Organic Connection of Holobiont Components and the Essential Roles of Core Microbes in the Holobiont Formation of Feral Brassica napus.

Brassica napus (Rapeseed) is an econfomically important oil-producing crop. The microbial interactions in the plant holobiont are fundamental to the understanding of plant growth and health. To investigate the microbial dynamics in the holobiont of feral B. napus, a total of 215 holobiont samples, comprised of bulk soil, primary root, lateral root, dead leaf, caulosphere, basal leaf, apical leaf, carposphere, and anthosphere, were collected from five different grassland sites in South Korea. The soil properties differed in different sampling sites, but prokaryotic communities were segregated according to plant holobiont components. The structures of the site-specific SparCC networks were similar across the regions. Recurrent patterns were found in the plant holobionts in the recurrent network. Ralstonia sp., Massilia sp., and Rhizobium clusters were observed consistently and were identified as core taxa in the phyllosphere, dead leaf microbiome, and rhizosphere, respectively. Arthropod-related microbes, such as Wolbachia sp., Gilliamella sp., and Corynebacteriales amplicon sequence variants, were found in the anthosphere. PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that microbes also possessed specific functions related to holobiont components, such as functions related to degradation pathways in the dead leaf microbiome. Structural equation modeling analysis showed the organic connections among holobiont components and the essential roles of the core microbes in the holobiont formations in natural ecosystem. Microbes coexisting in a specific plant showed relatively stable community structures, even though the regions and soil characteristics were different. Microbes in each plant component were organically connected to form their own plant holobiont. In addition, plant-related microbes, especially core microbes in each holobiont, showed recurrent interaction patterns that are essential to an understanding of the survival and coexistence of plant microbes in natural ecosystems.

Postoperative recurrent pattern and the lymph node metastatic stations of the thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective@#To investigate postoperative recurrent pattern of the thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC), aiming to provide a basis for the delineation of postoperative radiotherapy volume for TESCC.@*Methods@#Clinical data of 66 TESCC patients who recurred after the radical esophagectomy in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2011 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the AJCC 8th edition-defined classification of esophageal carcinoma, regional lymph node stations 1 to 8M were defined as the upper-middle mediastinum region (UMMR), and stations 8Lo, 9 and 15 were defined as the inferior mediastinum region (IMR), stations 16 to 20 were regarded as the upper abdominal lymph node region (UAR).@*Results@#Among all 66 patients, 41 cases (62%) experienced loco-regional recurrence alone, 25 cases (38%) presented with distant metastasis alone. A total of 54 patients with 148 lymph node recurred after treatment. The highest risk region of lymph node recurrence was UMMR (118/148, 80%), after that, followed by UAR (24/148, 17%). With regard to 9 cases of UAR, 6 patients had lower TESCC, and 8 patients (89%) were graded as ≥ pathological stage Ⅲ.@*Conclusions@#The highest risk region of lymph node recurrence is UMMR in TESCC patients undergoing radical esophagectomy, which should be considered as the target volume in postoperative radiotherapy. For patients with lower TESCC ≥ pathological stage Ⅲ, UAR might be the target volume with cautions. Anastomosis and IMR are probably not the routine treatment volumes.

Postoperative recurrent pattern and the lymph node metastatic stations of the thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate postoperative recurrent pattern of the thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC),aiming to provide a basis for the delineation of postoperative radiotherapy volume for TESCC.Methods Clinical data of 66 TESCC patients who recurred after the radical esophagectomy in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from 2011 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the AJCC 8th edition-defined classification of esophageal carcinoma,regional lymph node stations Ⅰ to 8M were defined as the upper-middle mediastinum region (UMMR),and stations 8Lo,9 and 15 were defined as the inferior mediastinum region (IMR),stations 16 to 20 were regarded as the upper abdominal lymph node region (UAR).Results Among all 66 patients,41 cases (62％) experienced locoregional recurrence alone,25 cases (38％) presented with distant metastasis alone.A total of 54 patients with 148 lymph node recurred after treatment.The highest risk region of lymph node recurrence was UMMR (118/148,80％),after that,followed by UAR (24/148,17％).With regard to 9 cases of UAR,6 patients had lower TESCC,and 8 patients (89％) were graded as ≥ pathological stage Ⅲ.Conclusions The highest risk region of lymph node recurrence is UMMR in TESCC patients undergoing radical esophagectomy,which should be considered as the target volume in postoperative radiotherapy.For patients with lower TESCC ≥ pathological stage Ⅲ,UAR might be the target volume with cautions.Anastomosis and IMR are probably not the routine treatment volumes.

Resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with recurrence limited in lung have a significantly better prognosis than those with other recurrence patterns.

The majority of patients with curative resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma recur within 5 years of resection. However, the prognosis associated with different patterns of recurrence has not been well studied. A retrospective review of patients who underwent curative surgical resection of pancreatic cancer was performed. Of the 209 patients, 174 patients developed recurrent disease. Of these 174, 28(16.1%) had recurrent disease limited to lung metastases, 20(11.5%) had recurrence in the lung plus one or more other sites excluding the liver, 73(42.0%) had liver metastasis alone or liver metastasis with any other site except lung, 28(16.1%) local recurrence only, and 25(14.3%) peritoneal recurrence alone or together with local recurrence. Patients with recurrence limited to lung had a 8.5 months(Mo) median survival from recurrence to death, which was significantly better than the survival associated with recurrence in the liver(5.1Mo), in the peritoneum(2.3Mo) or locally(5.1Mo) in multivariable analyses. Among all groups, the time from surgery to the diagnosis of recurrence in patients who recurred in only in the lung was also the longest. However, 75% of patients were found to have indeterminate lung nodules on their surveillance CT scans prior to the diagnosis of recurrence in lung. This delayed diagnosis of lung recurrence may have a negative impact on survival after recurrence. In conclusion, pancreatic cancer with lung recurrence has a significantly better prognosis than recurrence in other sites. Further studies are needed to investigate how different diagnostic and treatment modalities affect the survival of this unique subpopulation of pancreatic cancer patients.