risks. Currently, the tendency to get pregnant in this age group is frequent, so it is opportune to carry out psychoeducational interventions for parents, family members and the community. Objective: to carry out a psychoeducational intervention to prevent pregnancy in adolescents, under conditions of COVID 19, from multidisciplinarity. Methods: a multidisciplinary psychoeducational intervention was carried out with adolescents from January to December 2021 in the Joaquín de Agüero y Agüero Polyclinic health area in the city of Camagüey. The universe of study was made up of 127 adolescents, belonging to medical office 7; a sample of 93 was selected by simple random sampling. The processing was carried out using the statistical package SPSS version 21 and its validation and revision was carried out. Percentages (%) were used as a summary measure of the information and Mc Nemar as a measure of statistical significance. Results: the age group between 17 to 19 years predominated, with a pre-university level of education. The diagnosis showed that the adolescents at the beginning of the investigation did not have information about the pregnancy, contraceptive methods, its repercussions and complications. The implementation of the psychoeducational intervention managed to increase their level of information regarding these aspects. There was a statistically significant difference when evaluating the level of general information before and after the intervention. Discussion: in the investigations about pregnancy in adolescence, there was a predominance of the age group of 17 to 19 years and this is the average age of fertility, which coincides with the results of the study carried out in this locality by this multidisciplinary team, evidencing a health problem. The need to carry out psychoeducational actions to increase information and prevent pregnancies in this age group was verified.

Effects on long-term survival of psychosocial group intervention in early-stage breast cancer: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The promise of prolonged survival after psychosocial interventions has long been studied, but not convincingly demonstrated. This study aims to investigate whether a psychosocial group intervention improved long-term survival in women with early-stage breast cancer and investigate differences in baseline characteristics and survival between study participants and non-participants. METHODS: A total of 201 patients were randomized to two six-hour psychoeducation sessions and eight weekly sessions of group psychotherapy or care as usual. Additionally, 151 eligible patients declined to participate. Eligible patients were diagnosed and treated at Herlev Hospital, Denmark, and followed for vital status up to 18 years after their primary surgical treatment. Cox's proportional hazard regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for survival. RESULTS: The intervention did not significantly improve survival in the intervention group compared with the control group (HR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-1.14). Participants and non-participants differed significantly in age, cancer stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, and crude survival. When adjusted, no significant survival difference between participants and non-participants remained (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.53-1.11). CONCLUSIONS: We could not show improved long-term survival after the psychosocial intervention. Participants survived longer than nonparticipants, but clinical and demographic characteristics, rather than study participation, seem accountable for this difference.

Group Psychoeducational Intervention for Grandparents of Young Children with ASD: An Open Feasibility Study.

This initial open feasibility trial reports on feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the manualized, group-based psychoeducational intervention for grandparents of preschool-aged children with ASD provided by the outpatient habilitation services in Stockholm, Sweden. One hundred and twenty non-custodial grandparents participated in a 6-h intervention program. The study demonstrated good feasibility: 114 (95%) grandparents completed both pre- and post-intervention measures and evaluations and reported high intervention acceptability. The results also indicated that grandparents increased their knowledge about ASD from pre-intervention to post-intervention, gained skills about strategies of supporting their grandchildren and adult children, and appreciated the opportunity to meet and share experiences with other grandparents. Follow-up with a randomized controlled trial design is needed to firmly establish efficacy of this intervention.

The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on caregiver-oriented outcomes in caregivers of adult cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Cancer caregiving can result in increased psychosocial distress and poor health-related quality of life (QOL). Psychoeducation has been shown to be effective in enhancing caregiving-oriented outcomes. A systematic assessment of the overall effect of psychoeducational intervention (PEI) and identification of individual intervention characteristics that may contribute to the effectiveness of PEI is needed. METHODS: For this meta-analysis, relevant articles were identified through electronic databases using key search terms and their medical subject heading such as "family caregiver," "cancer," and "psychoeducational intervention." RESULTS: Twenty-eight controlled trials with 3876 participants were included. PEIs had beneficial effect on depression (Standardized Mean Difference [SMD] -0.26; 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.01, p < 0.04), anxiety (SMD -0.41; 95% CI = -0.82 to 0.01, p < 0.05), caregiver burden (SMD -0.84; 95% CI = -1.22 to -0.46, p < 0.0001) and QOL (SMD 0.59, 95% CI 0.24-0.93; p < 0.0009) at the immediate post-intervention period. At longer-term follow-up, the effectiveness of PEI was maintained on QOL (SMD 0.39, 95% CI = -0.00 to -0.77, p < 0.05), and anxiety (SMD -0.57; 95% CI = -1.09 to -0.06, p < 0.03). Moderation analysis showed that intervention characteristics such as studies conducted in high-income countries, group intervention and studies that focused on specific and mixed cancers explain some of the high variations observed among the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: PEI may benefit caregivers of cancer patients through the significant effects on caregiver burden, QOL, anxiety, and depression. The findings from the moderation analysis may be important for the design of future interventions.

Validación de intervención psicoeducativa para mejorar el afrontamiento y adaptación de familiares en la UCI / Psychoeducational Intervention Validation to Improve Relatives in the ICU Coping and Adaptation / Validação de uma intervenção psicoeducativa para melhorar o enfrentamento e adaptação de familiares na UTI

Introducción: la hospitalización de una paciente afecta directamente el estado de salud de sus familiares, por lo tanto, se requiere de una intervención psicoeducativa que reduzca el efecto ocasionado en las familias para favorecer el afrontamiento y la adaptación. Objetivo: determinar los componentes con mayor consenso entre profesionales expertos para validar una intervención psicoeducativa que mejore el afrontamiento y la adaptación en familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Método: estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo realizado con la técnica Delphi, por medio de una única ronda entre profesionales de la salud con experiencia mayor a 2 años en atención a pacientes críticos o investigación en esta área. Resultados: se obtuvieron 14 ítems distribuidos de la siguiente manera: matriz de componentes (3 ítems) y protocolo de la intervención (11 ítems). El 7,14 % de los ítems logró un consenso total, el 85,7 % aceptable y solo el 7,14 % de los ítems no alcanzó un consenso. Conclusiones: los componentes, actividades y acciones propuestas en la intervención psicoeducativa a través de la matriz de componentes como el protocolo de intervención, según el consenso de expertos, es pertinente, congruente, factible y genera impacto, lo cual permite mejorar el afrontamiento y adaptación de familiares de pacientes hospitalizados en UCI. La intervención requiere ser validada por medio de una prueba piloto y un estudio cuasi-experimental que permita medir el impacto de estos resultados.

Introduction: A patient's hospitalization directly affects the health status of their relatives, therefore, a psychoeducational intervention is required to reduce the effect on families, favoring coping and adaptation. Objective: Determine the components with the highest consensus among experts to operationalize psychoeducational intervention that improves coping and adaptation in relatives of hospitalized patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methodology: Primary quantitative and descriptive study, carried out using the Delphi technique, through a single round among health professionals with more than 2 years of experience in critical patient care or research in this area. Results: 14 items were obtained, distributed as follows: component matrix (3 items) and intervention protocol (11 items). 7.14 % of the items reached a total consensus, 85.7 % acceptable and only 7.14 % of the items did not reach a consensus. Conclusions: The components, activities and actions proposed in the psychoeducational intervention through the matrix of components, such as the intervention protocol, according to the consensus of experts proves to be pertinent, congruent, feasible, and generates impact. This allows to improve coping and adaptation of hospitalized patients in ICU's relatives. The intervention needs to be validated by means of a pilot test and a quasi-experimental study that allow measuring the impact of these results.

Introdução: A hospitalização de um paciente afeta diretamente o estado de saúde de seus familiares, portanto, é necessária uma intervenção psicoeducacional que reduza o efeito causado nas famílias, favorecendo o enfrentamento e a adaptação. Objetivo: Determinar os componentes de maior consenso entre os especialistas para operacionalizar a intervenção psicoeducacional que melhora o enfrentamento e a adaptação em familiares de pacientes internados em UTI. Metodologia: Estudo primário, quantitativo e descritivo, realizado pela técnica Delphi, por meio de rodada única, entre profissionais de saúde com mais de 2 anos de familia na assistência ao paciente crítico ou em pesquisa na área. Resultados: foram obtidos 14 itens, assim distribuídos: matriz de componentes (3 itens) e protocolo de intervenção (11 itens). 7,14 % dos itens alcançaram consenso total, 85,7 % aceitáveis e apenas 7,14 % dos itens não alcançaram consenso. Conclusões: Os componentes, atividades e ações propostas na intervenção psicoeducacional através da matriz de componentes como o protocolo de intervenção, segundo o consenso dos especialistas é pertinente, congruente, factível e gera impacto, o que permite melhorar o enfrentamento e adaptação dos familiares de pacientes internados em UTI. A intervenção familia ser validada por meio de um teste piloto e um estudo quase-experimental que permita mensurar o impacto desses resultados.

Effectiveness of a psychoeducational group intervention developed by primary care nurses on symptom control of pediatric patients with ADHD. ADHD parent study.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder with an estimated prevalence of 5%. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention performed by primary care nurses on parents of children with ADHD. We recruited participants composed of parents and children between 6 and 12 years with ADHD. We conducted a two-branch randomized control trial. The intervention programme consisted of nine group sessions (5-12 parents) with a duration of 10 months. The primary outcomes were the attention tasks measured with the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) and the ADHD symptomatology. Forty-eight children were included in the study. The average age of the parents was 42.6 years (standard deviation, SD: 6.3), and of the children 10.1 years (SD: 1.9), 81.3% were boys. TOVA and the symptoms after the intervention showed no statistically changes in both groups. The intervention group showed more knowledge of ADHD (17.3 vs 11.5, p = 0.008) and knowledge of drugs (6.1 vs. 4.5, p = 0.005) than the control group after the intervention. A psychoeducational intervention performed by primary care nurses on parents of children with ADHD did not show any modification in the attention tasks, and only changed the knowledge of ADHD of the parents that received the intervention.

A Single-Arm Pilot Study of Multicomponent Psychoeducational Intervention for Postpartum Depression and Anxiety in a Rural Community.

Background: The prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA) is rising in India and efforts at generating local evidence for psychological intervention are scanty. We conducted a single-arm pilot study in an Indian rural community to test the impact of multicomponent psychoeducational intervention (MCPI) on women with PPD and PPA. Methods: Forty-three women with PPD/PPA/both received MCPI, which comprised three phases with in-person sessions held once weekly for a minimum of six and a maximum of ten weeks. Primary outcome variables were scores on depression and anxiety, assessed using the Edinburg postnatal depression scale and the state and trait anxiety inventory, along with evaluating the compliance rate to the intervention. The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) neuropsychiatric interview was used to confirm the diagnosis of depression and anxiety. Secondary outcome variables assessed were social support, functionality, parental stress, interpersonal violence, and marital satisfaction. We used Cohen's d effect size method for assessing the mean differences. Results: MCPI resulted in the improvement of 72% women (95% CI = 56.3%-84.7%). The overall compliance rate to the intervention was 85.63%, which was higher for responders than nonresponders (92.9% vs. 69.8%; P < 0.001). MCPI resulted in statistically significant improvement in the mean score of depression (P = 0.001, d = 0.95) and anxiety (P = 0.001, d = 1.30). On secondary outcome variables, significant improvement was obtained in the overall present social support (P = 0.001; d = 4.65), present social support from partner (P = 0.027; d = 0.45) and parents (P = 0.001; d = 0.74), future social support from parents (P = 0.001; d = 0.81), the performance of household responsibility (P = 0.001; d = 0.97), lifestyle in the last two weeks (P = 0.001; d = 3.57), parental stress (P = 0.001; d = 1.04), and marital satisfaction (P = 0.014; d = 0.52). Conclusion: This pilot study shows that MCPI has a promising role in relieving depression and anxiety. It also improved the perception of social support from partner and parents, functionality, marital satisfaction, and reduced parental stress.

The effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke: A meta-analysis.

AIMS: This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions on family function among families after stroke. BACKGROUND: Family function may be improved by psychoeducational intervention, but findings about the effect of psychoeducation on family function among families after stroke have been mixed. METHODS: This was a meta-analysis carried out by searching five international electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINAHL, as well as four national electronic databases, including Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang. Two groups of researchers screened the studies independently, assessed the quality of the studies and extracted data. Meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS: Five studies on psychoeducational interventions were included. Pooled analysis of these studies showed a small effect of the interventions on improving family function (WMD: -0.13, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.01, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed significant differences between the psychoeducation and control groups at 1 month postintervention (WMD: -0.12, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.05, P < 0.05) and more than 6 months postintervention (WMD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.24 to -0.04, P < 0.05). The psychoeducational interventions also had positive effect on improving the problem solving (WMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.14 to -0.03, P < 0.05) and communication (WMD: -0.23, 95% CI: -0.41 to -0.05, P < 0.05) functions of the family. There were significant differences in the group of dyad intervention (WMD: -0.14, 95% CI: -0.25 to -0.02, P < 0.05) and the group using face to face method (WMD: -0.58, 95% CI: -0.84 to -0.32, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Synthesized results demonstrated the favourable effect of psychoeducational interventions on the improvement of the family function among families after stroke, especially in terms of family problem solving and family communication. Future psychoeducational intervention research design should consider the combination of multiple intervention methods and the applicable population of intervention.

Changing knowledge and attitudes about childhood fever: testing a video instruction before its application in a health app.

Background: Although infantile fever is harmless in most cases, many parents feel insecure when having to deal with it because important information is often missing. For educational purposes, an information video on fever in children was developed, which is also intended to serve as an onboarding element of a health app. The aim of the present work was to record the attitude of parents and adults on the topic of fever before and after the presentation of the information video, as well as its evaluation. Methods: Between May and November 2020, a total of 123 adults from three groups with different backgrounds (students, parents and educators) were interviewed using a questionnaire that was completed before and after the one-time presentation of an educational information video clip. Results: Several significant outcomes were recorded in attitude change toward managing fever, with no significant difference between groups. After viewing the informational video clip, 74% of participants would take body temperature rectally more often. In the after-questionnaire, 83% of participants agreed that they would now be more cautious about using fever-reducing medications. Before the video clip, 75% of the participants thought fever was "rather useful"; after, 93%. The level of temperature played a minor role as a reason for fever reduction. The information content and quality of the video were rated positively. Discussion: This study shows that a short information video is capable of bringing about a subjectively perceived intentional change in the attitude to dealing with fever, motivating a change in behavior, and reducing uncertainty in dealing with fever. Since the change in attitude was measured immediately after viewing the video clip, no statement can be made about the medium to long-term effect. Conclusion: The information video clip can be classified as a short-term fever education tool for which at least short-term effective is demonstrated. Long-term and possible synergistic effects when integrated into a health app with further information still needs to be investigated.

A Psychoeducational Support Group Intervention for People Who Have Attempted Suicide: An Open Trial with Promising Preliminary Findings.

Psychoeducational groups have been used to address many health needs. Yet, there are few such options available for people who have attempted suicide. This study presents preliminary findings from an open trial of Eclipse, an 8-week closed, psychoeducational group for people who have attempted suicide. It examined the effectiveness of the Eclipse program in reducing suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and increasing resilience and help-seeking. Results showed statistically significant improvements in depressive symptoms, perceived burdensomeness, resilience and help-seeking from baseline (T1) to immediate post-test (T2), and in perceived burdensomeness from T1 to 1-month follow-up (T3). A pervasiveness analysis showed that over half of the participants reported improvements in key study outcomes, respectively, as a result of participating in the Eclipse group. Psychoeducational support groups could provide broad application for those who have previously attempted suicide in decreasing severity of suicidal thinking by reductions in depressive symptoms, burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness.

4 Steps To My Future (4STMF): protocol for a universal school-based pilot and feasibility study of a CBT-based psychoeducational intervention to support psychological well-being amongst young adolescents in the Western Cape, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems often emerge during middle childhood and adolescence. In South Africa, and in the context of high rates of poverty, violence, and adversity, many children are at a considerable risk for developing mental health problems. Access to and costs of mental health services preclude treatment for most. There is evidence that universal school-based prevention programmes are effective in well-resourced settings. However, little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of such programmes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa. METHODS: This is a feasibility pilot study of 4 Steps To My Future (4STMF), a Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) school-based programme for young adolescents in the Western Cape, South Africa. This eight-session intervention will be delivered to children in grade 5 (aged 10-13 years approximately) attending two public government-run schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. We aim to enrol approximately 224 children in grade 5. We will randomise which school receives the intervention first and the other will be a delayed intervention group. We will train individuals with a post-graduate degree in psychology to facilitate the programme. We will collect demographic data on participants as well as data on primary (feasibility measures) and secondary outcomes (mental health and well-being measures). We will collect data at baseline, post-intervention, and at 1-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: This pilot study will provide data on the acceptability and feasibility of delivering a universal school-based prevention programme in South African schools. The study will provide preliminary data to inform the design of a full-scale randomised controlled trial (RCT) of a universal school-based mental health programme aimed at preventing mental health problems. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry ( https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=10881 ) database, with unique identification number for the registry: PACTR202004803366609. Registered on 24 April 2020.

Is Parents' ADHD Symptomatology Associated With the Clinical Feasibility or Effectiveness of a Psychoeducational Program Targeting Their Children's ADHD?

OBJECTIVE: To examine if the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of a psychoeducational program targeting children's ADHD differ between parents with varying ADHD symptom severities. METHOD: An open trial analyzed data from 549 parents of children with ADHD aged 3 to 17 years, who participated in psychoeducation at an outpatient habilitation/disability clinic. In all analyses, parents were stratified into three symptom severity groups (low/middle/high) based on scores on an ADHD screening scale. RESULTS: Parental ADHD symptom severity was not associated with results on any outcome, although the odds of having incomplete data were higher in parents reporting higher symptom severity. Across the entire sample, we observed high program completion rates, positive acceptability ratings and large increases in parental knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Psychoeducation may be beneficial regardless of the participating parent's ADHD symptomatology. Further research is needed to examine whether these results are generalizable to parents diagnosed with ADHD, an underrepresented group in our study.