Update on guidelines for the treatment of COPD in Taiwan using evidence and GRADE system-based recommendations.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has significant contributions to morbidity and mortality world-wide. Early symptoms of COPD are not readily distinguishable, resulting in a low rate of diagnosis and intervention. Different guidelines and recommendatations for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD exist globally. The first edition of clinical practice guidelines for COPD was published in 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Taiwan in collaboration with the Taiwan evidence-based medicine association and Cochrane Taiwan, and was revised in 2019 in order to update recent diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for COPD and its acute exacerbation. This revised guideline covered a range of topics highlighted in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report, including strategies for the diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, and management of stable COPD and exacerbations, with particular focus on evidence from Taiwan. The recommendations included in the revised guideline were formed based on a comprehensive systematic review or meta-analysis of specific clinical issues identified by an expert panel that surveyed relevant scientific evidence in the literature and guidelines published by the clinical communities and organizations nationally and internationally. The guidelines and recommendations are applicable to the clinical settings in Taiwan. We expect this revised guideline to facilitate the diagnosis, treatment and management of patients with COPD by physicians and health care professionals in Taiwan. Adaptations of the materials included herein for educational and training purposes is encouraged.

Management of COPD within the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in the state of Bahia: an analysis of real-life medication use patterns / Gerenciamento da DPOC no Sistema Único de Saúde do estado da Bahia: uma análise do padrão de utilização de medicamentos na vida real

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe COPD pharmacological treatment patterns in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and to evaluate the extent to which these patterns conform to clinical guidelines for the management of COPD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 441 patients referred from the Public Health Care Network of the state of Bahia to a public referral outpatient clinic of a COPD management program of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System. Individuals with a spirometry-confirmed diagnosis of moderate to very severe COPD were included in the study. Patients were evaluated as to whether they had used any COPD medications in the last seven days. The appropriateness or inappropriateness (undertreatment or overtreatment) of the patient's pharmacological treatment was evaluated by comparing the patient's current treatment with that recommended by national and international guidelines. Results: A total of 383 individuals were included in the analysis. Approximately half of the patients (49.1%) used long-acting bronchodilators. These patients were older and had had the disease longer. Of the sample as a whole, 63.7% and 83.0% did not receive pharmacological treatment in accordance with international and national recommendations, respectively. Inappropriateness due to undertreatment was indentified in more than half of the patients. Conclusions: Long-acting bronchodilators are frequently underused in individuals with moderate to very severe COPD within the Brazilian Unified Health Care System in the state of Bahia. Most patients in our sample were treated inappropriately, and undertreatment predominated. Strategies to improve access to long-acting bronchodilators and the quality of COPD pharmacological management are required.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o padrão de tratamento farmacológico da DPOC no estado da Bahia e avaliar a conformidade desse padrão com diretrizes clínicas de manejo da doença. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal envolvendo 441 pacientes referenciados da Rede de Atenção à Saúde do Estado da Bahia para um ambulatório de referência público de um programa do Sistema Único de Saúde de gerenciamento da DPOC. Foram incluídos no estudo indivíduos com diagnóstico de DPOC moderada a muito grave, confirmado por espirometria. Os pacientes foram avaliados com relação ao uso de algum medicamento para o tratamento da doença nos últimos sete dias. A avaliação da adequação ou da inadequação (sub ou sobretratamento) do tratamento farmacológico dos pacientes foi realizada comparando-se o tratamento atual desses pacientes ao preconizado por diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: Um total de 383 indivíduos foi incluído na análise. Aproximadamente metade dos pacientes (49,1%) utilizava algum broncodilatador de longa duração. Esses pacientes eram mais idosos e possuíam maior tempo de duração da doença. Da amostra, 63,7% e 83,0% não recebiam tratamento farmacológico em concordância com as recomendações internacionais e nacionais, respectivamente. A inadequação por subtratamento foi identificada em mais da metade dos pacientes. Conclusões: Os broncodilatadores de longa duração são frequentemente subutilizados em indivíduos com DPOC moderada a muito grave no Sistema Único de Saúde da Bahia. Nesta amostra, a maioria dos pacientes era tratada de forma inadequada, com predominância de subtratamento. Estratégias que melhorem o acesso a broncodilatadores de longa duração e a qualidade do manejo farmacológico da doença são necessárias.

The ABCD of COPD For Patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic condition that requires the engagement of our patients in lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatment. Although there are guidelines on many aspects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management, the challenge of engaging our patients persists. We propose a simple mnemonic that we hope will make it easier for patients and clinicians to achieve this goal together.

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica é uma patologia crónica cujo tratamento depende do envolvimento dos doentes em mudanças de estilo de vida e tratamento farmacológico. Embora existam recomendações clínicas no tratamento da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica, o desafio em envolver os doentes persiste. Propomos uma mnemónica simples que esperamos contribuir para alcançar esse objetivo comum a médicos e doentes.

Recommendations for the pharmacological treatment of COPD: questions and answers / Recomendações para o tratamento farmacológico da DPOC: perguntas e respostas

ABSTRACT The treatment of COPD has become increasingly effective. Measures that range from behavioral changes, reduction in exposure to risk factors, education about the disease and its course, rehabilitation, oxygen therapy, management of comorbidities, and surgical and pharmacological treatments to end-of-life care allow health professionals to provide a personalized and effective therapy. The pharmacological treatment of COPD is one of the cornerstones of COPD management, and there have been many advances in this area in recent years. Given the greater availability of drugs and therapeutic combinations, it has become increasingly challenging to know the indications for, limitations of, and potential risks and benefits of each treatment modality. In order to critically evaluate recent evidence and systematize the major questions regarding the pharmacological treatment of COPD, 24 specialists from all over Brazil gathered to develop the present recommendations. A visual guide was developed for the classification and treatment of COPD, both of which were adapted to fit the situation in Brazil. Ten questions were selected on the basis of their relevance in clinical practice. They address the classification, definitions, treatment, and evidence available for each drug or drug combination. Each question was answered by two specialists, and then the answers were consolidated in two phases: review and consensus by all participants. The questions answered are practical questions and help select from among the many options the best treatment for each patient and his/her peculiarities.

RESUMO O tratamento da DPOC vem se tornando cada vez mais eficaz. Medidas que envolvem desde mudanças comportamentais, redução de exposições a fatores de risco, educação sobre a doença e seu curso, reabilitação, oxigenoterapia, manejo de comorbidades, tratamentos cirúrgicos e farmacológicos até os cuidados de fim de vida permitem ao profissional oferecer uma terapêutica personalizada e efetiva. O tratamento farmacológico da DPOC constitui um dos principais pilares desse manejo, e muitos avanços têm sido atingidos na área nos últimos anos. Com a maior disponibilidade de medicações e combinações terapêuticas fica cada vez mais desafiador conhecer as indicações, limitações, potenciais riscos e benefícios de cada tratamento. Com o intuito de avaliar criticamente a evidência recente e sistematizar as principais dúvidas referentes ao tratamento farmacológico da DPOC, foram reunidos 24 especialistas de todo o Brasil para elaborar a presente recomendação. Foi elaborado um guia visual para a classificação e tratamento adaptados à nossa realidade. Dez perguntas foram selecionadas pela relevância na prática clínica. Abordam a classificação, definições, tratamento e evidências disponíveis para cada medicação ou combinação. Cada pergunta foi respondida por dois especialistas e depois consolidadas em duas fases: revisão e consenso entre todos os participantes. As questões respondidas são dúvidas práticas e ajudam a selecionar qual o melhor tratamento, entre as muitas opções, para cada paciente com suas particularidades.