RESUMO
Ionizing radiation (IR) has wide-ranging applications in various fields. In agriculture, pest control is one of the important applications, because insect pests have become a threat to the global agriculture industry. IR are used routinely to prevent crop loss and to protect stored food commodities. Radio-sterilization and disinfestation treatments are commonly used procedures for insect pest control. From various studies on insect radio-sterilization and disinfestation, it has been established that compared to vertebrates' insects have high levels of radiation resistance. Therefore, to achieve adequate radio-sterilization/disinfestation; exposure to high doses of IR is necessary. However, studies over decades made a presumption that radiation resistance is general among insects. Recent studies have shown that some insect orders are having high IR resistance and some insect orders are sensitive to IR. These studies have clarified that radiation resistance is not uniform throughout insect class. The present review is an attempt to insight at the evolutionary profile of insect species studied for radio-sterilization and disinfestation treatment and are having the trait of radio-resistance. From various studies on insect radiation resistance and after phylogenetic analysis of insect species it appears that the evolutionary near species have drastically different levels of radio-resistance and trait of radiation resistance appears to be independent of insect evolution.
Assuntos
Controle de Insetos/métodos , Insetos/efeitos da radiação , Agricultura , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Controle de Insetos/normas , Filogenia , Radiação IonizanteRESUMO
Resumen En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos durante los estudios dosimétricos de las etapas de calificación operacional y del comportamiento funcional de la instalación de irradiación semindustrial de Cuba después de su remodelación y recarga, así como el proceso de radioesterilización de un producto de uso médico.
Abstract The present work shows the results obtained during the dosimetric studies of the operational qualification stages and the functional behavior of the semi-industrial irradiation facility in Cuba after its remodeling and recharging, as well as the radio-sterilization process of a product for medical use.
RESUMO
Purpose: The impact of gamma radiation on the reproductive biology of the spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was ascertained to explore the potential of the radio-genetic 'Inherited (F1) Sterility' technique (modified Sterile Insect technique) to control this serious pigeonpea pest in India.Materials and methods: Radio-biological investigations involved dose-response studies, at a range of 100-250 Gy, with respect to radiation induced adverse effects on reproductive behavior in substerilized parent (P1) moths, inheritance of sterility and associated metamorphic disruption in F1 progeny. The reproductive competence of P1 male moths and their F1 progeny was evaluated by ascertaining the survival, mating success, sperm transfer and amphimixis of gametes from irradiated male parents and their F1 progeny. Daily ovipositional and egg fertility profile were evaluated as crucial parameters for simulation modeling for this radio-genetic technique.Results: Radiation-induced check in insemination rate and sterility in P1 and F1 generation had a positive correlation with gamma dose. The metamorphic adverse effects in F1 progeny of substerilized P1 males were influenced by P1 irradiation. A higher dose of 200 Gy that resulted in 21.1% fertility in parent cross (P1âx Nâ) could form only 14.4% F1 adults that were all malformed. A gamma dose of 150 Gy (administered to P1 males) could be considered as a suitable dose for F1 sterility, that induced 57.4% control of reproduction in parent generation, followed by 72-85% control of reproduction in F1 progeny involved in three crosses -F1âxNâ, NâxF1â, F1âxF1â. Daily fertility profile of the eggs laid indicated a marked reduction on 4th day onwards during the ovipositional span in P1 and F1 generation. High degree of mating competitiveness value (CV) was noticed for 150 Gy irradiated male P1 moths (0.78-0.93), and their F1 male progeny (0.70-0.89), released in different sex ratios in the field cages having untreated moths. Reduced relative damage to the pigeon pea plants by the released F1 progeny in the field cages was observed in comparison to control.Conclusion: The present study indicated the potential use of a dose of 150 Gy to apply the 'F1 sterility' technique for parabiological suppression of the pigeon pea pod borer. The present findings and reproductive performance of the irradiated moths in F2 generation along with other compatible biorational pest control tactics (that are in progress), might help in formulating an effective integrated pest management module, including the F1 sterility technique as an integral component.
Assuntos
Infertilidade/etiologia , Mariposas/efeitos da radiação , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Animais , Cajanus , Feminino , Raios gama , Masculino , Metamorfose Biológica/efeitos da radiação , Mariposas/fisiologia , Doses de Radiação , Radiobiologia , Razão de MasculinidadeRESUMO
RESUMEN En el presente trabajo se expone la evolución del proceso de irradiación en Cuba, los principales resultados científico-técnicos e impactos alcanzados hasta la actualidad y las perspectivas de estas aplicaciones, así como la recuperación de las capacidades de irradiación existentes en el país, el control del proceso de irradiación, gestión de la calidad del proceso y los aspectos normativos establecidos.
ABSTRACTS The present paper deals with the evolution of radiation processing in Cuba, its main scientific results and impact up to now and the perspectives of these applications, as well as the recovery of the irradiation capacities existing in the country, the radiation process control, quality management in the mentioned radiation process and the established regulatory aspects.
