Índice de varianza versus duración del complejo QRS para el diagnóstico de dispersión mecánica del ventrículo izquierdo

Introducción. En el complejo universo de la falla cardíaca, el pronóstico y el tratamiento de la misma sumaron un aspecto de valor durante la última década del siglo pasado, a partir del reconocimiento de la disincronía mecánica durante la sístole y las consiguientes propuestas de resincronización cardíaca. Desde los inicios la predicción de disincronía mecánica se ha fundamentado en la duración del complejo QRS, las imágenes y más recientemente el análisis del índice de varianza del QRS. Objetivo. Tomando como estándar la dispersión mecánica ventricular izquierda medida por ecocardiografía, valorar la concordancia entre duración promedio del QRS del electrocardiograma (ECG) versus el índice de varianza, en cuanto a sensibilidad, especificidad y valor predictivo de dispersión anormal. Métodos. Población de pacientes consecutivos citados para ecocardiografía strain, sin escara ventricular, para medir dispersión mecánica, duración promedio del QRS del ECG e índice de varianza espacial. Resultados. Se evaluaron 54 pacientes y 57 escenarios distintos. Edad promedio: 66,3±14,2 años; duración promedio del QRS fue de 119,7±31,5 mseg. El índice de varianza promedio fue 0,52±0,35. Un índice de varianza >0,4 demostró sensibilidad y especificidad de 82,6% y 64,7% respectivamente, para diagnóstico de dispersión mecánica anormal (e"56 mseg); valor predictivo positivo: 61,3%, negativo: 84,6%. La duración promedio de QRS e"130 mseg logró sensibilidad y especificidad de 52,6% y 71%, con valores predictivos positivo y negativo de 54,5% y 68,6%, respectivamente. La duración promedio del QRS no guarda dependencia con la disincronía mecánica (p=0,1458); la disincronía mecánica (>56 mseg) y la electrocardiografía de varianza, por otra parte, sí guardan dependencia muy significativa (p=0,0012). Los métodos no son comparables para diagnosticar disincronía (kappa=0,376). Conclusión. El ECG de varianza tiene mejor sensibilidad y valor predictivo negativo para el diagnóstico de dispersión mecánica ventricular izquierda valorada por ecocardiografía.

Introduction. The prediction of mechanical dyssynchrony has generally been based on the duration of the QRS complex, although other resources are available, such as the QRS variance index; these methods have not been compared with each other. Objective. Taking as a standard the left ventricular mechanical dispersion measured by speckle-tracking strain echocardiography, to assess the concordance between the average QRS duration of the standard electrocardiogram versus the spatial variance index in terms of sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of abnormal mechanical dispersion. Methods. Population of consecutive patients cited for strain echocardiography and without ventricular scar tissue, to measure mechanical dispersion, average QRS duration of the standard electrocardiogram and the variance index. Results. Fifty-four patients and 57 different scenarios were evaluated; the average age was 66.3±14.2 years, the QRS average duration on standard electrocardiogram was 119.7±31.5 ms. Average ID was 0.52±0.35. A spatial variation index >0.4 showed sensitivity and specificity of 82.6% and 64.7% respectively, for the diagnosis of abnormal mechanical dispersion (e"56 ms); positive predictive value: 61.3%, negative: 84.6%. The average duration of QRS e"130 ms achieved sensitivity and specificity of 52.6% and 71%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 54.5 and 68.6%, respectively. The average QRS duration are not interdependent with mechanical dyssynchrony (p=0.1458); mechanical dyssynchrony (>56 ms) and spatial variance electrocardiography are, nevertheless, clearly interdependent (p=0.0012). The methods are not comparable between them (kappa=0.376). Conclusion. The QRS variation electrocardiogram has better sensitivity and negative predictive value respect to the average QRS duration for the diagnosis of left ventricular mechanical dispersion prevalence, measured by echocardiography.

Introdução. No complexo universo da insuficiência cardíaca, seu prognóstico e tratamento agregaram valor durante a última década do século passado, com base no reconhecimento da dissincronia mecânica durante a sístole e nas propostas subsequentes de ressincronização cardíaca. Desde o início, a previsão da dissincronia mecânica tem sido baseada na duração do complexo QRS, nas imagens e, mais recentemente, na análise do índice de variância QRS. Objetivo. Tomando como padrão a dispersão mecânica do ventrículo esquerdo medida pelo ecocardiograma, avalie a concordância entre a duração média do QRS do eletrocardiograma (ECG) versus o índice de variância, em termos de sensibilidade, especificidade e valor preditivo de dispersão anormal. Métodos População de pacientes consecutivos citados para ecocardiograma de deformação, sem escara ventricular, para medir dispersão mecânica, duração média do QRS do ECG e índice de variância espacial. Resultados. Foram avaliados 54 pacientes e 57 cenários diferentes. Idade média: 66,3±14,2 anos; a duração média do QRS foi de 119,7±31,5 mseg. O índice de variância médio foi de 0,52±0,35. Um índice de variância >0,4 mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 82,6% e 64,7%, respectivamente, para diagnóstico de dispersão mecânica anormal (e"56 mseg); valor preditivo positivo: 61,3%, negativo: 84,6%. A duração média do QRS e"130 mseg alcançou sensibilidade e especificidade de 52,6% e 71%, com valores preditivos positivos e negativos de 54,5% e 68,6%, respectivamente. A duração média do QRS não depende de dissincronia mecânica (p=0,1458); dissincronia mecânica (>56 mseg) e eletrocardiografia de variância, por outro lado, têm dependência muito significativa (p=0,0012). Os métodos não são comparáveis para diagnosticar dissincronia (kappa=0,376). Conclusão. A variância do ECG apresenta melhor sensibilidade e valor preditivo negativo para o diagnóstico de dispersão mecânica do ventrículo esquerdo avaliada pelo ecocardiograma.

Re-evaluating the electro-vectorcardiographic criteria for left bundle branch block.

The criteria for left bundle branch block have gained growing interest in the last few years. In this overview, we discuss diagnostic and prognostic aspects of different criteria. It was already shown that stricter criteria, including longer QRS duration and slurring/notching of the QRS, better identify responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy. We also include aspects of ST/T concordance and discordance and vectorcardiography, which could further improve in the fine-tuning of the left bundle branch criteria.

QRS duration and dispersion for predicting ventricular arrhythmias in early stage of acute myocardial infraction. / Duración y dispersión del QRS para predecir arritmias ventriculares en las fases iniciales del infarto agudo de miocardio.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between QRS duration and dispersion and the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in early stages of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DESIGN: A retrospective, longitudinal descriptive study was carried out. SETTING: Hospital General Universitario "Camilo Cienfuegos", Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Secondary health care. PATIENTS OR PARTICIPANTS: A total of 209 patients diagnosed with ST-segment elevation AMI from January 2012 to June 2014. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: The duration and dispersion of the QT interval, corrected QT interval, and QRS complex were measured in the first electrocardiogram performed at the hospital. The presence of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation was assessed during follow-up (length of hospital stay). RESULTS: Arrhythmias were found in 46 patients (22%); in 25 of them (15.9%), arrhythmias originated in ventricles, and were more common in those subjects with extensive anterior wall AMI, which was responsible for 81.8% of the ventricular fibrillations and more than half (57.1%) of the ventricular tachycardias. The widest QRS complexes (77.3±13.3 vs. 71.5±6.4ms; P=.029) and their greatest dispersion (24.1±16.2 vs. 16.5±4.8ms; P=.019) were found on those leads that explore the regions affected by ischemia. The highest values of all measurements were found in extensive anterior wall AMI, with significant differences: QRS 92.3±18.8ms, QRS dispersion 37.9±23.9ms, corrected QT 518.5±72.2ms, and corrected QT interval dispersion 94.9±26.8ms. Patients with higher QRS dispersion values were more likely to have ventricular arrhythmias, with cutoff points at 23.5ms and 24.5ms for tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Increased QRS duration and dispersion implied a greater likelihood of ventricular arrhythmias in early stages of AMI than increased duration and dispersion of the corrected QT interval.