La lúdica: una alternativa en la formación del estudiante universitario de Cultura Física

La presente investigación aborda la importancia de la lúdica en el estudiante universitario de Cultura Física desde el proceso formativo, que exige lograr altos niveles de conocimientos y habilidades. Desde esta perspectiva, se analiza el proceso de la lúdica como un componente esencial en la formación inicial del profesional de la Cultura Física. Mediante la lúdica se logra una formación más adecuada al contexto universitario actual según los cambios en los planes de estudios, por lo que resulta necesario el diagnóstico sobre dicho componente. El artículo tuvo el propósito de crear acciones pedagógicas para la formación lúdica del profesional de la Cultura Física, desde la asignatura Educación Rítmica y Lúdica de la disciplina Teoría y práctica de la Educación Física. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos como: analítico sintético, sistémico-estructural-funcional, y empíricos, tales como: la observación, revisión documental, entrevista, encuesta, preexperimento (prest y postest) y el criterio de expertos. Se consultaron a siete profesores como expertos, por lo que se utilizó una muestra de 27 estudiantes de tercer año de la carrera por haber recibido la asignatura. Como resultado del estudio y diagnóstico realizados se detectaron insuficiencias en el empleo y uso de la lúdica dentro del proceso formativo para el logro de una formación lúdica y la necesidad de transformar el modo de actuación de los profesionales de la Cultura Física, los resultados obtenidos en la práctica pedagógica demostraron la utilidad de las acciones pedagógicas lúdicas.

A presente pesquisa aborda a importância do lúdico no estudante universitário de Cultura Física a partir do processo de formação, que exige o alcance de elevados níveis de conhecimentos e habilidades. Nessa perspectiva, o processo lúdico é analisado como componente essencial na formação inicial do profissional de Cultura Física. Através do jogo consegue-se uma formação mais adequada ao contexto universitário atual de acordo com as mudanças nos planos de estudos, razão pela qual é necessário um diagnóstico desta componente. O artigo teve como objetivo criar ações pedagógicas para a formação lúdica do profissional de Cultura Física, a partir da disciplina Educação Rítmica e Lazer da disciplina Teoria e prática da Educação Física. Foram aplicados métodos teóricos como: analítico-sintético, sistêmico-estrutural-funcional, e métodos empíricos, como: observação, revisão documental, entrevista, levantamento, pré-experimento (pré e pós-teste) e julgamento de especialistas. Foram consultados sete professores como especialistas, portanto foi utilizada uma amostra de 27 alunos do terceiro ano por terem recebido a disciplina. Como resultado do estudo e diagnóstico realizado, foram detectadas insuficiências no emprego e utilização do lúdico no processo formativo para a concretização da formação lúdica e a necessidade de transformação do modo de atuação dos profissionais de Cultura Física, demonstrados os resultados obtidos na prática pedagógica a utilidade das ações pedagógicas lúdicas.

The present research addresses the importance of play in the university student of Physical Culture from the training process, which requires achieving high levels of knowledge and skills. From this perspective, the process of play is analyzed as an essential component in the initial training of the Physical Culture professional. Through play, training is more appropriate to the current university context according to the changes in the study plans, which is why a diagnosis of said component is necessary. The article had the purpose of creating pedagogical actions for the playful training of the Physical Culture professional, from the Rhythmic and Ludic Education subject of the discipline Theory and Practice of Physical Education. Theoretical methods were applied such as: analytical -synthetic, systemic-structural-functional, and empirical methods, such as: observation, documentary review, interview, survey, pre-experiment (prest and post-test) and expert judgment. Seven professors were consulted as experts, so a sample of 27 third-year students was used for having received the subject. As a result of the study and diagnosis carried out, insufficiencies were detected in the employment and use of play within the training process to achieve playful training and the need to transform the mode of action of the Physical Culture professionals, the results obtained in pedagogical practice demonstrated the usefulness of playful pedagogical actions.

Ketamine detection in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs: epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles. / Detección de ketamina en pacientes intoxicados por drogas recreativas: perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles of patients who used recreational ketamine and experienced acute poisoning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of patients attended by several emergency medical services in the Balearic Islands for analytically confirmed acute poisoning after using ketamine between January 2016 and December 2020. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two patients were studied. The mean (SD) age was 26.7 (6.5) years. The majority were men (77.9%) and not residents of the Balearic Islands (74.6%). Poisoning cases occurred mainly in the summer and in the island of Ibiza (84.4%). Ketamine use was declared by the patient or clinically suspected in 40.2%. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (43.4%), hypertension (28.7%), mydriasis (27.0%), altered consciousness (25.4%), agitation/aggressiveness (25.4%), and hypothermia (21.3%). Seven patients (5.73%) required admission to the intensive care unit. The drugs most often detected along with ketamine were cocaine, in 93.4%, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in 78.7%. Multiple-drug use combining ketamine, cocaine, and MDMA, or on occasion additional substances, was detected in 98.4%. CONCLUSION: Detection of ketamine in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs is associated with a characteristic profile: young men who are not residents of the Balearic Islands, who attend electronic music concerts, and who have taken multiple drugs. A substantial percentage of such patients are unaware of drug intake.

OBJETIVO: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico de los pacientes consumidores de ketamina en el contexto de una intoxicación aguda por drogas recreativas. METODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes atendidos en varios servicios de urgencias (SU) en Baleares por intoxicaciones agudas por drogas recreativas con exposición a ketamina confirmada analíticamente, entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. El análisis toxicológico en muestras de orina se realizó mediante inmunoensayo y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 122 pacientes. La edad media fue de 26,7 (DE 6,5) años. La mayoría eran hombres (77,9%) y no residentes en las Islas Baleares (74,6%). Los casos se detectaron mayoritariamente en verano y en Ibiza (84,4%). El uso de ketamina solo fue declarado por el paciente o fue clínicamente sospechado por el médico en el 40,2%. Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron taquicardia (43,4%), hipertensión (28,7%), midriasis (27,0%), disminución de la consciencia (25,4%), agitación/agresividad (25,4%) e hipotermia (21,3%). Siete pacientes (5,7%) requirieron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La cocaína (93,4%) y la 3,4-metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) (78,7%) fueron las drogas más detectadas junto con la ketamina. El policonsumo fue habitual (98,4%), combinando ketamina, cocaína y MDMA, en algunos casos asociado a otras sustancias. CONCLUSIONES: La detección de ketamina en intoxicaciones por drogas recreativas se asocia a consumidores con un perfil característico (varones jóvenes, no residentes, asistentes a eventos de música electrónica y policonsumo) y un alto porcentaje desconocen de este consumo.

Detección de ketamina en pacientes intoxicados por drogas recreativas: perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico / Ketamine detection in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs: epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles

bjetivo. Identificar el perfil epidemiológico, clínico y toxicológico de los pacientes consumidores de ketamina en el contexto de una intoxicación aguda por drogas recreativas.Método. Estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes atendidos en varios servicios de urgencias (SU) en Baleares por intoxicaciones agudas por drogas recreativas con exposición a ketamina confirmada analíticamente, entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2020. El análisis toxicológico en muestras de orina se realizó mediante inmunoensayo y cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas.Resultados. Se incluyeron 122 pacientes. La edad media fue de 26,7 (DE 6,5) años. La mayoría eran hombres (77,9%) y no residentes en las Islas Baleares (74,6%). Los casos se detectaron mayoritariamente en verano y en Ibiza (84,4%). El uso de ketamina solo fue declarado por el paciente o fue clínicamente sospechado por el médico en el 40,2%. Los signos clínicos más frecuentes fueron taquicardia (43,4%), hipertensión (28,7%), midriasis (27,0%), disminución de la consciencia (25,4%), agitación/agresividad (25,4%) e hipotermia (21,3%). Siete pacientes (5,7%) requirieron ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). La cocaína (93,4%) y la 3,4-metilendioximetanfetamina (MDMA) (78,7%) fueron las drogas más detectadas junto con la ketamina. El policonsumo fue habitual (98,4%), combinando ketamina, cocaína y MDMA, en algunos casos asociado a otras sustancias.Conclusiones. La detección de ketamina en intoxicaciones por drogas recreativas se asocia a consumidores con un perfil característico (varones jóvenes, no residentes, asistentes a eventos de música electrónica y policonsumo) y un alto porcentaje desconocen de este consumo. (AU)

Objective. To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles of patients who used recreational ketamine and experienced acute poisoning. Methods. Retrospective observational study of patients attended by several emergency medical services in the Balearic Islands for analytically confirmed acute poisoning after using ketamine between January 2016 and December 2020. Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Results. One hundred twenty-two patients were studied. The mean (SD) age was 26.7 (6.5) years. The majority were men (77.9%) and not residents of the Balearic Islands (74.6%). Poisoning cases occurred mainly in the summer and in the island of Ibiza (84.4%). Ketamine use was declared by the patient or clinically suspected in 40.2%. The most common clinical signs were tachycardia (43.4%), hypertension (28.7%), mydriasis (27.0%), altered consciousness (25.4%), agitation/aggressiveness (25.4%), and hypothermia (21.3%). Seven patients (5.73%) required admission to the intensive care unit. The drugs most often detected along with ketamine were cocaine, in 93.4%, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in 78.7%. Multiple-drug use combining ketamine, cocaine, and MDMA, or on occasion additional substances, was detected in 98.4%. Conclusions. Detection of ketamine in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs is associated with a characteristic profile: young men who are not residents of the Balearic Islands, who attend electronic music. (AU)

Uso de um jogo de tabuleiro na reabilitação dos membros superiores de idosos institucionalizados em Portugal: um estudo piloto quase-experimental / Board game for the upper limbs rehabilitation in institutionalised elderly from Portugal: a quasiexperimental pilot study

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização do jogo como estratégia de reabilitação tem revelado um especial impacto nas variáveis cognitivas no idoso, não sendo consensual o seu impacto em indicadores físicos. OBJETIVO: Medir o efeito do treino com um jogo de tabuleiro na melhoria da coordenação dos membros superiores e na força de preensão palmar em idosos institucionalizados. Foi também caracterizada a percepção dos idosos sobre o jogo como estratégia de reabilitação. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi conduzido um estudo quase-experimental, longitudinal, incluindo 10 idosos institucionalizados sem alterações significativas na cognição (6CIT 0-7) e na mobilidade dos membros superiores. Este grupo foi inicialmente avaliado (T0) quanto à Força de preensão manual (FPM) e quanto à coordenação dos membros superiores (Bateria de testes EUROFIT), repetindo a avaliação após 2 semanas de terapias convencionais (T1), tendo sido novamente reavaliados 2 semanas após frequentarem as terapias convencionais mais 2 horas adicionais de um programa com um jogo de tabuleiro (T2). Foi ainda coletada a perceção dos idosos sobre a experiência com o jogo. Foi comparada a evolução entre T0-T1 e T1-T2 usando o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: Apenas entre T1 e T2 ocorreram mudanças significativas na EUROFIT (p=0.005) e na FPM para ambos os membros (p=0.005; p= 0.007). Os idosos destacaram uma maior relevância do jogo no trabalho em equipe, no estímulo de raciocínio e de agilidade dos membros superiores. CONCLUSÃO: O jogo de tabuleiro é uma potencial ferramenta para completar a terapia convencional, sendo a experiência considerada muito positiva pelos idosos participantes (ClinicalTrials.gov IDIPL10062019).

INTRODUCTION: Using games as a rehabilitation strategy has significantly impacted cognitive variables in the elderly; however, its impact on physical indicators is not consensual. OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of a training program with a board game on upper limb coordination and handgrip strength of institutionalized elderly. The elderly's perception of playing a board game as a rehabilitation strategy was also characterised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal quasi-experimental study was carried out, including 10 institutionalized elderly people without significant changes in cognition (6CIT 0-7) and upper limb mobility. This group was initially evaluated (T0) for handgrip strength (HGS) and coordination of the upper limbs (EUROFIT test battery), repeating the assessment after 2 weeks of conventional therapies (T1), and also again 2 weeks after attending conventional therapies plus an additional 2 hours of a board game program (T2). The perception of the elderly about their experience with the game was also collected. The evolution between T0-T1 and T1-T2 was compared using the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Only between T1 and T2 were significant changes in EUROFIT (p=0.005) and HGS for both members (p=0.005; p= 0.007). A greater relevance of game-based program for teamwork, stimulating reasoning, and agility of the upper limbs was perceived. CONCLUSION: The board game is a potential tool to complement conventional therapy, and the experience is well perceived by the elderly participants (ClinicalTrials.gov IDIPL10062019).

Evaluation of water quality in fee-fishing ponds located in Guarapirangas sub basin, Upper Tietê River basin, São Paulo State / Avaliação da qualidade da água de pesqueiros localizados na Sub-Bacia Guarapiranga, Alto Tietê, SP

Abstract This study intended to characterize the fee-fishing ponds located in Guarapiranga's sub-basin both in terms of structure and environmental conditions. The studied region was mapped and 15 out of 24 georeferenced fee-fishing ponds had their owners interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. In addition to that, samples were collected from the seven fee-fishing ponds closest to the reservoir throughout a seasonal cycle divided in four sample collections carried out between November 2013 and August 2014, aiming at measuring the following variables in situ: water flow rates, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen concentration in affluents and effluents. Other samples were taken in order to assess total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Our results show a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration along with an increase in TP and TN concentration in effluents, as compared to affluents. TP e TN concentrations exceeded the permitted values established by CONAMA 357/2005 - Class II resolution in all effluents at least during part of the year. High nutrient levels were observed in affluents, condition with which basins that have been affected by population growth are commonly met. It was verified, by interviewing the owners regarding venture management and by analyzing the collected samples, that there is significant correlation between the daily feeding and the TP and TN levels (p=0.021 and p=0.045, respectively), with the ponds where feeding is more intense having showed the highest nutrient levels in their effluents. The results highlight the importance of mitigation measures such as educating the owners on proper water management, the installation of pond aerators in conjunction with tanks the filters of which shall be composed of aquatic macrophytes in their effluents, as well as awareness campaigns aiming to reduce the usage of dough by fishermen in order to minimize detrimental impacts on Guarapiranga's sub-basin.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou caracterizar, em termos estruturais e ambientais pesqueiros localizados na sub-bacia da Guarapiranga. A região de estudo foi mapeada, e do total de 24 pesque-pague georreferenciados, 15 foram entrevistados com os proprietários através de questionários semi-estruturados e, nos sete pesque-pagues com tributários mais próximos da represa, foram coletadas amostras de água em um ciclo sazonal divididas em quatro coletas entre novembro de 2013 a agosto de 2014. Foram medidos in situ: vazão, pH, turbidez, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido nos afluentes e efluentes, e também foram coletadas amostras de água para determinação da concentração de fósforo total (PT) e nitrogênio total (NT). Os resultados mostraram que há uma diminuição nas concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e aumento nas concentrações de PT e NT nos efluentes em relação aos afluentes. Os efluentes apresentaram valores de PT e NT acima dos limites permitidos pela resolução CONAMA 357/2005 - Classe II, ao menos em um período do ano. Também foram identificados afluentes com cargas elevadas de nutrientes, característica de bacias impactadas pelo adensamento populacional. Através do questionário aplicado aos proprietários sobre o manejo dos empreendimentos e pelas análises de água verificou-se que houve correlação significativa entre o arraçoamento diário e as cargas de PT e de NT (p=0,021 e p=0,045, respectivamente), sendo que nos locais onde o arraçoamento foi mais intenso, a carga de nutrientes nos efluentes foi maior. Os resultados evidenciam a importância de medidas mitigadoras como orientações aos proprietários para o manejo adequado dos lagos, projetos de educação ambiental com os usuários para diminuir do uso de ceva para a captura dos peixes, além da instalação de aeradores artificiais nos lagos e tanques com filtros compostos de macrófitas aquáticas nos seus efluentes, minimizando os impactos na sub-bacia do Guarapiranga.

Actividad física recreativa en niños y adolescentes: situación actual, indicaciones y beneficios / Recreational physical activity in children and adolescents: current situation, indications and benefits

Actividad física se considera a cualquier movimiento corporal producido por los músculos esqueléticos, con el consiguiente consumo de energía. Los niños que hacen actividad física logran beneficios en diversos aspectos: condición física, psicológica, social, desarrollo de hábitos saludables, mejora en la calidad de vida adulta. Esta actividad física debe ser voluntaria, desarrollada en los tiempos libres, y generar placer y alegría, lo que contribuirá a la salud física y psicológica. Favorece la creatividad y las relaciones sociales y de comunicación. Promueve la educación en hábitos saludables para la vida adulta. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud la actividad física es un pilar para combatir el flagelo de la obesidad y el sobrepeso, y una herramienta para disminuir el sedentarismo mundial de aquí al 2030. (AU)

Physical activity is considered as any body movement produced by skeletal muscles, which consumes energy. Children who do physical activity achieve benefits in various aspects: physical, psychological, social condition, develop of healthy habits, improvement of quality in adult life. Physical activity must be voluntary, developed in leisure time, and shall generate pleasure and joy. This way physical activity contributes with physical and psychological health. It also promotes creativity as much as sociable and communicational relationships. At the same time, physical activity encourages, promotes the education in healthy habits for adult life. According to the World Health Organization, physical activity is a pillar to combat the scourge of obesity and the overweight. It is a tool to reduce world sedentary lifestyle by 2030. (AU)

Acciones para el desarrollo del voleibol sentado como alternativa recreativa comunitaria / Actions for the development of sitting volleyball as a community recreational alternative

RESUMEN El trabajo titulado «Acciones para el desarrollo del voleibol sentado como alternativa recreativa comunitaria¼ tuvo como objetivo elaborar un plan de acciones para el desarrollo del voleibol sentado, como alternativa recreativa comunitaria en la Isla de la Juventud, con el propósito de ofertar a la población fundamentalmente joven de una nueva forma sana de diversión, preparación física, salud y ocio; tomando en consideración los espacios físicos, culturales y sociales con un uso adecuado del tiempo libre. Durante el desarrollo del mismo se emplearon los métodos de investigación teóricos (histórico lógico, análisis síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y documental) y empíricos (observación científica, encuesta, entrevistas), así como el empleo de la matriz DAFO (Debilidades, Amenazas, Fortalezas y Oportunidades) como método de definición estratégica en la conformación de las acciones. Todo esto permitió enfrentar las diferentes situaciones investigativas que se presentaron durante todo el período de búsqueda de información, recopilación de datos, selección y elaboración del plan de acciones para el desarrollo del voleibol sentado como alternativa recreativa comunitaria. De una población de 199 sujetos, se tomó una muestra de 62, lo que representó el 31,15% de la misma. Estuvo compuesta por 57 jóvenes entre 16-25 años (23 masculinos y 34 féminas), 3 miembros del Consejo Popular (2 masculinos y 1 femenina) y 2 técnicos o activistas (ambos masculinos) de la comunidad «José Martí¼ en la Isla de la Juventud. Los resultados obtenidos en la estructuración y planificación de actividades recreativas comunitarias y en la inclusión del voleibol sentado, como alternativa recreativa en los programas comunitarios, permitieron concluir que las acciones propuestas contribuirán al desarrollo del voleibol sentado, como alternativa recreativa; por ende, una mejor calidad de vida en la comunidad.

ABSTRACT The work entitled "Actions for the development of sitting volleyball as a community recreational alternative"; had the objective to design a plan of actions for the development of sitting volleyball as a recreational community alternative in La Isla de la Juventud, with the purpose of offering the population, mainly young people, a new healthy form of entertainment, physical preparation, health and leisure; taking into consideration the physical, cultural and social spaces with an appropriate use of free time. During its development there were used theoretical research methods (historical-logical, analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and documentary); empirical methods (scientific observation, survey, interviews), as well as the SWOT matrix (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) as a method of strategic definition in the conformation of actions. All these allowed to face the different research situations that were presented during the entire period of information search, data collection, selection and preparation of the action plan for the development of sitting volleyball as a community recreational alternative. From a population of 199 individuals, a sample of 62 was taken; what represented 31.15% of it. It consisted of 57 young people between 16-25 years old (23 men and 34 women), 3 members of the Popular Council (2 men and 1 women) and 2 technicians and activists (both male) from "José Martí" community in La Isla de la Juventud. The results obtained in the structuring and planning of community recreational activities and in the inclusion of sitting volleyball as a recreational alternative in community programs allowed concluding that the proposed actions will contribute to the development of sitting volleyball as a recreational alternative and therefore; a better quality of life in the community.

Novas dinâmicas de lazer: as fábricas de cerveja no Rio de Janeiro do século XIX (1856-1884) / New leisure dynamics: beer factories in 19th-century Rio de Janeiro (1856-1884) / Nuevas dinámicas de ocio: las fábricas de cerveza en el Rio de Janeiro del siglo XIX (1856-1884)

No Rio de Janeiro de meados do século XIX, percebe-se uma maior estruturação de um mercado de entretenimentos, relacionado, inclusive, à conformação de uma sociedade civil que se diversificava socioeconomicamente. Tendo em conta ampliar o olhar sobre essa dinâmica social, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência de um tipo de estabelecimento que articulava as "artes industriais" com a oferta de alternativas de diversão: fábricas de cerveja localizadas na região central da capital. Trata-se fundamentalmente de uma abordagem histórica da cidade a partir de um de seus divertimentos

In mid-19th-century Rio de Janeiro, an entertainment market emerged related to the establishment of a civil society that was diversifying socioeconomically. In order to broaden perspectives on that social dynamics, this study discusses the experience of one type of business that connected "industrial arts" with a supply of leisure alternatives: beer factories located in Rio's central area. It is a history of the city based on one of its leisure activities

En el Rio de Janeiro de mediados del siglo XIX, se observa una mayor estructuración de un mercado de entretenimiento, relacionado, incluso, a la formación de una sociedad civil que se diversificaba socioeconómicamente. Para extender la mirada sobre esa dinámica social, este estudio tiene el objetivo de discutir la experiencia de un tipo de establecimiento que articulaba las "artes industriales" con la oferta de alternativas de diversión: fábricas de cerveza situadas en la región central de la capital. Se trata básicamente de un abordaje histórico de la ciudad a partir de una de sus opciones de diversión

La promoción de estilos de vida saludable aprovechando los espacios públicos / Promotion of healthy lifestyles taking advantage of public spaces / A promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis aproveitando os espaços públicos / La promotion de modes de vie sains en tirant profit des espaces publics

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la influencia que tienen el entorno físico y los aspectos sociales de los espacios públicos en la activación física y el bienestar de los ciudadanos, con el fin de identificar oportunidades para diseñar estrategias de mercadotecnia social que fomenten la salud y el bienestar entre los ciudadanos. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio mixto en dos etapas: observación y análisis de los atributos físicos de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila en base al modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicación de encuestas en línea a 168 adultos utilizando las escalas de bienestar percibido y de valoración de las Ciclovías. Resultados: Los hallazgos sugieren que la existencia de espacios públicos apropiados para ejercitarse y convivir con otros resulta atractiva para los participantes en el estudio, quienes señalan que la Ruta Recreativa estudiada ofrece el entorno adecuado para alcanzar sus metas de salud y relacionarse con personas con intereses similares. Conclusiones: Existe un interés de los visitantes a la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila por alcanzar mejores niveles de salud y bienestar, lo cual puede ser aprovechado por empresas y organismos públicos para diseñar e implementar estrategias e intervenciones de mercadotecnia social orientadas a la promoción de la salud y el cambio de hábitos, utilizando los espacios abiertos que la Ruta Recreativa ofrece y llegar así a un mayor número de ciudadanos.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the influence of physical environment and social aspects of public spaces on the physical activation and well-being of citizens, in order to identify opportunities to design social marketing strategies that promote health and wellbeing among citizens. Materials and methods: A mixed study was carried out in two stages: observation and analysis of the physical attributes of the Saltillo Recreational Route, Coahuila based on the Servipanoramas model; Application of online surveys to 168 adults using the perceived well-being and assessment scales of the Ciclovias. Results: The findings suggest that the existence of appropriate public spaces to exercise and coexist with others is attractive to the participants in the study, who point out that the recreational route studied offers the right environment to reach their health goals and interact with people with similar interests. Conclusions: There is an interest of the visitors to the Recreational Route of Saltillo, Coahuila for achieving better levels of health and well-being, which can be used by companies and public bodies to design and implement strategies and interventions of social marketing oriented to the promotion of Health and change of habits, using the open spaces that the Recreational Route offers and reach a greater number of citizens.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a influência que tem o meio físico e os aspetos sociais dos espaços públicos na atividade física e no bem-estar dos cidadaos, com o fim de identificar oportunidades para desenhar estratégias de marketing social que fomentem a saúde e o bem-estar dos cidadaos. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo misto em duas etapas: observação e análise dos atributos físicos da "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila" tendo por base o modelo de Servipanoramas; aplicação de inquéritos a 168 adultos utilizando as escalas de bem-estar percebido e de valorização das ciclovias. Resultados: Foi sugerido que a existencia de espa9os públicos apropriados para fazer exercício e conviver com outras pessoas, resulta atractivo para os participantes no estudo. Estes assinalaram que a rota recreativa estudada oferece o ambiente adequado para alcaçar as suas metas de saúde e relacionar-se com pessoas com intereses similares. Conclusões: Existe un interesse dos visitantes pela "Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila", porque permite alcafar melhores níveis de saúde e de bem-estar. Este facto pode ser aproveitado por empresas e organismos públicos para desenhar e implementar estratégias de marketing social orientadas para a promoção da saúde e para a mudança de hábitos, utilizando os espaços ao ar libre que a rota oferece.

Résumé Objectif: Analyser l'influence de l'environnement physique et des aspects sociaux des espaces publics sur l'activation physique et le bien-etre des citoyens afin d'identifier les possibilités de concevoir des stratégies de marketing social pour promouvoir la santé et le bien-etre parmi les citoyens. Matériels et méthodes: Une étude mixte a été réalisée en deux étapes: observation et analyse des caractéristiques physiques de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo (Itinéraire Récréatif de Saltillo), dans l'état de Coahuila, d'apres le modele de Servipanoramas; et application d'enquetes en ligne a168 adultes en utilisant les échelles de bien-etre per9u et d'évaluation des pistes cyclables. Résultats: Les résultats suggerent que l'existence d'espaces publics appropriés pour réaliser des activités physiques et partager du temps avec d'autres personnes est attrayante pour les participants a l'étude. Ceux-ci indiquent que la Ruta Recreativa étudiée offre l'environnement approprié pour atteindre leurs objectifs de santé et interagir avec des personnes ayant des intérets similaires. Conclusions: Il existe un intéret des visiteurs de la Ruta Recreativa de Saltillo, Coahuila, pour améliorer leur santé et leur bien-etre. Les entreprises et les organismes publics peuvent en profiter pour concevoir et mettre en reuvre des stratégies et des interventions de marketing social visant a promouvoir la santé et le changement de comportement en utilisant les espaces ouverts qu'offrent la Ruta Recreativa pour qu'un plus grand nombre de citoyens en bénéficient.

Evaluation of water quality in fee-fishing ponds located in Guarapirangas sub basin, Upper Tietê River basin, São Paulo State

Abstract This study intended to characterize the fee-fishing ponds located in Guarapiranga's sub-basin both in terms of structure and environmental conditions. The studied region was mapped and 15 out of 24 georeferenced fee-fishing ponds had their owners interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires. In addition to that, samples were collected from the seven fee-fishing ponds closest to the reservoir throughout a seasonal cycle divided in four sample collections carried out between November 2013 and August 2014, aiming at measuring the following variables in situ: water flow rates, pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen concentration in affluents and effluents. Other samples were taken in order to assess total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Our results show a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration along with an increase in TP and TN concentration in effluents, as compared to affluents. TP e TN concentrations exceeded the permitted values established by CONAMA 357/2005 Class II resolution in all effluents at least during part of the year. High nutrient levels were observed in affluents, condition with which basins that have been affected by population growth are commonly met. It was verified, by interviewing the owners regarding venture management and by analyzing the collected samples, that there is significant correlation between the daily feeding and the TP and TN levels (p=0.021 and p=0.045, respectively), with the ponds where feeding is more intense having showed the highest nutrient levels in their effluents. The results highlight the importance of mitigation measures such as educating the owners on proper water management, the installation of pond aerators in conjunction with tanks the filters of which shall be composed of aquatic macrophytes in their effluents, as well as awareness campaigns aiming to reduce the usage of dough by fishermen in order to minimize detrimental impacts on Guarapirangas sub-basin.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou caracterizar, em termos estruturais e ambientais pesqueiros localizados na sub-bacia da Guarapiranga. A região de estudo foi mapeada, e do total de 24 pesque-pague georreferenciados, 15 foram entrevistados com os proprietários através de questionários semi-estruturados e, nos sete pesque-pagues com tributários mais próximos da represa, foram coletadas amostras de água em um ciclo sazonal divididas em quatro coletas entre novembro de 2013 a agosto de 2014. Foram medidos in situ: vazão, pH, turbidez, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido nos afluentes e efluentes, e também foram coletadas amostras de água para determinação da concentração de fósforo total (PT) e nitrogênio total (NT). Os resultados mostraram que há uma diminuição nas concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido e aumento nas concentrações de PT e NT nos efluentes em relação aos afluentes. Os efluentes apresentaram valores de PT e NT acima dos limites permitidos pela resolução CONAMA 357/2005 Classe II, ao menos em um período do ano. Também foram identificados afluentes com cargas elevadas de nutrientes, característica de bacias impactadas pelo adensamento populacional. Através do questionário aplicado aos proprietários sobre o manejo dos empreendimentos e pelas análises de água verificou-se que houve correlação significativa entre o arraçoamento diário e as cargas de PT e de NT (p=0,021 e p=0,045, respectivamente), sendo que nos locais onde o arraçoamento foi mais intenso, a carga de nutrientes nos efluentes foi maior. Os resultados evidenciam a importância de medidas mitigadoras como orientações aos proprietários para o manejo adequado dos lagos, projetos de educação ambiental com os usuários para diminuir do uso de ceva para a captura dos peixes, além da instalação de aeradores artificiais nos lagos e tanques com filtros compostos de macrófitas aquáticas nos seus efluentes, minimizando os impactos na sub-bacia do Guarapiranga.

Dynamic catch trends in the history of recreational spearfishing in Australia.

The sustained decline in marine fisheries worldwide underscores the need to understand and monitor fisheries trends and fisher behavior. Recreational fisheries are unique in that they are not subject to the typical drivers that influence commercial and artisanal fisheries (e.g., markets or food security). Nevertheless, although exposed to a different set of drivers (i.e., interest or relaxation), recreational fisheries can contribute to fishery declines. Recreational fisheries are also difficult to assess due to an absence of past monitoring and traditional fisheries data. Therefore, we utilized a nontraditional data source (a chronology of spearfishing publications) to document historical trends in recreational spearfishing in Australia between 1952 and 2009. We extracted data on reported fish captures, advertising, and spearfisher commentary and used regression models and ordination analyses to assess historical change. The proportion of coastal fish captures reported declined approximately 80%, whereas the proportion of coral reef and pelagic fish reports increased 1750% and 560%, respectively. Catch composition shifted markedly from coastal temperate or subtropical fishes during the 1950s to 1970s to coral reef and pelagic species in the 1990s to 2000s. Advertising data and commentary by spearfishers indicated that pelagic fish species became desired targets. The mean weight of trophy coral reef fishes also declined significantly over the study period (from approximately 30-8 kg). Recreational fishing presents a highly dynamic social-ecological interface and a challenge for management. Our results emphasize the need for regulatory agencies to work closely with recreational fishing bodies to observe fisher behavior, detect shifts in target species or fishing intensity, and adapt regulatory measures.

Clinical and pathological features of melanoma in europeans living on the Western costa del sol in southern Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and pathological features of melanoma in Spanish patients with those of patients from Central or Northern Europe living in the health district of Costa del Sol Occidental in southern Spain. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study of all cases of primary cutaneous melanoma histologically confirmed between 2005 and 2011 in the health care district covered by Hospital Costa del Sol in Marbella. We analyzed clinical and pathological features and performed a descriptive analysis of the 2 populations, in addition to univariate analysis with place of birth (Spain vs Central or Northern Europe) as the independent variable. RESULTS: Compared with Spaniards, patients from Central or Northern Europe were 10 years older at the time of melanoma diagnosis (66.2 vs 56.2 years, P<.001), had lighter skin (types I or II) (90.3% vs 67.1%, P<.001), and greater recreational sun exposure (93.7% vs 66.2%, P<.001). In addition, multiple melanomas (17.6% vs 4.4%, P=.001), nonmelanoma skin cancer (47.2% vs 15.7%, P<.001), and a family history of melanoma (9.5% vs 2.3%, P=.01) were more common in these patients. Central and Northern Europeans also had a higher overall frequency of melanoma on the trunk (46.3% vs 38.7%) and melanoma in situ (54.7% vs 41.8%, P=.03). CONCLUSION: Differences in melanoma presentation between Spanish patients and patients from Central or Northern Europe appear to be linked to phenotypic and lifestyle factors. A better understanding of these differences will help to tailor melanoma prevention and follow-up programs for multicultural populations, such as those on Spain's Costa del Sol.

Factores que inciden en la participación social de los adultos mayores en actividades físico-recreativas / Factors affecting social participation of older adults in recreational physical activity

Esta investigación se enmarcó en la temática de ocupación y adulto mayor activo, con el propósito de dar respuesta a la pregunta de investigación ¿Qué factores inciden en la participación social del adulto mayor en actividades físico-recreativas?, orientándose a aquellos factores facilitadores u obstaculizadores de dicha participación. Para este objetivo realizamos entrevistas en profundidad a cuatro personas que cumplieron los criterios muestrales establecidos para el estudio, que corresponden a: adultos mayores que se reconozcan a sí mismos como activos, que participen hace al menos un año en actividades físico-recreativas, como mínimo una vez por semana en el último año. Para el análisis de datos de esta investigación cualitativa utilizamos la técnica de análisis de contenido desde el relato de los participantes, obteniendo como principales factores facilitadores de esta participación el intercambio de recursos no tangibles, la motivación, el cuerpo vivido, la trayectoria de vida, la habituación y la accesibilidad, como factores que influyen en la participación de adultos mayores. Además de los mencionados existe una variedad de factores que interactúan entre sí, determinando atrayentes relaciones inter e intra factoriales, donde identificamos aspectos transversales a las distintas temáticas abordadas en esta investigación que posibilitan la apertura de nuevas líneas de investigación para la ciencia de la ocupación y terapia ocupacional.

This research was part of the issue of occupation and active older adult, setting a goal to answer the research question: what factors influence the social participation of the elderly, specifically in recreational physical activity?, aiming specifically those factors that emerge as facilitators or impede participation. To achieve this objective, in-depth interviews were conducted to four people who met the criteria established for the study sample, corresponding to: older adult who recognize themselves as active, involved at least a year in recreational physical activity, and as at least once a week in the last year. This exploratory qualitative used the technique of content analysis from the account of participants, having as main findings of this participation facilitating factors, where the most significant relate to: exchange of intangible resources, motivation, lived body, path of life, habituation and accessibility, which relate primarily to factors relating to that person, being a powerful accessibility elderly external prism that influences their involvement in such activities. In addition there was a variety of factors that interact with each other attractive determining relationships within and between categories, which identified issues which cut across the different themes addressed in this research. Finally, note that the nature of this study enables the opening of new lines of research that may contribute to the occupation science and occupational therapy.

Programa Sigamos Aprendiendo en el Hospital en el INCICH / \"Keep on learning\" program at a Hospital in the \"Ignacio Chávez\" National Institute of Cardiology (ICHNIC)", "_i": "

El Programa Sigamos Aprendiendo en el Hospital fue implementadoen el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Cháveza finales del año 2005, ha representado un medio para ofreceractividades de tipo educativo en la vertiente formal, no formal yrecreativa en el paciente ambulatorio en edad pediátrica y adulta,así como también a familiares y trabajadores; los beneficioscon este programa son disminuir los procesos de angustia, estrésy depresión generados por el entorno hospitalario y favoreceruna mejor adaptación. Esta iniciativa institucional es unaoportunidad para los pacientes, familiares y trabajadores, queviven con rezago y deserción escolar para que puedan continuary concluir su educación básica.

The program Following Learning at the Hospital was createdby National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chavez at the end ofyear 2005. This program is bases on idea that include academic,professional, and social life, but also in vital higher-order skills(abilities). This program offer non formal way recreatives activitiesto the patient at the old ages and pediatric patients, as wellas to relatives and workers; the benefits with the program arelow process in order to avoid stress, depression wich generatedby the environment at hospitalization and to favor one better adaptation.This institutional initiative is an opportunity for thepatients, relatives and workers, who live with a leave behindand scholastic desertion so that they can continue and concludehis basic education.