The textbook outcome for cholecystectomy: Is it a good quality tool for a low-morbidity procedure?

INTRODUCTION: Cholelithiasis is the most common hospital diagnosis of the digestive system, and its treatment, if symptomatic, is laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is a growing need for comprehensive determination of postoperative outcomes and the efficiency of healthcare facilities. The "textbook outcome"(TO) indicates the quality of care commonly used in oncological procedures, obtained by adding several postoperative parameters, which informs whether a perfect result has been obtained. The main objective of this study is to determine the TO for cholecystectomy and to see the factors that influence its achievement. METHODS: Retrospective observational unicentric cohort study on patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 2018-2020. We defined TO as those patients who met the following premises: Clavien-Dindo complications < III, postsurgical stay less than the 75th percentile (<3 days), and no readmissions or mortality in the first ninety days. Perioperative characteristics were analyzed, and the patients were divided into two groups according to whether or not they achieved TO. We defined criteria for difficult cholecystectomy according to the operative report. RESULTS: The percentage of TO was 72% (342/475) (82.6% in elective surgery and 60.5% in urgent surgery). The univariate analysis showed that the following factors are associated with achieving TO: female sex, age <63 years, ASA risk < III, elective surgery, laparoscopic approach, and not difficult cholecystectomy. After multivariate analysis ASA < III (OR 2.39 CI95% 1.37-4.16), elective surgery (OR 2.77 CI95% 1.64-4.67), laparoscopic approach (OR 5.71 CI95% 2.89-11.30) and not to be difficult cholecystectomy (OR 0.42 CI95% 0.259-0.71) remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The TO is a healthcare quality tool that is simple to perform, easily interpretable, and helpful for evaluating quality in healthcare and comparing centers. It applies not only to oncological procedures but also to cholecystectomy.

Reingreso hospitalario a 30 días en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades crónicas complejas / Thirty-day readmissions in children with complex chronic conditions

Introducción: La tasa de reingreso hospitalario a 30 días del alta es una medida de calidad de la atención médica. Los pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades crónicas complejas tienen altas tasas de reingreso. La falla en la transición entre el cuidado hospitalario y domiciliario podría explicar este fenómeno. Objetivos: Estimar la tasa de incidencia de reingreso hospitalario a 30 días en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedades crónicas complejas, estimar cuántos son potencialmente prevenibles y explorar posibles factores asociados a reingreso. Materiales y método: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo incluyendo pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades crónicas complejas de un mes a 18 años de edad. Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedad oncológica y cardiopatías congénitas. Se evaluaron el reingreso a 30 días y el reingreso potencialmente prevenible. Se valoraron características sociodemográficas, geográficas, clínicas y de la transición hacia el cuidado domiciliario. Resultados: Se incluyeron 171 hospitalizaciones; dentro de los 30 días reingresaron 28 pacientes (16,4%; IC95% 11,6-22,7). De los 28 reingresos, 23 (82,1%; IC95% 64,4-92,1) fueron potencialmente prevenibles. La enfermedad respiratoria se asoció con mayor probabilidad de reingreso. No se encontró asociación entre el reingreso a 30 días y los factores de la transición al cuidado domiciliario evaluados. Conclusiones: La tasa de reingreso a 30 días en pacientes con enfermedad crónica compleja fue del 16,4%, y el 82,1% fueron potencialmente prevenibles. Únicamente la enfermedad respiratoria se comportó como factor de riesgo para reingreso a 30 días.(AU)

Introduction: The rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is a quality indicator in health care. Paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions have high readmission rates. Failure in the transition between hospital and home care could explain this phenomenon. Objectives: To estimate the incidence rate of 30-day hospital readmission in paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions, estimate how many are potentially preventable and explore factors associated with readmission. Materials and method: Cohort study including hospitalized patients with complex chronic conditions aged one month to 18 years. Patients with cancer or with congenital heart disease requiring surgical correction were excluded. The outcomes assessed were 30-day readmission rate and potentially preventable readmissions. We analysed sociodemographic, geographic, clinical and transition to home care characteristics as factors potentially associated with readmission. Results: The study included 171 hospitalizations, and 28 patients were readmitted within 30 days (16.4%; 95% CI, 11.6–22.7). Of the 28 readmissions, 23 were potentially preventable (82.1%; 95% CI, 64.4–92.1). Respiratory disease was associated with a higher probability of readmission. There was no association between 30-day readmission and the characteristics of the transition to home care. Conclusions: The 30-day readmission rate in patients with complex chronic disease was 16.4%, and 82.1% of readmissions were potentially preventable. Respiratory disease was the only identified risk factor for 30-day readmission.(AU)

Thirty-day readmissions in children with complex chronic conditions.

INTRODUCTION: The rate of hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge is a quality indicator in health care. Paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions have high readmission rates. Failure in the transition between hospital and home care could explain this phenomenon. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence rate of 30-day hospital readmission in paediatric patients with complex chronic conditions, estimate how many are potentially preventable and explore factors associated with readmission. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Cohort study including hospitalised patients with complex chronic conditions aged 1 month to 18 years. Patients with cancer or with congenital heart disease requiring surgical correction were excluded. The outcomes assessed were 30-day readmission rate and potentially preventable readmissions. We analysed sociodemographic, geographic, clinical and transition to home care characteristics as factors potentially associated with readmission. RESULTS: The study included 171 hospitalizations, and 28 patients were readmitted within 30 days (16.4%; 95% CI, 11.6%-22.7%). Of the 28 readmissions, 23 were potentially preventable (82.1%; 95% CI, 64.4%-92.1%). Respiratory disease was associated with a higher probability of readmission. There was no association between 30-day readmission and the characteristics of the transition to home care. CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day readmission rate in patients with complex chronic disease was 16.4%, and 82.1% of readmissions were potentially preventable. Respiratory disease was the only identified risk factor for 30-day readmission.

Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Predictors and clinical impact / Impacto clínico a medio plazo de la mejoría de la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca con fracción de eyección reducida

Background A percentage of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the evolution. This entity, defined for the first time in an international consensus as heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF), could have a different clinical profile and prognosis than HFrEF. Our main aim was to analyze the differential clinical profile between the two entities, as well as the mid-term prognosis. Material-methods Prospective study of a cohort of patients with HFrEF who had echocardiographic data at baseline and follow-up. A comparative analysis of patients who improved LVEF with those who did not was made. Clinical, echocardiographic and therapeutic variables were analyzed, and the mid-term impact in terms of mortality and hospital readmissions for HF was assessed. Results Ninety patients were analyzed. Mean age was 66.5(10.4) years, with a male predominance (72.2%). Forty five patients (50%) improved LVEF (Group-1,HFimpEF) and forty five patients (50%) sustained reduced LVEF (Group-2,HFsrEF). The mean time to LVEF improvement in Group-1 was 12.6(5.7) months. Group-1 had a more favorable clinical profile: lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, higher prevalence of de novo HF (75.6% vs. 42.2%; p<0.05), lower prevalence of ischemic etiology (22.2% vs. 42.2%; p<0.05), with less basal dilatation of the left ventricle. At the end of follow-up (mean 19(1) months) Group-1 had a lower hospital readmission rate (3.1% vs. 26.7%; p<0.01), as well as lower mortality (0% vs. 24.4%; p<0.01). Conclusion Patients with HFimpEF seem to have a better mid-term prognosis in terms of reduced mortality and hospital admissions. This improvement could be conditioned by the clinical profile of patients HFimpEF (AU)

Introducción Un porcentaje de pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y fracción de eyección reducida (IC-FEr) mejoran la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) en la evolución. Esta entidad se ha definido por primera vez en un consenso internacional como insuficiencia cardiaca y fracción de eyección mejorada (IC-FEm), y podría tener un perfil y pronóstico diferente que IC-FEr. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el perfil de ambas entidades y su pronóstico a medio plazo. Material y métodos Estudio prospective de una cohorte de pacientes con IC-FEr que tenían datos ecocardiográficos basales y en el seguimiento. Se hizo un análisis comparativo de pacientes con IC-FEm y pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca y IC-FEpr. Se analizaron variables clínicas, ecocardiográficas y de tratamiento; el impacto clínico a medio plazo se analizó en términos de mortalidad y reingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia cardiaca. Resultados Se analizaron 90 pacientes, edad media 66,5 (10,4) años (72,2% mujeres). La mitad de los pacientes mejoraron su FEVI, con un tiempo medio hasta la mejoría de 12,6 (5,7) meses. El grupo IC-FEm tenía un perfil clínico más favorable: menor proporción de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, prevalencia más elevada de IC-novo (75,6 vs. 42,2%; p < 0,05), y menor proporción de isquemia (22,2 vs. 42.2%; p < 0,05). Los pacientes con IC-FEm en el seguimiento a medio plazo tenían menor tasa de reingresos (3,1 vs. 26,7%; p < 0,01), y mortalidad (0 vs. 24,4%; p < 0,01). Conclusión Pacientes con IC-FEm parecen tener un mejor pronóstico en términos de mortalidad y reingresos hospitalarios por insuficiencia cardiaca (IC). Esta mejoría clínica podría estar condicionada por el perfil de los pacientes con IC-FEm (AU)

Improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Predictors and clinical impact.

BACKGROUND: A percentage of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in the evolution. This entity, defined for the first time in an international consensus as heart failure with improved ejection fraction (HFimpEF), could have a different clinical profile and prognosis than HFrEF. Our main aim was to analyze the differential clinical profile between the two entities, as well as the mid-term prognosis. MATERIAL-METHODS: Prospective study of a cohort of patients with HFrEF who had echocardiographic data at baseline and follow-up. A comparative analysis of patients who improved LVEF with those who did not was made. Clinical, echocardiographic and therapeutic variables were analyzed, and the mid-term impact in terms of mortality and hospital readmissions for HF was assessed. RESULTS: Ninety patients were analyzed. Mean age was 66.5(10.4) years, with a male predominance (72.2%). Forty five patients (50%) improved LVEF (Group-1,HFimpEF) and forty five patients (50%) sustained reduced LVEF (Group-2,HFsrEF). The mean time to LVEF improvement in Group-1 was 12.6(5.7) months. Group-1 had a more favorable clinical profile: lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, higher prevalence of de novo HF (75.6% vs. 42.2%; p<0.05), lower prevalence of ischemic etiology (22.2% vs. 42.2%; p<0.05), with less basal dilatation of the left ventricle. At the end of follow-up (mean 19(1) months) Group-1 had a lower hospital readmission rate (3.1% vs. 26.7%; p<0.01), as well as lower mortality (0% vs. 24.4%; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Patients with HFimpEF seem to have a better mid-term prognosis in terms of reduced mortality and hospital admissions. This improvement could be conditioned by the clinical profile of patients HFimpEF.

El modelo Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and related costs (COHERENT). Aplicación en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca / The Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and related costs (COHERENT) model. Application in heart failure patients

Introducción y objetivos: Los resultados combinados se utilizan ampliamente, pero tienen diversas limitaciones. El modelo Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization and related costs (COHERENT) es una aproximación nueva para presentar y comparar visualmente todos los componentes de los resultados combinados (incidencia, tiempo, duración) y los costes relacionados. El objetivo es evaluar su utilidad en una cohorte de pacientes. Métodos: Se diseñó un sistema de colores que representa gráficamente el porcentaje de pacientes en cada situación clínica (estado vital y ubicación: domicilio, urgencias, hospital), codificada jerárquicamente, en cada momento del seguimiento. Se aplicó a 1.126 pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca aguda de 25 hospitales seguidos durante 30 días tras su visita a urgencias, y se calculó el tiempo en cada situación clínica y sus costes sanitarios. Resultados: El modelo ilustra visualmente los componentes del objetivo combinado a los 30 días (el 2,12% en urgencias, el 23,6% en hospitalización índice, el 2,7% en reingresos, el 65,5% vivo en casa y el 6,02% fallecido) y muestra diferencias significativas entre grupos de pacientes, hospitales o sistemas sanitarios. El instrumento también calcula y muestra los costes diarios y acumulados (total, 4.895.070 euros; media, 144,91 euros/paciente/día). Conclusiones: El modelo COHERENT es un nuevo método para mostrar visualmente resultados combinados y sus costes que permite comparar grupos de pacientes y cohortes. El nuevo sistema puede ser útil como un nuevo criterio de valoración para ensayos clínicos o estudios observacionales, y un instrumento para la evaluación comparativa, la planificación clínica, el análisis económico y la implementación de la atención sanitaria basada en valor (AU)

Introduction and objectives: Composite endpoints are widely used but have several limitations. The Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization and related costs (COHERENT) model is a new approach for visually displaying and comparing composite endpoints including all their components (incidence, timing, duration) and related costs. We aimed to assess the validity of the COHERENT model in a patient cohort. Methods: A color graphic system displaying the percentage of patients in each clinical situation (vital status and location: at home, emergency department [ED] or hospital) and related costs at each time point during follow-up was created based on a list of mutually exclusive clinical situations coded in a hierarchical fashion. The system was tested in a cohort of 1126 patients with acute heart failure from 25 hospitals. The system calculated and displayed the time spent in each clinical situation and health care resource utilization-related costs over 30 days. Results: The model illustrated the times spent over 30 days (2.12% in ED, 23.6% in index hospitalization, 2.7% in readmissions, 65.5% alive at home, and 6.02% dead), showing significant differences between patient groups, hospitals, and health care systems. The tool calculated and displayed the daily and cumulative health care-related costs over time (total, €4 895 070; mean, €144.91 per patient/d). Conclusions: The COHERENT model is a new, easy-to-interpret, visual display of composite endpoints, enabling comparisons between patient groups and cohorts, including related costs. The model may constitute a useful new approach for clinical trials or observational studies, and a tool for benchmarking, and value-based health care implementation (AU)

[What risk factors are associated with mortality and readmissions in osteoporotic hip fracture?] / ¿Qué factores de riesgo se asocian con la mortalidad y los reingresos en la fractura de cadera osteoporótica?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Hip fracture in the elderly leads to long hospital stays, readmissions and mortality. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with mortality and readmissions in elderly with hip fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study in people over 65years with hip fracture between October-2017 and November-2018, followed for 12months (128 patients). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SPSS vs27.0. RESULTS: 6 (4.7%) patients were readmitted at 1 month; at year 24 (19.4%); 55 (44.4%) consulted for emergencies; 4 (3.1%) died during admission, and 26 (20.3%) in 12months; hospital stay 6.5 (SD: 4.80) days. Those with a previous Barthel less than 85 (6 [8.5%] vs 0 [0%]; P=.037) and less EuroQol5D (6 [10.0] vs 0 [0%]; P=.011) were readmitted more at one month. Those taking anticoagulants (OR: 3.33 (1.13-9.81); P=.003) and those with high surgical risk (18 [23.4%] vs 1 [5.6%]) were readmitted more after one year; P=.038). There was higher intra-episode mortality with renal failure (OR: 34.2 [3.25-359.93]; P=.003) and decompensated heart failure (OR: 23.8 [2.76-205.25]; P=.015). Higher mortality at one year in those older than 85years (OR: 4.3 [1.48-12.49]; P=.007); in those taking benzodiazepines (OR: 2.86 [1.06-7.73]; P=.038); if Barthel was less than 85 (OR: 2.96 [1.1-7.99]; P=.027) and if EuroQol5D was low (0.249 vs 0.547; P=.025). Those operated after 72h (24 [57.1%] vs. 29 [38.2%]; P=.047) consulted more for the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: Renal failure and cardiac decompensation increased intra-episode mortality. Older age, benzodiazepines, and previous low functionality and low EuroQol5D increased mortality at one year. They were readmitted more if higher surgical risk, previously anticoagulated and worse quality of life and functionality.

Evolución de la asociación de diabetes y eventos posalta en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica descompensada: hallazgos del registro RICA / Changes over time in the association between type 2 diabetes and post-discharge outcomes in decompensated chronic heart failure patients: Findings from the RICA Registry

Objetivos: La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y la diabetes son 2procesos fuertemente asociados. El objetivo principal fue analizar la evolución del pronóstico de los pacientes con diabetes que ingresan por IC a lo largo de 2períodos. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo para comparar el pronóstico a un año de seguimiento entre los pacientes con diabetes que ingresan por IC en 2008-2011 y 2018. Los pacientes proceden del Registro Nacional de Insuficiencia Cardíaca (RICA) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna. El objetivo primario fue analizar el desenlace combinado de mortalidad total o ingreso por IC durante 12 meses. Se utilizó una regresión multivariante de Cox para evaluar la fuerza de asociación (hazard ratio [HR]) de la diabetes y los desenlaces entre ambos períodos. resultados: Se incluyó a un total de 936 pacientes en la cohorte de 2018, de los que 446 (48%) tenían diabetes. Las características basales de la población de los 2períodos fueron similares. En los pacientes con diabetes se observó el desenlace combinado en 233 (47,5%) en la cohorte de 2008-2011 y 162 (36%) en la cohorte de 2018 (HR 1,48; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] 1,18-1,85; p <0,001). La proporción de ingresos (HR 1,39; IC95% 1,07-1,80; p=0,015) y la mortalidad total (HR 1,60; IC95% 1,20-2,14; p <0,001) también fueron significativamente mayores en los pacientes con diabetes de la cohorte de 2008-2011 con respecto a la del 2018. Conclusiones: En 2018 se observa una mejoría del pronóstico de la mortalidad total y los reingresos durante un año de seguimiento en pacientes con diabetes hospitalizados por IC con respecto al período de 2008-2011 (AU)

Aims: Heart failure (HF) and diabetes are 2strongly associated diseases. The main objective of this work was to analyze changes in the prognosis of patients with diabetes who were admitted for heart failure in 2time periods. Methods: This work is a prospective study comparing prognosis at one year of follow-up among patients with diabetes who were hospitalized for HF in either 2008-2011 or 2018. The patients are from the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine's National Heart Failure Registry (RICA, for its initials in Spanish). The primary endpoint was to analyze the composite outcome of total mortality and/or readmission due to HF in 12 months. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate the strength of association (hazard ratio [HR]) between diabetes and the outcomes between both periods. Results: A total of 936 patients were included in the 2018 cohort, of which 446 (48%) had diabetes. The baseline characteristics of the populations from the 2periods were similar. In patients with diabetes, the composite outcome was observed in 233 (47.5%) in the 2008-2011 cohort and 162 (36%) in the 2018 cohort [HR 1.48; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.18-1.85; p<.001]. The proportion of readmissions (HR 1.39; 95%CI 1.07-1.80; p=.015) and total mortality (HR 1.60; 95%CI 1.20-2.14; p<.001) were also significantly higher in patients with diabetes from the 2008-2011 cohort compared to the 2018 cohort. Conclusions: In 2018, an improvement was observed in the prognosis for all-cause mortality and readmissions over one year of follow-up in patients with diabetes hospitalized for HF compared to the 2008-2011 period (AU)

Influence of surgical technique on complications, readmissions and clinical progress of breast cancer in women participating in screening programs / Influencia de la técnica quirúrgica en las complicaciones, reingresos y evolución clínica del cáncer de mama en mujeres participantes en programas de cribado poblacional

Introduction: Complications and readmissions derived from surgical treatment of breast cancer have been less evaluated than recurrence and mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of surgical treatment and prognosis in a screening population with known high surgical variability.Methods: This multicenter study included 1086 women diagnosed with breast cancer from the CaMISS cohort study of women aged between 50 and 69years participating in four breast cancer screening programs in Spain between 2000 and 2009 with a follow-up until 2014. Multivariate models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio of breast surgery (mastectomy vs conservative treatment) for complications and readmissions and hazard ratios for recurrences and mortality.Results: Primary breast surgical treatment consisted of conservative treatment in 821 women (80.1%) and mastectomy in 204 (19.9%). Mastectomy was associated with readmissions, recurrences and mortality but this association was not statistically significant on multivariate adjusted analysis (ORa=1.51 [95%CI 0.89–2.57], HRa=1.37 [95%CI 0.85–2.19] and HRa=1.52 [95%CI 0.95–2.43] respectively). In our sample, the variables with greatest impact on complications, recurrences and mortality were stages III and IV (ORa=4.4[95%CI 1.22–16.16], HRa=7.96 [95%CI 3.32–19.06] and HRa=3.92[95%CI 1.77–8.67]).Conclusion: Complications, readmissions, recurrence and mortality were similar in both surgical techniques. These results support that surgical treatment for breast cancer can be adapted to professional and health system circumstances, and to the surgical needs and desires of each patient. At a time when screening programs are being questioned the variable with the greatest impact on mortality was stage III and IV. (AU)

Introducción: Las complicaciones y los reingresos derivados del tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama han sido menos evaluados que la recidiva y la mortalidad. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar los resultados y el pronóstico del cáncer de mama en función del tipo de cirugía recibida en una población con elevada variabilidad quirúrgica.Métodos: En este estudio multicéntrico se incluyeron 1086 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama de la cohorte CaMISS, con mujeres de entre 50 y 69 años participantes en 4 programas de cribado Españoles entre 2000 y 2009, con seguimiento hasta 2014. Se utilizó la regresión logística multivariada para estimar la odds ratio de complicaciones y reingresos. También modelos Cox para estimar hazard ratios de recidivas y mortalidad.Resultados: Se realizó cirugía conservadora en 821 mujeres (80,1%) y mastectomía en 204 (19,9%). La mastectomía se asoció con reingresos, recidivas y mortalidad, pero esta asociación no fue estadísticamente significativa en el análisis multivariado ajustado (ORa=1,51[IC95% 0,89-2,57], HRa=1,37[IC95% 0,85-2,19] y HRa=1,52[IC95% 0,95-2,43] respectivamente). La variable con mayor impacto sobre complicaciones, recidivas y mortalidad fue el estadio III/IV (ORa=4,4[IC 95%: 1,22-16,16], HRa=7,96[IC 95%: 3,32-19,06] y HRa=3,92[IC 95%: 1,77-8,67]).Conclusión: Las complicaciones, reingresos, recidiva y mortalidad fueron estadísticamente equivalentes en ambas técnicas quirúrgicas. El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de mama puede adaptarse a las circunstancias profesionales, del sistema sanitario además de necesidades y deseos quirúrgicos de cada paciente. En un momento en que se cuestionan los programas de cribado, la variable con mayor impacto en mortalidad fue el estadio.

Changes over time in the association between type 2 diabetes and post-discharge outcomes in decompensated chronic heart failure patients: Findings from the RICA Registry.

AIMS: Heart failure (HF) and diabetes are 2 strongly associated diseases. The main objective of this work was to analyze changes in the prognosis of patients with diabetes who were admitted for heart failure in 2 time periods. METHODS: This work is a prospective study comparing prognosis at one year of follow-up among patients with diabetes who were hospitalized for HF in either 2008-2011 or 2018. The patients are from the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine's National Heart Failure Registry (RICA, for its initials in Spanish). The primary endpoint was to analyze the composite outcome of total mortality and/or readmission due to HF in 12 months. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to evaluate the strength of association (hazard ratio [HR]) between diabetes and the outcomes between both periods. RESULTS: A total of 936 patients were included in the 2018 cohort, of which 446 (48%) had diabetes. The baseline characteristics of the populations from the 2 periods were similar. In patients with diabetes, the composite outcome was observed in 233 (47.5%) in the 2008-2011 cohort and 162 (36%) in the 2018 cohort [HR 1.48; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.18-1.85; p < .001]. The proportion of readmissions (HR 1.39; 95%CI 1.07-1.80; p = .015) and total mortality (HR 1.60; 95%CI 1.20-2.14; p < .001) were also significantly higher in patients with diabetes from the 2008-2011 cohort compared to the 2018 cohort. CONCLUSIONS: In 2018, an improvement was observed in the prognosis for all-cause mortality and readmissions over one year of follow-up in patients with diabetes hospitalized for HF compared to the 2008-2011 period.

The Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization, and related costs (COHERENT) model. Application in heart failure patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Composite endpoints are widely used but have several limitations. The Clinical outcomes, healthcare resource utilization and related costs (COHERENT) model is a new approach for visually displaying and comparing composite endpoints including all their components (incidence, timing, duration) and related costs. We aimed to assess the validity of the COHERENT model in a patient cohort. METHODS: A color graphic system displaying the percentage of patients in each clinical situation (vital status and location: at home, emergency department [ED] or hospital) and related costs at each time point during follow-up was created based on a list of mutually exclusive clinical situations coded in a hierarchical fashion. The system was tested in a cohort of 1126 patients with acute heart failure from 25 hospitals. The system calculated and displayed the time spent in each clinical situation and health care resource utilization-related costs over 30 days. RESULTS: The model illustrated the times spent over 30 days (2.12% in ED, 23.6% in index hospitalization, 2.7% in readmissions, 65.5% alive at home, and 6.02% dead), showing significant differences between patient groups, hospitals, and health care systems. The tool calculated and displayed the daily and cumulative health care-related costs over time (total, €4 895 070; mean, €144.91 per patient/d). CONCLUSIONS: The COHERENT model is a new, easy-to-interpret, visual display of composite endpoints, enabling comparisons between patient groups and cohorts, including related costs. The model may constitute a useful new approach for clinical trials or observational studies, and a tool for benchmarking, and value-based health care implementation.

Beneficios perioperatorios progresivos de la laparoscopia y su combinación con un programa Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) en la cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria heterotópica / Progressive perioperative benefits of laparoscopy in combination with an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol in radical cystectomy with ileal conduit

Introducción: Aunque en los últimos años la laparoscopia y los protocolos de rehabilitación multimodal Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) han demostrado mejorar la recuperación postoperatoria en la cistectomía radical (CR), la eficacia clínica de su asociación aún sigue en estudio. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los posibles beneficios obtenidos de la CR laparoscópica (CRL) y su posterior combinación con ERAS (ERAS-CRL) frente a la CR abierta (CRA).Material y métodosAnalizamos 187CR consecutivas con derivación urinaria heterotópica realizadas en nuestro centro, de las cuales 139 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: 47CRA, 39CRL (ambas con protocolo convencional) y 52 ERAS-CRLResultadosNo se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a edad, sexo, IMC y ASA entre los 3 grupos. ERAS-CRL obtuvo una estancia hospitalaria más corta que CRL y CRA (mediana 8 [7-10]) vs. 13 [10-17] vs. 15 [13-19,5] días, respectivamente; p<0,001). ERAS-CRL también tuvo una estancia más corta en la UCI y menos días de sonda nasogástrica (p<0,001). Las complicaciones postoperatorias y los reingresos fueron similares en los 3 grupos. La ausencia de complicaciones, una edad más joven y ERAS fueron factores independientes relacionados con una menor estancia hospitalaria, mientras que ERAS fue el único factor independiente asociado con un menor reingreso a los 90 días.ConclusionesAunque la CRL presentó beneficios perioperatorios respecto a la CRA, los resultados fueron mejores tras la implementación de un programa ERAS, siendo el impacto de este último más importante que la técnica quirúrgica utilizada. (AU)

Introduction: Although in the recent years, laparoscopy and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have improved postoperative recovery in radical cystectomy (RC), the clinical efficacy of their association remains unclear. Our objective is to analyze the possible benefits obtained from laparoscopic RC (LRC) and its subsequent combination with an ERAS (ERAS-LRC) protocol compared to open RC (ORC).Material and methodsWe analyzed 187 consecutive RCs with ileal conduit performed in our center, of which 139 met the inclusion criteria: 47 ORC, 39 LRC (both with conventional protocol) and 52 ERAS-LRCs.ResultsNo significant differences were found regarding age, sex, BMI and ASA score between groups. ERAS-LRC obtained a shorter length of stay than LRC and ORC (median 8 [7-10]) vs. 13 [10-17] vs. 15 [13-19.5] days, respectively; P<.001). ERAS-LRC had a shorter stay in the ICU and less days of nasogastric tube (P<.001). Postoperative complications and readmission rates were similar among groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that absence of complications, younger age and ERAS behaved as independent factors for shorter hospital stay, while ERAS was the only independent factor of lower readmission rate at 90 days.ConclusionsAlthough LRC presented perioperative benefits compared to ORC, the results were better after the implementation of an ERAS protocol. ERAS protocol had stronger impact on recovery than the surgical approach of the procedure. (AU)

Progressive perioperative benefits of laparoscopy in combination with an ERAS (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) protocol in radical cystectomy with ileal conduit. / Beneficios perioperatorios progresivos de la laparoscopia y su combinación con un programa Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) en la cistectomía radical con derivación urinaria heterotópica.

INTRODUCTION: Although in the recent years, laparoscopy and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have improved postoperative recovery in radical cystectomy (RC), the clinical efficacy of their association remains unclear. Our objective is to analyze the possible benefits obtained from laparoscopic RC (LRC) and its subsequent combination with an ERAS (ERAS-LRC) protocol compared to open RC (ORC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 187 consecutive RCs with ileal conduit performed in our center, of which 139 met the inclusion criteria: 47 ORC, 39 LRC (both with conventional protocol) and 52 ERAS-LRCs. RESULTS: No significant differences were found regarding age, sex, BMI and ASA score between groups. ERAS-LRC obtained a shorter length of stay than LRC and ORC (median 8 [7-10]) vs. 13 [10-17] vs. 15 [13-19.5] days, respectively; P<.001). ERAS-LRC had a shorter stay in the ICU and less days of nasogastric tube (P<.001). Postoperative complications and readmission rates were similar among groups. Multivariate logistic regression showed that absence of complications, younger age and ERAS behaved as independent factors for shorter hospital stay, while ERAS was the only independent factor of lower readmission rate at 90 days. CONCLUSIONS: Although LRC presented perioperative benefits compared to ORC, the results were better after the implementation of an ERAS protocol. ERAS protocol had stronger impact on recovery than the surgical approach of the procedure.

Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery: Implementation of program and clinical outcomes from a bariatric surgery and metabolic diseases reference center.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced recovery after bariatric surgery (ERABS) protocols involve a series of multimodal perioperative procedures based on evidence designed to reduce physiological stress, improve recovery, and reduce costs on medical attention by decreasing length of hospital stay (length of stay [LOS]). OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to report the viability and results of the ERABS application in a reference bariatric center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, observational, and descriptive study on bariatric procedures conducted over 12 months in the ERABS context which includes pre-procedure, intraprocedure, and post-procedure measures. The collected data include demographic data, comorbidity, morbimortality, LOS, and readmission to hospital. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients within a median of 38.8 ± 9.5 years and 44.1 ± 6.20 kg/m2 BMI underwent surgery. Fifty-five (85.93%) were Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) cases and 9 (14.06%) were sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Related comorbidities were hypertension 37%, diabetes 34%, dyslipidemia 23%, and obstructive sleep apnea 21%. Two (3.12%) patients developed post-operative morbidity (respiratory and thromboembolic complications). LOS for RYGB was 1.16 ± 0.97 and 1 ± 0 days for SG. The successful discharge rate on the 1st day after procedure was 96% and 100%, respectively. Readmission to hospital within a 30-day period presented itself on 4 patients (6.25%). CONCLUSION: Applying ERABS protocols is feasible, safe, morbidity low, LOS acceptable, and a low readmission rate within 30 days.

ANTECEDENTES: Los protocolos de recuperación mejorada tras cirugía bariátrica (ERABS, Enhanced Recovery After Bariatric Surgery) implican intervenciones perioperatorias multimodales basadas en la evidencia diseñadas para reducir el estrés fisiológico, facilitar el retorno temprano de la función corporal y reducir los costos de atención médica al disminuir la duración de la estancia intrahospitalaria. OBJETIVO: Reportar la viabilidad y los resultados de la utilización de ERABS en un centro bariátrico de referencia. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, observacional y descriptivo de procedimientos bariátricos realizados durante 12 meses en contexto ERABS, que incluyó medidas preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Los datos recopilados fueron demografía, comorbilidad, morbimortalidad, estancia intrahospitalaria y reingresos. RESULTADOS: 64 pacientes, edad 38.8 ± 9.5 años, índice de masa corporal 44.1 ± 6.20 kg/m2, 55 (85.93%) bypass gástricos en Y de Roux (BGYR) y 9 (14.06%) mangas gástricas. Comorbilidad: hipertensión 37%, diabetes 34%, dislipidemia 23% y apnea obstructiva 21%. Dos (3.12%) pacientes desarrollaron morbilidad posoperatoria (complicaciones respiratorias y tromboembólicas). La estancia intrahospitalaria para el BGYR fue de 1.16 ± 0.97 días y para la manga 1 ± 0 días. El alta exitosa al primer día posoperatorio fue del 96% para el BGYR y del 100% para la manga. El reingreso hospitalario a 30 días se produjo en cuatro (6.25%) pacientes. CONCLUSIÓN: La aplicación de protocolos ERABS es factible, segura, de baja morbilidad, con una estancia intrahospitalaria aceptable y una baja tasa de reingresos a 30 días.

Is obesity a risk factor for readmission after acute myocardial infarction?

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hospital readmissions are a major concern in terms of both cost and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to determine which patients were more likely to experience hospital readmissions after acute myocardial infarction in order to help develop more targeted programs and policies. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2014 Nationwide Readmissions Database was used to calculate the national readmission rate by patient characteristics. All U.S. patients who presented to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction in 2014 and incurred a readmission were included in this analysis. The main outcome of interest was the rate of readmission by obesity. Obesity was measured using the comorbidity indicator found in the dataset. National secondary data of a sample of U.S. hospital discharges was used to measure hospital readmission rates. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to determine if a significant relationship existed between readmissions and the patient characteristics. For this purpose odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval has been calculated. RESULTS: There were 11.66% hospital readmissions in the database. Non-obese adults were 21% less likely to be readmitted than obese adults. Non-obese patients were 21.2% less likely to be readmitted than obese patients (OR 0.788, CI 0.751-0.827, p-value <.0001). Obese patients with no insurance had significantly higher readmissions compared to obese Medicare patients. CONCLUSIONS: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program has been effective at reducing hospital readmissions. However, greater focus needs to be placed on reducing hospital readmissions for patients with chronic conditions, especially obesity.

Effectiveness of a nursing training intervention in complex chronic patients. / Efectividad de una intervención educativa enfermera en pacientes crónicos complejos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a training intervention performed by nursing professionals in complex chronic patients, during hospitalisation in an internal medicine service, can modify the pattern of readmissions or reduce their number. METHOD: Pragmatic clinical trial of a nursing training intervention vs. habitual performance. For the intervention group, a training plan in care was designed, personalised for each patient, according to the needs detected in a first interview. The intervention was extended during the time of admission and a contact phone was available after discharge to resolve doubts. RESULTS: Among the 498 patients interviewed initially, 131 were excluded because they were not a complex chronic patient or because they found no deficiencies in their training or care. One patient (.20%) did not agree to participate and there were no dropouts. Of the 366 participants, 190 were included in the intervention group and 176 in the control group. In the first 8 days after discharge, 2 (1.05%) patients from the intervention group and 8 (4.54%) from the control group were re-admitted (p=.05). In the first 30 days after discharge, 26 patients (13.70%) and 33 patients (18.75%) respectively (p=.10) were readmitted. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows how a nursing training intervention during hospitalisation in Internal Medicine in complex chronic patients reduces short-term readmissions.

Unplanned emergency department consultations and readmissions within 30 and 90 days of bariatric surgery. / Consultas a Urgencias y reingresos a 30 y 90 días tras cirugía bariátrica.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital readmission is used as a measure of quality healthcare. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, causes, and risk factors related to emergency consultations and readmissions within 30 and 90 days in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. METHODS: Retrospective study of 429 patients operated on from January 2004 to July 2015 from a prospectively maintained database and electronic medical records. Demographic data, type of intervention, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and records of emergency visits and readmissions were analyzed. RESULTS: Within the first 90 days postoperative, a total of 117 (27%) patients consulted the Emergency Department and 24 (6%) were readmitted. The most common reasons for emergency consultation were noninfectious problems related to the surgical wound (n=40, 34%) and abdominal pain (n=28, 24%), which was also the first cause of readmission (n=9, 37%). Postoperative complications, reintervention, associated surgery in the same operation and depression were risk factors for emergency consultation within the first 90 days of the postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the high number of patients who visit the Emergency Department in the first 90 days of the postoperative period, few require readmission and none surgical reoperation. It is important to know the reasons for emergency consultation to establish preventive measures and improve the quality of care.

[Profile and evolution of chronic complex patients in a subacute unit]. / Perfil y evolución de pacientes crónicos complejos en una unidad de subagudos.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the management of geriatric pluripathologic patients in Catalonia, the identification of chronic complex patient (PCC) or patients with advanced chronic disease (MACA) has been promoted. Patients with exacerbated chronic diseases are promoted to be admitted in subacute units (SG) located in intermediate hospitals and specialized in geriatric care, as an alternative to acute hospital. The results of the care process in patients identified as PCC/MACA in SG have not been evaluated. DESIGN: Descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. LOCATION: SG located in intermediate care hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients admitted in the SG during 6months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: We compared baseline characteristics (demographic, clinical and geriatric assessment data), results at discharge and 30days post-discharge between PCC/MACA patients versus other patients. RESULTS: Of 244 patients (mean age±SD=85,6±7,5; 65.6%women), 91 (37,3%) were PCC/MACA (PCC=79,1%, MACA=20,9%). These, compared with unidentified patients, had greater comorbidity (Charlson index=3,2±1,8 vs 2,0; p=0,001) and polypharmacy (9,5±3,7 drugs vs 8,1±3,8; p=0,009). At discharge, the return to usual residence and mortality were comparable. PCC/MACA had higher mortality adding the mortality at 30day post-discharge (15,4% vs 8%; p=0,010). In a multi-variable analysis, PCC/MACA identification (p=0,006), as well as a history of dementia (p=0,004), was associated with mortality. Although PCC/MACA patients had higher readmission rate at 30day (18,7% vs 10,5%; p=0,014), in the multivariable analyses, only male, polypharmacy, and heart failure were independently associated to readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Despite having more comorbidity and polypharmacy, the outcomes of patients identified as PCC/MACA at discharge of SG, were comparable with other patients, although they experienced more readmissions within 30days, possibly due to comorbidity and polypharmacy.

Estudio descriptivo de pacientes con reingreso múltiple anual en el Hospital Vilardebó (2013-2014) / Descriptive study of patients with annual multiple re-entry at the Vilardebó Hospital (2013-2014)

El reingreso frecuente al hospital psiquiátrico ha sido estudiado a lo largo de décadas en diferentes países. Se lo considera un fenómeno vinculado a los procesos de desinstitucionalización. Se define al paciente con reingresos frecuentes como aquel que cuenta con tres o más hospitalizaciones en un año. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo de dicha población en el Hospital psiquiátrico Vilardebó (período 2013-2014). Se describieron sus características sociodemográficas, psicopatológicas, asistenciales y de sostén social. Se realizó una comparación con el resto de los pacientes hospitalizados en el mismo período. Los pacientes con reingresos frecuentes son una población joven, con un predominio femenino. Se subdividen fundamentalmente en tres categorías diagnósticas: trastornos de personalidad, trastorno bipolar y esquizofrenia. El trastorno bipolar y los trastornos de la personalidad se encuentran sobre rrepresentados en el grupo de los pacientes con reingresos frecuentes. Asimismo, se destacó la presencia de consumo de sustancias y trastornos de conducta.

The frequent re-entry to the psychiatric hospital has been studied over decades in different countries. It is considered a phenomenon linked to de institutionalization processes. The patient with frequent readmissions is defined as one who has three or more hospitalizations in a year. An exploratory descriptive study of this population was conducted in the Vilardebó psychiatric hospital (2013-2014 period). Their sociodemographic, psychopathological, welfare and social support characteristics were described. A comparison was made with the rest of the patients hospitalized in the same period. Patients with frequent readmissions are a young population, with a female predominance. They are basically subdivided into three diagnostic categories: personality disorders, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder and personality disorders are overrepresented in the group of patients with frequent readmissions. Likewise, the presence of substance use and behavioral disorders was highlighted.

Clinical audit of patients hospitalized due to COPD exacerbation. MAG-1 Study.

UNLABELLED: Hospitalizations for acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) generate high consumption of health resources, frequent readmissions and high mortality. The MAG -1 study aims to identify critical points to improve the care process of severe AECOPD requiring hospitalization. METHODS: Observational study, with review of clinical records of patients admitted to hospitals of the Catalan public network for AECOPD. The centers were classified into 3 groups according to the number of discharges/year. Demographic and descriptive data of the previous year, pharmacological treatment, care during hospitalization and discharge process and follow-up, mortality and readmission at 30 and 90 days were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 910 patients (83% male) with a mean age of 74.3 (+10.1) years and a response rate of 70% were included. Smoking habit was determined in only 45% of cases, of which 9% were active smokers. In 31% of cases, no previous lung function data were available. Median hospital stay was 7 days (IQR 4-10), increasing according the complexity of the hospital. Mortality from admission to 90 days was 12.4% with a readmission rate of 49%. An inverse relationship between length of hospital stay and readmission within 90 days was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In a large number of medical records, smoking habit and lung function tests were not appropriately reported. Average hospital stay increases with the complexity of the hospital, but longer stays appear to be associated with lower mortality at follow-up.