Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris) / Femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).[...]

Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris) / Femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).[...](AU)

Analysis of testosterone pulsatility in women with ovulatory menstrual cycles / Análise da pulsatilidade da testosterona em mulheres com ciclos menstruais ovulatórios

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pattern of the pulsatile secretion of testosterone in normal menstrual cycle. METHODS: Eight healthy women with ovulatory menstrual cycles were enrolled. Blood samples were collected at ten-minute intervals for six hours, starting between 7 and 8 am, after a ten-hour fasting, in three phases: mid-follicular (Day 7), late follicular (Day 12) and mid-luteal phase (Day 21). Samples were assayed for testosterone, LH and the baseline also for SHBG. RESULTS: Testosterone pulse frequency, mean amplitude pulse, percentage of increment in pulse amplitude, mean duration of pulses and pulse interval were similar in the three phases. LH pulsatility was statistically different among the three phases (p < 0.001) representing normal ovulatory cycles. CONCLUSIONS: These data increase the knowledge about the testosterone secretion profile in the human menstrual cycle and can be used as a contribution to clinical investigation in both hyperandrogenism and androgen insufficiency syndrome.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão pulsátil da secreção da testosterona em mulheres normais. MÉTODOS: Oito mulheres saudáveis com ciclos ovulatórios foram selecionadas. Amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas a cada dez minutos durante seis horas, começando entre 7 e 8 h da manhã, após dez horas de jejum, nas três fases do ciclo menstrual: folicular média (Dia 7), folicular tardia (Dia 12) e lútea (Dia 21). Foram mensurados: testosterona, LH e, no basal, também SHBG. RESULTADOS: A frequência dos pulsos de testosterona, média da amplitude do pulso, porcentagem do incremento da amplitude, duração e intervalos dos pulsos foram similares nas três fases (p > 0,05). A pulsatilidade do LH foi estatisticamente diferente entre as três fases (p < 0,001), caracterizando padrão característico do ciclo ovulatório normal. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados aumentam o conhecimento sobre o padrão de secreção da testosterona no ciclo menstrual humano e representam uma contribuição para a investigação clínica, tanto no hiperandrogenismo como na síndrome de insuficiência androgênica.

Triplex doppler of canine hepatic artery on pre and posprandial periods / Triplex doppler da artéria hepática canina nos períodos pré e pós-prandial

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of hepatic artery (HA) by Triplex Doppler in health adult dogs on pre and postprandial periods. The experimental group was formed by 14 mongrel dogs, 9 females and five males, weighing 6-19 kg and 4-16 kg, respectively. The animals were previously prepared, remaining 24 hours of starvation, and feeding with milk or pellet show food to perform posprandial analysis. The ultrasound PHILIPS HDI 4000 equipped with a micro convex transducer (5-8MHz) was used. The RI and PI measurements of HA were performed on tree times: T0 (pre-prandial period), T1 (30 minutes postprandial) and T2 (90 minutes postprandial). There are no statistical differences between T0 and T2 when compared RI and PI of HA. However, both indices were significantly diminished on T1 in relation with T0 and T2, which represents an increase of AH blood flow 30 min postprandial. The employment of HA Triplex Doppler improves the blood flow evaluation pre and posprandial and can be one important technique to establish comparative parameter to distinguish between hepatic metabolic homeostasis from different physiopathologics states. KEY WORDS: Dogs, hepatic artery, pulsatility index, resistivity index, ultrasound.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por meio do triplex doppler as variações dos índices de resistividade (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria hepática (AH) de cães adultos saudáveis em períodos pré e pós-prandiais. O grupo amostral foi composto por quatorze cães sem raça definida, sendo nove fêmeas e cinco machos com peso entre seis e dezenove quilos e quatro e dezesseis quilos, respectivamente. Previamente aos exames ultrassonográficos, os animais foram submetidos a 24 horas de jejum e, para os exames pós-prandiais, foram alimentados com leite ou ração comercial. Utilizou-se o ultrassom Philips HDI 4000, munido de um transdutor microconvexo (5-8MHz). Dividiram-se as mensurações dos IR e IP da AH em três tempos: T0 (período pré-prandial), T1 (trinta minutos pós-prandial) e T2 (noventa minutos pós-prandial). Não houve diferença estatística quando comparadas as médias de IR e IP da AH entre T0 e T2. No entanto, ambos os índices foram significativamente menores no T1 quando comparado com os outros períodos de análise, comprovando aumento de fluxo sanguíneo na AH trinta minutos pós-prandial. O uso do triplex doppler da AH possibilitou mensurações do fluxo sanguíneo pré e pós-prandial, sendo uma técnica importante para estabelecer parâmetros comparativos entre homeostasia metabólica e diferentes estados fisiopatológicos hepáticos.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Artéria hepática, cães, índice de

TRIPLEX DOPPLER OF CANINE HEPATIC ARTERY ON PRE AND POSPRANDIAL PERIODS / TRIPLEX DOPPLER DA ARTÉRIA HEPÁTICA CANINA NOS PERÍODOS PRÉ E PÓS-PRANDIAL

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the resistivity index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of hepatic artery (HA) by Triplex Doppler in health adult dogs on pre and postprandial periods. The experimental group was formed by 14 mongrel dogs, 9 females and five males, weighing 6-19 kg and 4-16 kg, respectively. The animals were previously prepared, remaining 24 hours of starvation, and feeding with milk or pellet show food to perform posprandial analysis. The ultrasound PHILIPS HDI 4000 equipped with a micro convex transducer (5-8MHz) was used. The RI and PI measurements of HA were performed on tree times: T0 (pre-prandial period), T1 (30 minutes postprandial) and T2 (90 minutes postprandial). There are no statistical differences between T0 and T2 when compared RI and PI of HA. However, both indices were significantly diminished on T1 in relation with T0 and T2, which represents an increase of AH blood flow 30 min postprandial. The employment of HA Triplex Doppler improves the blood flow evaluation pre and posprandial and can be one important technique to establish comparative parameter to distinguish between hepatic metabolic homeostasis from different physiopathologics states. KEY WORDS: Dogs, hepatic artery, pulsatility index, resistivity index, ultrasound.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar por meio do triplex doppler as variações dos índices de resistividade (IR) e pulsatilidade (IP) da artéria hepática (AH) de cães adultos saudáveis em períodos pré e pós-prandiais. O grupo amostral foi composto por quatorze cães sem raça definida, sendo nove fêmeas e cinco machos com peso entre seis e dezenove quilos e quatro e dezesseis quilos, respectivamente. Previamente aos exames ultrassonográficos, os animais foram submetidos a 24 horas de jejum e, para os exames pós-prandiais, foram alimentados com leite ou ração comercial. Utilizou-se o ultrassom Philips HDI 4000, munido de um transdutor microconvexo (5-8MHz). Dividiram-se as mensurações dos IR e IP da AH em três tempos: T0 (período pré-prandial), T1 (trinta minutos pós-prandial) e T2 (noventa minutos pós-prandial). Não houve diferença estatística quando comparadas as médias de IR e IP da AH entre T0 e T2. No entanto, ambos os índices foram significativamente menores no T1 quando comparado com os outros períodos de análise, comprovando aumento de fluxo sanguíneo na AH trinta minutos pós-prandial. O uso do triplex doppler da AH possibilitou mensurações do fluxo sanguíneo pré e pós-prandial, sendo uma técnica importante para estabelecer parâmetros comparativos entre homeostasia metabólica e diferentes estados fisiopatológicos hepáticos.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Artéria hepática, cães, índice de

Transcranial doppler in sickle cell anaemia: evaluation of brain blood flow parameters in children of Aracaju, Northeast - Brazil / Doppler transcraniano em portadores de anemia falciforme: estudo dos parâmetros de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral em crianças de Aracaju, Sergipe

BACKGROUND: Environmental factors interfere on sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Transcanial Doppler (TCD) is important to evaluate cerebrovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate brain haemodynamic profile of children with SCA in Sergipe. METHODS: Cross sectional study (group1: SCA patients aged 3-18; group2: age and sex matched healthy individuals). Baseline brain flow was evaluated. RESULTS: Group1=34 patients; group 2=81 controls. SCA patients had mean velocity (MV)=125.69 cm/s±23.40; pulsatility index (PI)=0.66±0.10; middle cerebral artery ratio (MCAr)=14.53±15.23; right anterior cerebral artery/right middle cerebral artery=0.77±0.20; left anterior cerebral artery/left middle cerebral artery=0.78±0.20. Controls had MV=79.44±15.54; PI=0.82±0.11; MCAr=13.19±13.77; right anterior cerebral artery/right middle cerebral artery=0.80±0.16; left anterior cerebral artery/left middle cerebral artery=0.84±0.18. MV and PI differences were statistically significant between groups. MV was related to age but not to gender. CONCLUSION: MV evaluation using TCD was similar to international standards and possible to be used in our setting.

INTRODUÇÃO: Aspectos ambientais interferem na apresentação da anemia falciforme (AF). Doppler transcraniano (DTC) é útil na avaliação do risco para doença cerebrovascular em pacientes com AF. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil hemodinâmico cerebral de crianças com AF em Sergipe. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal (grupo1: portadores de AF 3-18 anos; grupo2: indivíduos saudáveis, pareados por idade e gênero). Foram avaliadas medidas de fluxo sangüíneo cerebral basal. RESULTADOS: Grupo1 (n=34): velocidade média (Vm)=125,69 cm/s ±23,40; índice de pulsatilidade (Ip)=0,66±0,10; relação entre artéria cerebral média (ACMs)=14,53±15,23; artéria cerebral anterior (ACA)/ACM direita=0,77±0,20; ACA/ACM esquerda=0,78±0,20. Grupo 2 (n=81): Vm=79,44 cm/s ±15,54; Ip=0,82±0,11, relação entre ACMs=13,19±13,77, ACA/ACM direita=0,80±0,16; ACA/ACM esquerda=0,84± 0,18. Vm foi maior e Ip menor no grupo1. Vm se correlacionou com idade mas não com gênero. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil hemodinâmico cerebral de crianças com AF em Sergipe assemelha-se às referências internacionais. Não se observou interferência de fatores ambientais sobre os resultados.