Propiedades psicométricas de la “Escala de estrés ante enfermedades transmisibles” en tiempos de Covid-19 / Psychometric properties of the "Stress scale for communicable diseases" in times of Covid-19

La pandemia por Covid-19 ha tenido un impacto negativo en la salud mentalincluyendo el estrés. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo diseñar y validarpsicométricamente la “Escala de estrés ante enfermedades transmisibles” (escalaAPA). La prueba de análisis discriminativo de ítems permitió eliminar cuatro ítems,quedando la prueba final conformada por 10 ítems. Asimismo, la validezconvergente utilizando el “Cuestionario de ansiedad social” (CASO) fue de r=0,377. El análisis factorial confirmatorio ratificó la estructura de dos componentes:el estrés general y el estrés ante la Covid-19. Se obtuvieron correlacionesmultivariadas entre los ítems utilizándose los índices de ajuste según el modeloesperado. Los índices de fiabilidad fueron buenos (α de Cronbach= 0,841 y ω deMcDonald= 0,848) y se estableció un baremo con percentiles por sexo con unamuestra de 1000 universitarios, teniendo un 28% de mujeres y un 22,9% dehombres con un alto nivel de estrés ante las enfermedades transmisibles. Estosresultados de validez y fiabilidad de la escala APA muestran su utilidad para evaluarel estrés ante las enfermedades transmisibles. (AU)

Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on mental health, includingstress. The goal of our study was to design and psychometrically validate the StressScale for Transmissible Diseases (APA scale). The discriminative item analysis testallowed the elimination of four items, leaving the final test with 10 items. Likewise,the convergent validity using the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) was r= .377.Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-component structure: generalstress and stress in the face of Covid-19. Multivariate correlations between itemswere obtained using the fit indices according to the expected model. Reliabilityindices were good (Cronbach's α= .841 and McDonald's ω= .848) and percentilenorms were established by sex with a sample of 1,000 university students, with28% of women and 22.9% of men having a high level of stress in the face of transmissible diseases. These results of validity and reliability of the APA scale showits usefulness in assessing stress in the face of transmissible diseases. (AU)

The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the HIV Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale (HSAS) in Tanzania.

HIV stigmatizing attitudes are embedded in social context, making it important to develop culturally specific tools for accurate measurement. The goal of this study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the HIV Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale (HSAS) in Moshi, Tanzania. Items were adapted based on a scale developed by Visser et al. which was one of the first to measure HIV stigmatizing attitudes in the general population (i.e., people not living with HIV). Items were translated into Swahili and modified with iterative feedback. The HSAS was administered to participants (N = 1494) in an HIV stigma reduction intervention study at two antenatal care clinics in Moshi, Tanzania. The HSAS was found to have strong domain coherence and high reliability based on Cronbach's alpha, Omega 6 coefficient values, and the composite reliability coefficient, and high validity based on content-oriented evidence, relations to other variables, and response process. Factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure (Moral Judgment and Interpersonal Distancing), consistent with the original Visser scale. The HSAS provides a robust way to measure HIV stigma in the Tanzanian context and can be culturally adapted to other settings.

A measure of functioning in adults With ADHD: Psychometric properties of the general life functioning scale-parent version.

OBJECTIVE: The General Life Functioning Scale (GLF) was developed to provide a complementary alternative to existing measures of impairment. We examined the psychometric properties of the GLF-Parent version (GLF-P), given the known value of informant ratings. METHODS: The GLF-P was administered to parents of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood and a nonADHD comparison group in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. GLF-P ratings described 334 participants (ADHD = 186; comparison = 148) rated at age 25 (Mage = 24.80 years, SDage = 0.46, range = 24-26) and 401 participants (ADHD = 237; comparison = 164) rated at age 30 (Mage = 29.30, SDage = 0.64, range = 28-33). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were used. RESULTS: EFAs suggested and CFAs confirmed a five-factor solution. We found measurement invariance across diagnostic and age groups, satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and known-group validity. CONCLUSION: Psychometric results suggest the GLF-P as a helpful adjunctive measure of functioning. Further research is needed to determine the utility of the GLF across diverse settings.

Medo de Ficar Solteiro: Evidências Psicométricas e de Validade de uma Medida / Miedo a Estar Sola: Evidencias Psicométricas y de Validez de una Medida / Psychometric and Validity Evidence of the Fear of Being Single Scale

Resumo O medo de ficar solteiro pode ocasionar alterações na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos, podendo afetar o bem-estar e a autoestima. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo validar a Escala Medo de Ficar Solteiro (EMFS) para o Brasil, apresentando evidências de sua qualidade psicométrica por meio de dois estudos. Estudo 1 contou com 172 participantes (Idade M = 23,69, DP = 7,77; 64,5% mulheres) e reproduziu a estrutura unifatorial do modelo original, com seis itens. O Estudo 2 contou com 220 participantes (Idade M = 21,90, DP = 5,64; 59,5% mulheres) e confirmou a estrutura por meio de uma AFC, com índices satisfatórios (CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,94), além de fornecer evidência quanto a invariância fatorial do instrumento em relação ao status de relacionamento dos participantes. Adicionalmente, apresentou-se validade convergente por meio de correlações significativas com solidão e escore de satisfação com a vida, além de ter sido observada diferença entre homens e mulheres quanto ao medo de ficar solteiro. Por fim, a medida apresentou índices adequados de confiabilidade (alfa de Cronbach, α = 0,88) e confiabilidade composta (CC = 0,82). Concluindo, a medida apresentou evidências satisfatórias para o seu uso no contexto brasileiro.

Resumen El miedo a estar soltero puede conducir a modificaciones en la calidad de vida de los individuos, que pueden afectar su bienestar y autoestima. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo validar la Escala Miedo a Estar Soltero (EMES) en Brasil, presentando evidencias de su calidad psicométrica a través de dos estudios. Estudio 1 contó con 172 participantes (Edad M = 23.69, DE = 7,77; 64,5% mujeres) y se replica la estrutura unifactorial del instrumento, con seis ítems. Estudio contó con 220 participantes (Edad M = 21.90, DE = 5,6; 59,5% mujeres) y confirmó la estructura mediante una AFC, con índices satisfactorios (CFI = .96; TLI = .94), y proporcionó evidencia de la invariancia factorial del instrumento, en relación al estado de relacionamento dos Participantes. Además, sí presenta validez convergente a través de correlaciones significativas con la soledad y la pontuación de satisfacción con la vida, y se ha observado diferencia entre hombres y mujeres cuando el miedo a estar soltero. Por último, la medida mostró niveles adecuados de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach, α= 0,88) y fiabilidad compuesta (CC = 0,82). En conclusión, la medida presenta pruebas satisfactorias para su uso en el contexto brasileño.

Abstract The fear of being single can lead to changes in the quality of life of individuals, which may affect their well-being and self-esteem. This research aimed to validate the Fear of Being Single Scale (FBSS) for Brazil, presenting evidence of its psychometric quality through two studies. Study 1 had 172 participants (Age M = 23.69, SD = 7.77; 64.5% women) and replicated the one-factor structure of the instrument, with six items. Study 2 had 220 participants (Age M = 21.90, SD = 5.64; 59.5% women) and confirmed the structure using a CFA, with satisfactory indices (CFI = .96; TLI = .94), and provided evidence for the factorial invariance of the instrument, in relation to participants' relationship status. Additionally, convergent validity was presented through significant correlations with loneliness and life satisfaction scores, and a difference was also observed between men and women regarding the fear of being single. Finally, the scale showed adequate levels of reliability (Cronbach's alpha, α = 0.88) and composite reliability (CR = 0.82). In conclusion, the scale presented satisfactory evidence for its use in a Brazilian context.